名詞性從句-講解(附練習(xí)題)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流名詞性從句-講解(附練習(xí)題).精品文檔.一、概念：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。Who will go makes no difference. 誰去都沒關(guān)系。（ 從句）The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻煩的是她把他的地址搞丟了。（ 從句）They have no i

2、dea at all where he has gone.他們不知道他去什么地方了。（ 從句）Do you remember how he came? 你記得他怎么來的么？（ 從句）二、語序當(dāng)名詞性從句要采用陳述句語序。由一個含疑問意義的連詞引起時，必須將該連詞放在名詞性從句的開頭，且該從句語序不能倒裝。 What we can't get seems better than what we have.我們得不到的似乎比我們所擁有的要好。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定愛麗絲放金戒指的地方嗎？No one

3、 can be sure what man will look like in a million years. 沒有人肯定一百萬年后人類會是什么樣子。He asked how much I paid for the violin.他問我花了多少錢買這個小提琴。三、時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)名詞性從句特別是賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)要相呼應(yīng)，主要有下列幾種情況：（1）如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的制約，從句的謂語可根據(jù)意思的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。I wonder why Jenny hasnt written us recently. We

4、should have heard from her by now.我不知道為什么珍妮最近沒有給我們寫信。我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)收到他的來信了。Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. 對不起，我還沒來得及。我認為你穿上當(dāng)然好看。（2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞用過去的相應(yīng)的某個時態(tài)。The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖入房子

5、并且很多東西被偷She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她說她等了我很長時間。I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告訴我他們在設(shè)計一種新機器。They said they would listen to a report on current affairs.他說他們將聽關(guān)于時事的報告。（3）如果賓語從句是表示客觀事實、真理等，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，賓語從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dick asked Lucy how old she is迪克問露斯她多大了。 The

6、teacher said the sun rises in the east老師說太陽從東方升起。四、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致相同，它們分別是：連詞：that, whether, if；關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引導(dǎo)從句時一般不用逗號和主句分開。詳細見下表：分類引導(dǎo)詞詞 義在從句中的作用連詞that無任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)

7、任何句子成分if和whether是否起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分Because （表從）因為as if / as though （表從）好像，似乎關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主、表、賓、定語等關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how,however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語由上表可總結(jié)出：1. 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的作用：1）都起連接作用，連接主句和從句的作用。2）大

8、部分引導(dǎo)詞都有詞義（單詞本身詞義，“that” 除外），用在復(fù)合句中表達著相應(yīng)的需要表達的意思。3）大部分引導(dǎo)詞都在從句內(nèi)部充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的語法成分，如：主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語等。2. 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇：1）準確把握復(fù)合句要表達句意，看缺不缺相應(yīng)詞意，若缺補上什么詞義使其完整，初選引導(dǎo)詞。2）細分析從句語法結(jié)構(gòu)，看其缺不缺成分，若缺又缺什么成分，再綜合其所缺詞意選定答案。例句：1）.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的頭發(fā)在變白令她有點擔(dān)憂。（that在從句中只起 作用，不 ）2）.What caused the

9、accident is still a complete mystery. 事故發(fā)生的原因仍然是個不解之謎。（What在從句中作 ） 3）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （whatever 在從句中作 ）4）It was a matter of who would take the position. （who 在從句中作 ）5）Where she has gone is not known yet. （where 在從句中作 ）3. whether和if的區(qū)別（1）whet

10、her可以引導(dǎo)discuss和介詞賓語從句，而if不能。 I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money. 我還沒決定是否把錢借給她。（不能用if） They are talking about whether they will go there.他們正在討論是否去那里。（不能用if）（2）whether可以應(yīng)到所有的名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句；在引起主語從句時，特別是主語從句在句首時，不能用if，除非是有形式主語it的主語從句。Whether we'll go camping tomorrow

11、depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.問題是這值不值得做。我們明天是否去野營要看天氣而定。（不能用if）The question whether we need it has not been decided.我們需不需要它還沒定。（不能用if）（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，構(gòu)成whether or not或whether or no，if則不能。但可以說whether/if or not, whether/if or。I don't know whether or

12、 not he'll come. 我不知道他是否會來。（不能用if）He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天無論如何要動身去巴黎了。（不能用if）I dont care whether/ if you come or not.我不關(guān)心你來與否。（4）if 引導(dǎo)的從句可用于否定的謂語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句不用于否定的謂語。I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他來不來呢。He doesnt care if you dont pay the money.你付不付錢他不在乎。（

13、5）whether or可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，or不可省略；if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不論明天下不下雪，我都騎車去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果給他更多的時間，他會做得更好。（6）whether可以和不定式連用，而if不能。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚還是等等再說。They havent decided

14、 whether to go there or not.他們還沒決定去不去。巧記whether與if異同“whether”與“if”都可表“是否”，是?？純?nèi)容。下面的順口溜可幫你記住其異同。主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss和介詞后，whether引賓從；不定式、or not后面跟，whether獨能顯神通；賓從如是否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用；避免歧義要慎重，其它情況可換用。五、各從句祥析（一）主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. 主語從句位置放在主句謂語動詞之前：Whether she will

15、come or not is still a question. 她是否會來仍是一個問題。That they will go is certain.他們?nèi)ナ强隙ǖ?。What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在會議上的發(fā)言時所有入會者吃驚。2. 主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，由形式主語it代替，而從句本身放在句子末尾。用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）It is/was +形容詞+that 從句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見 Its fortunate that 幸運的是 It

16、s (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足為奇 Its an honour that 非常榮幸 Its a shame that真是可恥 Its common knowledge that 是常識（3）It +不及物動詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened tha

17、t碰巧 It appears that看來 It turns out that結(jié)果（4）It is/was +過去分詞+that 從句 Its not known that不得而知 Its said that 據(jù)說 Its reported that 據(jù)報道 Its decided that尚未決定 Its believed that 據(jù)認為 Its announced that據(jù)宣布 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感覺到）（5）其他 It doesnt matter 是無關(guān)緊要的 It makes no difference 毫無

18、區(qū)別 It is of little consequence that無關(guān)緊要例句：It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯這樣的錯誤是令人遺憾的事。It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天沒來是很奇怪的。It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.

19、注意：It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder t

20、ook place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調(diào)句型）（二）賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動詞（動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語。通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?, 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他

21、參軍了。(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperat

22、e with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content

23、 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定從前是否見過他。I'm sorry (that) you're ill.你病了，我很難過。4. it充當(dāng)形式賓語，真正的賓語（賓語從句）后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語代替主語從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語代替賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置。特別是帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, f

24、eel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等動詞接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓補）時，要用it作形式賓語。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們按時完成工作有困難。 She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone她認為他不接電話是不對的。 （2）在like，enjoy，love，hate, 等表“喜怒哀樂”的動詞，后若要跟賓語從句時，需跟形式賓

25、語 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們滿口飯說話。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通過了考試我很喜歡。 （3）由動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞后接 that 賓語從句時，要用形式賓語。 We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money我正在考慮借給你錢的事。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時候我

26、負責(zé)把他照顧好。（4）用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要記住你得十點鐘之前回家。We took it for granted that he would come.我們認為他來是當(dāng)然的。5. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移與省略（1）如果主句的謂語動詞是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主語是第一人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其后的賓語從句如含有否定意義，一定要把否定詞一道主句謂語上，從句謂語動詞

27、用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it better than me.我想他不會比我干得好。I dont believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不會那樣對待孩子的。（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副詞或表示強調(diào)的do, does, did；或者同其它詞構(gòu)成并列謂語；或者不以現(xiàn)在時出現(xiàn)；或者用作插入語中。這時候不用否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I really expect she didnt say that to

28、 him.我確實希望她不和他說那件事。 I think and hope that he wont be deceived by the man.我認為也希望他不會被那個人欺騙。（3）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此類動詞后，在簡略答語中，用 so 替代前文肯定的賓語從句；若替代一個否定的賓語從句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整個從句。-I believe we've met somewhere before我認為我們從前在哪見過。-No，I don't

29、think so沒有，我認為我們以前沒見過。-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？你認為這周末會下雨嗎？-I believe not我認為不會。注意：hope 只能說 I hope not 一種形式，因為 hope 不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。（三）.表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The ques

30、tion is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.5）It looked as if it was going to snow.6）That's

31、because we never thought of it.（四）.同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對這些名詞進行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。1. 同位語從句的功能：同位語從句對于名詞進一步解

32、釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置：同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3

33、. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that To

34、m would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）（3）引導(dǎo)定語從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，不但在句中充當(dāng)句子成分，還有與其含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，雖可以在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但沒有與之含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中國人民受欺侮的時候一去不復(fù)返了。(定語從句，the days與when構(gòu)成含義相當(dāng)?shù)拇钆潢P(guān)系)I have no idea when

35、he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。(同位語從句，idea與when在含義上沒有任何搭配關(guān)系)基礎(chǔ)題1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarre

36、l come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6

37、. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A.that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next mo

38、rning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that

39、B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use na

40、tural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they

41、 have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete myster

42、y. A. What B. That C. How D. Where強化題1: They are teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. A. what takes it B. what they took C. what it takes D. what takes them 2: In order to encourage the workers to work hard, the manager decides to award _ produces the most in the factory. A. who B

43、. whom C. whomever D. whoever 3: On stepping into the office, the girl was frightened to find that the whole office was filled with _ looked like tiny worms. A. that B. something C. what D. anything 4: _Tom was worried about seemed clearly to the whole family. A. what B. Which C. That D. How 5: The

44、teacher usually graded the students on _they have done. A. that B. what C. which D. how 6: We never doubt _ our school team will win the match against No 3 Mid-school.A. weather B. that C. if D. what 7: _ we can find from the following, the number of students dropping out is going down. A. what B. i

45、t C. as D. that 8: Will you see to _ you brother is OK at home while we are out on work. A. this if B. it that C. it weather D. that weather 9: To those scientists, it still remains to be a question _ man can go back to the old days with time machine. A. if B. that C. how D. weather 10: When woken u

46、p, he found he was standing on _ seemed to be a small piece of rock.A. that B. what C. which D. it 12: -What about your TEFL test? -I have answered all the questions, but not sure _I could get a high enough score. A. what B. if C. when D. why 14: _the sports meet of our school is held is still not decided