大學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)L9-minor

1、English LexicologyLecture Eight! Toms business seems in high cotton. Its unbelievable that everything he touches turn into gold.! She is quite above herself when she knew that she was the only person who got promoted in the company.! They may be good, but I think they wont bell the cat at the crucia

2、l moment.!You have to make a case for your proposal in order to get them approved.Chapter IV Word-formation (II)!Classification of minor processes!acronym首字母拼音法!clipping剪切法!blending拼綴法!backformation逆生法!words from proper names!reduplication!neoclassical formationShortening or Abbreviation! 1. initial

3、ism（首字母連寫(xiě)法）! 2. acronym（首字母拼音法）! 3. clipping（剪切法）Initialism! what is called initialism?! A type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase.! Instances: WhoCIAIOCEECWorld health OrganizationCentral Intelligence AgencyInternational Olympic Comm

4、itteeEuropean Economic Community! More to come:very important person! VIP ! PK! BBC ! NPC! ID! CS! ABC! HRM player killerBritish Broadcasting CorporationNational Peoples CongressIdentification CardCounter Strike! E-mail H-bomb G-man D-notice American Broadcasting CompanyHuman Resource Management Acr

5、onym! what is called acronym?! Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words. ! Difference between initials and acronyms ! Whether it is pronounced as a word or sequences of letters is the criterion of differing initials from acronyms.e.g. NATO: the North Atlantic Treaty Org

6、anization!Instances: ASEAN OPEC TOEFL UNESCO IELTS GRE radarOPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesTOEFL: Test of English as a foreign languageUNESCO: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationIELTS : International English Language Testing System ASEAN: Associat

7、ion of South-east Asia NationsGRE: Graduate Record Examination Clipping ! what is called clipping?! The deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usul. a noun), which is also available in in its full form. ! Instances: plane gym pop taxi ad memo bus fridge flu biz bike hankyplane: = airplanegym

8、: = gymnasticspop: = popular music, etc.taxi: = taxicabad: = advertisementmemo: = memorandumbus: = omnibusfridge: = refrigeratorflu: = influenzabiz: = businessbike: = bicyclehanky: = handkerchiefnighty, tummy, comfy! back clippingse.g. ad, amp, auto, champ, dorm, homo, vet, etc.! front clippingse.g.

9、 copter, phone, quake, chute, bus, etc.! front and back clippingse.g. flu, fridge, tec, etc.! phrase clippingse.g. narc/nark= one who investigates narcotics violations! Four main types of clippings! to complete the following shortening words from the news headlines! US auto workers end strike! Rural

10、-credit co-ops to get more autonomy! Palestinian demos mark massacres! US: first use of nuke weapons not unlawful! Iran asks for info on stolen gemsautomobileautomobilecooperativescooperativesdemonstrationsdemonstrationsnuclearnuclearinformationinformation! to identify the following modern shortenin

11、g! VIP ! MC! DJ! GP! dinky! nilk ! p.s.! c/o very important person very important person 貴賓貴賓master of ceremony master of ceremony 司儀司儀disc jockey disc jockey 電臺(tái)唱片音樂(lè)節(jié)目主持人電臺(tái)唱片音樂(lè)節(jié)目主持人general purpose vehicle general purpose vehicle 吉普車(chē)吉普車(chē)dual income, no kids + y dual income, no kids + y 無(wú)子女的雙職工夫妻無(wú)子女的雙職

12、工夫妻no income, lots of kids no income, lots of kids 無(wú)收入多子女夫妻無(wú)收入多子女夫妻postscript postscript （信末）附言（信末）附言care of care of 煩煩轉(zhuǎn)交轉(zhuǎn)交jeepjeepdeejaydeejayemceeemceeveepveep! to complete the following shortening & translate into Chinese! ad lib.: a.m.:! cf.: b.i.d.:! e.g.: etc.:! et al.: id.:! l.c.: p.m.:!

13、sec.: q.v.:! Rx.: vs.:ad libitum 即興即興ante meridiem 上午上午confer 參看參看exempli gratia 例如例如et alii 以及其他等以及其他等loco citato 在上述引文中在上述引文中secundum 根據(jù)根據(jù)recipe 藥方藥方bis in die bis in die 一日兩次一日兩次et cetera 等等等等idem 同上同上post meridiem post meridiem 下午下午quod vide 見(jiàn)該頁(yè)見(jiàn)該頁(yè)versus 與與相對(duì)相對(duì)Blending! a process of word-formati

14、on in which a new word is formed by combining parts of two words.! what is called blending?! The result of such a process is called a blend or telescopic word or portmanteau word.! Instances: brunch programmatic medicare smog! Classification of blendings the first part + the last parte.g. binary + d

15、igit bit (n.) boat + hotel botel smoke + haze smaze the first part + the first parte.g. situation + comedy sitcom communication + satellite comsat the first part + the whole parte.g. medical + care medicare documentary + drama docudrama the whole part + the last parte.g. air+ hotel airtel fact + fic

16、tion factionsci-fihi-fiworkaholicstagflationUnicomsitcommoteldawkJsciencefiction Jhighfidelity Jworkalcoholic Jstagnationinflation JUnited CommunicationsJsituationcomedyJmotorhotelJdovehawkBack-formation!a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed suffix. It

17、is also known as a reverse derivation.! what is called back-formation?!Instances: He decided to bach it all his life. Who authed this ? I prefer a polygamist who doesnt polyg to a monogamist who doesnt monog. !這種名詞往往以-er（-or，ar-），-ion，-ing結(jié)尾。 e.g. stoker（火夫；司爐）stoke（給添燃料）；peddler或 pedlar（小販） peddle（

18、叫賣(mài)）；swindler（詐騙犯）swindle（詐騙）；burglar（夜盜；竊賊）burgle（夜間闖入；盜竊）；beggar（乞丐）beg（乞討）；orator（演說(shuō)者）orate（演說(shuō)） ! three sources for back-formation! 形容詞 e.g. peevish（易怒的；暴躁的）peeve（氣惱；使氣惱），gloomy（陰暗的；憂(yōu)悶的）gloom（變陰暗；使陰暗；變郁悶；使郁悶）， frivolous（輕浮的）frivol（行動(dòng)輕?。?，cosy（舒適的）cose或coze（使感到舒適愜意；自己感到舒適愜意），lazy（懶惰）laze（偷懶），greedy（貪婪的）greed（貪婪），gruesome（可怕的）grue（因害怕發(fā)抖） !以副詞后綴-ling結(jié)尾的詞e.g. sidling（側(cè)面；斜看）sidle（側(cè)身而行），darkling（暗）darkle（變陰暗），grovelli