高中必修一直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詳解

1、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)從句）一.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的定義。直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的話(huà)叫直接引語(yǔ)，間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)叫間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)前后加引號(hào)；間接引語(yǔ)不必加引號(hào)。He said, "I ' m a student." （直接引語(yǔ) ） 一 He said that he was astudent.（間接引語(yǔ)）主句從句主句 從句二.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)形成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，首先要注意用特殊疑問(wèn)詞，其后用陳述語(yǔ)序的句子，同時(shí)注意 人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，連接詞，語(yǔ)序 的變化.（一）人稱(chēng)的變化規(guī)則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新。一隨主引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人

2、主句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保稱(chēng)變間引后與持致He says, " I like math very much .f He says that he likes math very much .二隨賓引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱(chēng)變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一aHe said to Lily,“ you mustgetup early ”一 He told Lily thatshe must get up early二不用變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人去人稱(chēng)/、變稱(chēng)在艾同引后She said to me ,“ They want to help him”一 She told me thatthey wantedhelp hi

3、m（二）.時(shí)態(tài)變化賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)則： 主現(xiàn)從不限；主過(guò)從四過(guò) （即4種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)）; 客觀真理，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1 .主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2 .主句過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)改成一般過(guò)去時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)改成 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3 .主句過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves r

4、ound the earth.主句的時(shí)態(tài)從句的時(shí)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)He says所需的任何時(shí)態(tài)He says, " he likes math very much .f He says that he likes math very much一般過(guò)去時(shí)He said直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)He said, “ he is a student. " f He said that he was a student現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)He said, “he is reading. " f He said that he was reading一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將

5、來(lái)時(shí)He said, “he will go home' 一 He said that he would go home一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said , “he went home' f He said that he had gone home現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said , “he has gone home' f He said that he had gone home過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said , “he had gone home' f He said that he had gone home（三）.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)

6、指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the followingweek地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comebringgotake（四）.連接詞1 .從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)h

7、at省略，直接與主句相連。2 .從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。3 .從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作 連接詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+胃語(yǔ)+其他直接引語(yǔ)連接詞例句注息事項(xiàng)陳述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.”一 He said to me ( that ) I could1 .連接詞：that2 .引述動(dòng)詞 said, said tosbtold sb,等help her.一般疑問(wèn)句if/whether ."是否“He

8、asked her ,“ Do you love me ”f He asked her whether she loved1 .改為“陳述語(yǔ)序”。2 .引述動(dòng)詞asked3 .去掉 Do, Does, Did改變 Are, Is, Will, Cana®him.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞： what, who,why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you” f He asked his wife how she was.i.改為“陳述語(yǔ)序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改變 Are, Is, Will, Cana®He

9、 asked me, “ What color do you like ”f He asked mewhat color I liked.祈使句肯定ask (tell)sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”一He told Lily to close the door.i.不用連接詞2 .不改變時(shí)態(tài)。3 .無(wú)須考慮語(yǔ)序否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth.He said to me,"Don' t be late. ”f He asked me not to be late.注意：1 .語(yǔ)序不

10、變的有：What' the matter with you What ' s wrong with you但 What' s the trouble with you的語(yǔ)序要變1 r ） 從句中有 or/ or not 。 例：she asks whether he stayed 。2 .只用 whether（2 ）與不定式 to do 連用。例：I can' t decide whether to tell him the news3）在介詞后。例： they are talking about whether they can afford thenew house用法是有區(qū)別的，但當(dāng) if/whether同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，我們要選 whether 3.賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序：陳語(yǔ)述序，即：連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它?；?連接詞（此時(shí)連接詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）+謂語(yǔ)+其它。陳述語(yǔ)序中：be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能提到主語(yǔ)前。例：1） can you tell me where is the hospital （ 錯(cuò)）can you tell me where the hospital is.（對(duì)）2） I