2015外研版小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)

1、小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)一、時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用 “usually通常,often常常,every 每,sometimes 有時(shí)，always 總是, 等詞。(2)根本結(jié)構(gòu)：/ You / We/ TheyHe / She / It冃疋句動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式否認(rèn)句don' t + 動(dòng)原does n' t + 動(dòng)原一般疑問句(Yes/No)Do ? Yes, I do.Does(動(dòng) 詞原形)?No,she does n' t.特殊疑問句What do ？How does she(動(dòng)詞原形)？(3)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變

2、成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同)1一般情況+s女口： walk-walks2-輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去 y +iesfly-flies3.結(jié)尾是s, x , sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用“ now現(xiàn)在,look看，listen 聽(2) 根本形式：be + 動(dòng)詞ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) readi ng.He/She/lt is(not) eating.What are you doing?Is he re

3、ad ing?(3) 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動(dòng)詞+ing )一般情況+ingwalk walk ing結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的e-e + ingcome coming重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一run-running個(gè)字母 +i ng swim-swimmi ng3. 一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast上一個(gè)，just now 剛剛,amome nt ago 剛剛，yesterday 昨天 等詞。(2) be 動(dòng)詞的過去式：am/is was； arewere(3) 過去式根本結(jié)構(gòu)肯疋句(Positive )動(dòng)詞過去式I went shopp ing last ni ght.否認(rèn)句(Neg

4、ative)Didn' t +動(dòng)詞原形I didn ' t go shopping last n ight.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did+動(dòng)詞原形？Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑問句(wh-)What did+動(dòng)詞原形？What did you do last night?(4)詞過去式的變化:規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的變化：一般動(dòng)詞+edpla nted, watered, climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+dliked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+ iedstudy studied, cry- cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔雙寫最后一stop -

5、 stopped音字母?jìng)€(gè)字母+edpla n - pla nned不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的變化:原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthi nkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremea nmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbegi nbega nspeakspokemakemadele

6、tletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunrandrawdrewsitsatlear ned/growgrewlear nlearnt4.般將來時(shí)riderodecomecamehearheardtelltoldgetgotknowknewtomorrow, next般將來時(shí)表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與Sunday等時(shí)間狀語連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形或will + 動(dòng)詞原形例如：I ' m going to visit my grandpa next week.、人稱代詞主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格me

7、usyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirs注：介詞，動(dòng)詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時(shí)用名詞性物主代詞。三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1. 一般名詞： + s a book - books2. 輔音字母力卩y 結(jié)尾：-y+ ies a story stories3. 以 s, x , sh, ch，結(jié)尾： + es a glass glasses ； a watch-watches4. 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾：-f 或 fe 變?yōu)?ves a knife - knives ； a

8、shelf-shelves5. 特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen.:/ xkbl/mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)bread, rice, water, juice , milk , tea , coffee五、縮略形式I ' m = I am, you'

9、; re = you are, she' s = she is, he' s = he is /he has(got)it ' s = it is, who s =whois, can' t =can not, isn ' t=is not, didn ' t=didnot, weren' t=were not, wasn ' t=was not, let ' s=let us, I ' 11=1 will六、a. an .the 的用法1. 單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音：a book, a peach , a “ U

10、'單詞的第一個(gè)讀音是元音讀音：an egg , an hour , an “ F2. the要注意的：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。七、介詞1. 表示方位：on, in, in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind, un der2. 表示時(shí)間：(1) at:幾點(diǎn)前面用at女口： at six o ' clock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at女口 :at Christmas,固定詞組 at the weekends, at night(2) on:星期前用 on 女口： on Mo

11、nday，日期前用 on 女口： on the 15th of July 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如: on National Day(3) in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in : in the morning, in the after noon, inthe eve ning, 月份前用 in, 如 in December, 季節(jié)前用 in, 如 win ter八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上 th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第 十三，2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3. 不規(guī)那么的。

12、如：first 第一，second 第二，third 第三，fifth 第五，eighth第八，ninth 第九，twelfth第十二。4. 有兩個(gè)或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個(gè)單詞如twenty-first第二十。九、some /any 的用法：xkb1/1. 肯定句中用 some I have some toys in my bedroom.2. 問句和否認(rèn)句中用 any： Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasn' t got any pencils in his pencil-case.3. 詢問想要什么時(shí)用 some Woul

13、d you like some juice?Can I have some stamps?十、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)1. 肯定句(有):There is + 單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞There are + 復(fù)數(shù)注：遵循就近原那么，看靠there be最近的2. 一般疑問句有嗎？：1s there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isn' t.Are there ? Yes, there are. /No, there aren' t.3. 否認(rèn)句沒有：There isn ' t .There aren ' t .4. there be 句型與ha

14、vehas的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物或人； havehas表示某人擁有某物。十一、祈使句Sit dow n pleaseDon t sit down, please.Let' s go to the park.注：祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形十二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, should, will后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。1.1 / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. You ' II be good frie

15、nds.十三、形容詞和副詞的比擬級(jí)一、形容詞的比擬級(jí)1、兩個(gè)事物或人的比擬用比擬級(jí)，比擬級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比擬級(jí)前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。2 形容詞加er的規(guī)那么：一般在詞尾加er ;以字母e結(jié)尾，加r ;以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er。3 不規(guī)那么形容詞比擬級(jí)：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副詞的比擬級(jí)1 .形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別有be用形，有形用be；有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng)在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后副詞在句子中最常見

16、的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后2. 副詞比擬級(jí)的變化規(guī)那么根本與形容詞比擬級(jí)相同不規(guī)那么變化：well-better,far-farther十四、特殊疑問句What問什么事，什么物或什么工作What are you doing ？I ' m reading.What is that?It ' s a book.W hat is she?What' s herob?She' s a nu rse.What colour問顏色What colour is your coat?It ' s red.What time 時(shí)間What time is it?What'

17、; s the time?It ' s seven.whe n什么時(shí)候When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?It ' s on the 21st ofDecember.Which 哪一個(gè)Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.Who誰Whois the manwith a big nose?He' s my un cle.Whose 誰的Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?It ' s his bag.Where 哪里Where is my ball pen?It ' s under the book.Why為什么Why do you like summer?I like summer