句子成分專題(帶答案)

1、戴氏教育達州西外校區(qū)名校沖刺戴氏教育溫馨提醒：暑假班是學習的大好時機，可以在這兩個月的時間里，學習新知識，總結舊知識，查漏補缺，穩(wěn)固提高。在這個充滿熱情的季節(jié)，祝你學習輕松愉快.“句子成分”專題講解一、 考點、熱點回憶1、五種基本句子結構2，句子的成分劃分二、 單元重點、難點、考點精講1、 五種基本句子結構的特別句型2、 句子成分主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語。(一） 初中英語五種基本句子結構 S + V 即 “主 + 謂”。特點：謂語動詞是不及物動詞，本身能表達完整的意思，后面不需跟賓語，但有時可跟副詞，介詞短語等作狀語。Eg: He laughed. John has read wid

2、ely . He lives in Chengdu. S + V + O 即 “主 + 謂 + 賓”特點：謂語動詞是及物動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須跟一個賓語。Eg: Our team beat all the others. S + V + P 即“主 + 系 + 表”特點：謂語動詞是系動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個說明主語特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語，常見系動詞有be(am, is , are“是”)， become“成為”， get“變化“，turn，grow， look， feel， smell, taste, sound, seem, keep, stay等。Eg: The ro

3、se smells sweet. He is a math teacher. S + V + INO + DO.即“主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”。特點：謂語動詞有兩個賓語；這兩個賓語都是動作的對象或承受者，其中指人的間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。當間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時，通常要加介詞 for 或 to， 可跟說賓語的動詞有answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。Eg: He told me an interesti

4、ng story.Would you please give this book to me? S + V + O + OC.即“主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補”。特點：謂語動詞雖然有一個賓語，但意思還不完整，必須加上另外一個成分賓語補足語對賓語補充說明。可以用作賓語補足語的有：名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等。Eg : We must keep our school clean.S = Subject 主語 V=Verb 謂語動詞 P = Predicative 表語 O= Object 賓語 INO = Indirect Object 間接賓語 Do= direct objec

5、t 直接賓語 OC= object complement賓語補足語二句子成分主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語英語句子和漢語句子一樣，都是由單詞按照一定的規(guī)則所組成的。不同的詞類在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清楚不同詞類在句中充當哪些成分，才能正確分析、理解句子的含義，并能準確地遣詞造句，逐漸到達流利地說出地道的英語。 主語S：是句子要說明的人或物，是句子的主體。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動名詞等充當。1The car is running fast. (名詞)2） We are students. 代詞3） One of my classmates is from Che

6、ngdu. 數(shù)詞4） Its bad manner to spit in public. 不定式5） Eating too much is bad for your health. (動名詞) 注意： 假設不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語不定式或短語放在句后。 謂語: 說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分。一般由動詞充當。動詞分為： 實義動詞：play、go、run等。 連系動詞：be(am、is、are), smell、feel、see、find。 情態(tài)動詞：can、may、should、must、need 助動詞 ：do、does、did、be等。注意：謂語部分的劃分

7、。 實義動詞單獨作謂語、 連系動詞和表語一起構成謂語。 情態(tài)動詞與省略to的不定式結構合成謂語。 助動詞與動詞原形共同構成謂語。Eg: 1), He works in a factory. (實義動詞)。2), I felt cold . (系動詞 + 表語)3), I can speak English. ( 情態(tài)動詞 + 實義動詞)4), Do you speak English ? (助動詞 + 實義動詞)5), They are working in a field. (助動詞 + 實義動詞)注意：謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)方面要相互照應。賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定

8、式及動名詞等充當。1） He is doing his homework. (名詞)2） They did nothing this morning. ( 代詞)。3） She wants to go home. (不定式)注意： 有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give, buy, lend, pass, tell, leave等。 1), please give me your money. 2), Please give your money to me.直接賓語一般放在間賓之后，假設把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當?shù)慕樵~to 或for.有的動

9、詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。這類詞有：“want, wish, hope, promise, decide, chose, care等 + to do sth.”Eg: I hope to see you again.有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。如：Enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep on等Eg : I enjoy playing basketball.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞。一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或等充當。1), What a beautiful follower it is. 形容詞2), She is a chemis

10、try teacher. (名詞)3), There are two students in the classroom. (數(shù)詞)4), We have something to do tomorrow. (不定式)注意： 定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但假設修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語，不定代詞： something, everything, nothing, anything 等，則放在后面。狀語： 用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句。一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當。單個副詞作狀語放在被修飾詞之前。短語或從句在句首或句末：1), I get up at five in the mor

11、ning. (介詞短語)2), He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. ( 不定式)3), We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (從句)注意：enough 作狀語，能放在被修飾詞之后。表語： 用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受。一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當。常用連系動詞有：be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, taste.等1， They are workers. (名詞)2， Two and three

12、is five. ( 數(shù)詞)3， The story is very interesting. (形容詞)4， My job is teaching English. 動名詞5， She is at home. 介詞短語補語賓語補足語： 賓語與賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等。“賓補”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞充當。1), We elected him monitor . (名詞)2), I found it difficult to learn English.

13、 (形容詞)3), The doctor told me to do more exercise . (不定式)4), He is going to have his hair cut. (過去分詞)5), They saw a bird flying in the sky. (現(xiàn)在分詞)三、 典型例題分析句子結構1How can I get to the station? 2We enjoy playing football. 3I feel terrible.四、課堂練習勾畫并標注出以下句子的成分：1, I want to look for myself.2, He was wrong !

14、3, My friends give me a big football.4, My life will be letter.5, We have to wear a uniform to school. 1, Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronant.2, The teacher ask me to clean the classroom.3, She can speak English and Chinese.4, Predicting the future can be difficult.5, The head of one of the big

15、gest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.五、課后練習(一) 指出下例句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework

16、 without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There

17、 will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.

18、A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出以下句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D People all over the wor

19、ld speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the cl

20、ass.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四) 挑出以下句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D

21、 The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some peop

22、le forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it dif

23、ficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下例句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if