1.2重點句型語法剖析-2018-2019學年高二英語上學期人教版必修五同步復習全攻略含解析

1、重點句型語法剖析/三、重點句型剖析1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。(1) neither nor連接句中兩個相同的句子成分。連接并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則。CD Neither I nor Jack has_seen (see) the film before.我和杰克以前都沒有看過這部電影。(2)遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞：either or不是就是not only but also不僅而且not but不是而是Not only John and Tom but als

2、o their sister, Mary, takes(take) great interest in the piano lessons.不僅約翰和湯姆，而且他們的姐姐瑪麗也對鋼琴課非常感興趣。 Either you or one of your students_is (be) to _attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學生應該出席明天的會議。2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有成

3、千上萬驚恐的人病死。名詞詞組作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句的還有：(1)由 time 構成的名詞詞組：every/each time, the first/last time, next time, anytime 等。(2)the +瞬間名詞：the minute, the instant, the moment等，意為“一就”。 I think of the happy hours we spent together every/each time I see these photos.每次看到這些照片，我都會想起我們一起度過的美好時光。The first time I heard the p

4、lan he put forward, I felt very excited.我第一次聽到他提出的計劃時，感到很興奮。 Nexttime you_cometo_Beijing,be sure to let me know in advance.下次你來北京，務必提前告訴我。即時應用完成句子每當看到這張老照片，我就會想起我中學時的同桌。(every time) , I will think of my deskmate in middle school.【答案】Every time I see the old photo【解析】本題主要考查every time 的用法單選What time d

5、o we have to be at the gate?一 passengers are already boarding.A. HurriedlyB. SoonC. ImmediatelyD. Since【答案】C【解析】句意：我們應該什么時間到登機口？一一旦旅客們登機(我們就要到登機口bimmediately 作為連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意思是“一就'此句是一個省略句完整的句子是1& have to be at the gate immediately the pa5sengeis are already bearding®3. Only if you put t

6、he sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太陽放在中心位置上，太空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。這是一個倒裝句。“ only+狀語從句”放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝?！癘nly+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”位于句首時，句子或主句需用部分倒裝語序，但only若修飾主語則不用倒裝。易混詞組辨析例句only if只要，只有，通常引導陳述語 氣的真實條件句，是必要條件Only if you study hard will you pass the exam. 只后努力學習，你才會通過考試。i

7、f only但愿，要是就好了，常引 導虛擬語氣的條件句、感嘆句If only he hadn' t driven sofast!要是他駕駛得沒有那么快就 好了！1.Only if you master unique skills can you get close to these creatures and catch them.只有你掌握了絕招，你才可以靠近這些動物，捉住他們。2.1 nly when one is away from home does he realize how nice his home is.一個人只有離開家時，才會意識到家的溫暖。2.2 nly you

8、can help me.只有你能幫我。即時應用單選I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importanceof studies.A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize【答案】D【解析】句意：上學期我期末考試沒有及格，只有在那個時候我才意識到了學習的重要性。本題中only then 位于句首，虛構成部分倒裝結構，而我們考慮到then所指時間應為沒有通過期末考試的時候，故而應該用一般過去時。通過本題也提示考生在做倒裝結構的

9、題目 時仍須考慮動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致等問題。2. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰 斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。句中suggest表示“建議"，另外 suggest還有“表明；暗示”的意思 。其用法如下：suggest doing sth. suggest that sb. (should) do sth.(從suggest提議；建議句中常用虛擬語氣)sugg

10、est表明；暗示suggest that-clause( 從句中用陳述語氣) His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他的態(tài)度表明他對此一點也不感興趣。(2) Education experts suggest parents should be more careful when sending theiryoung children abroad.教育專家建議在把孩子送往國外時家長應該格外小即境活用My deskmate's sleepy look suggested that he tired

11、of his study and Isuggested he.我的同桌困倦的表情顯示他學習累了。我建議他休息一下?！敬鸢浮縲as;(should) have/take a rest【解析】本題主要考查suggest的用法四、重點語法剖析一、分詞的作用1、作定語(1) 單個分詞作定語，分詞前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the buildingA lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.(2) 分詞短語作定語，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞

12、something等要后置；個別分詞如give , left等作定語也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.(3) 過去分詞作定語與其修飾的詞是被動關系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、作狀語現在分詞和過去分

13、詞在句中可以作時間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件、結果等狀語。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didn ' t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(條件)Walking along the street, I ran

14、 across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didn ' t lose heart.( 讓步 )He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.(伴隨)He came running to tell me the good news.(方式)注意：(1) 選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是由主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就用現在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。試比較：(Being ) Used for a 10

15、ng time, the book 100ks 01d.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現這本書很有用。去很舊。Using the book, I find it useful.(2) 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致，如果不一致，就用獨立主格結構，即在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語?，F在分詞的完成式主要用于作狀語，一般 不用作定語。3、作表語現在分詞作表語多表示主語具有的特征，過去分詞作表語多指主語所處的狀態(tài)。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remain

16、ed standing beside the table.4、作賓語補足語分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動詞或使役動詞后作賓語補足語。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I can ' t make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.I ' ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。5、作插入語其結構是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generally

17、 speaking一般說來talking of (speaking of)說至 Ustrictly speaking嚴格地說judging from從 判斷all things considered 從整體來看 taking all things into consideration全面看來。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.總的來說， 狗比豬跑得快。過去分詞作定語和表語1,過去分詞作定語：表示"完成"

18、或"被動"。如： boiled water開水，fallen leaves 落葉，the risen sun升起的太陽，iced beer 冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒。2.過去分詞作表語：當“人”作主語時用過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等；而被動語態(tài)則表示被動的動作。過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時間上，表示動作已經發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關系。過去分詞作定語時，所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當于被動句中的主語，過去分詞相當于謂語。過去分詞作定語表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，已經完成并具有被動意義。有時也不表示時間性。作定語的過去分詞一般由及物動詞變來，因為只

19、有及物動詞才有被動意義。例如： He is a teacher loved by his students.他是個很受學生愛戴的老師。也有用不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語的情況，一般作前置定語，它不表示被動意義，只表示主動意義，強調動作完成。不能像及物動詞的過去分詞那樣放在名詞后面作定語。例 如 ：fallen leaves 落 葉retired workers 退 休 工人 the risen sun 升起的太陽注意下面過去分詞作定語的幾種情況：1 .單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。例如：We needed much more qualified workers.我們需要更多的合格

20、的工人。My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是個歸國的留學生。單個分詞也可以作后置定語，用以強調動作。例如：They decided to change the material used.他們決定更換使用的材料。2 .過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語，其作用相當于一個定語從句。例如：The studentdressed inwhite ismy daughter.=Thestudent whois dressedin whiteis my daughter.）穿白色衣服的學生是我的女兒。3 . 如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/a

21、ny/no + thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。例如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自從我離開 這個城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。4 .單個過去分詞前加一名詞或副詞，常用連字符將它們連接起來構成一個復合形容詞，放 在其修飾的名詞前，作前置定語。分詞前加的名詞表示分詞的動作或行為主體，所加的副詞 表示方式、時間、程度、性質等意義。例如： This is a state-owned factory.這是一家國營工廠。5 .作前置定語的某些動詞的過去分詞的形式與作謂語或表語的過去分詞的形式往往不一 樣。即時應用用動詞的適當形式完成句子1. We were very(interest)in the novel she gave us yesterday.2. She