語法專題六_動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)_(6)

1、專題六時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 英語中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)間主要有四個(gè)主要部分，即現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。動(dòng)作方面也有四種，即一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。中學(xué)課本中常見的時(shí)態(tài)有以下幾種：時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語動(dòng)詞(單數(shù)第三人稱 s或es)表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語 am (is，are)現(xiàn)在分詞表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)(1)主語will(shall)動(dòng)詞原形(2)主語 am (is, are) going to 動(dòng)詞原形表示在現(xiàn)在看來將

2、要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語have (has)過去分詞(1)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用。(2)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法一般過去時(shí)主語動(dòng)詞的過去式表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)或存在的狀態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語 was (were)現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過去將來時(shí)主語 would 動(dòng)詞原形表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去完成時(shí)主語 had 過去分詞既可以表示在過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某一

3、動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主語have (has) been 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。語態(tài) 語態(tài)是表示主語和動(dòng)詞之間語法關(guān)系及語義關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式，有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種形式。 英語中的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)是不可分割的，每種時(shí)態(tài)都有其相應(yīng)的語態(tài)形式 語態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語am(is, are)過去分詞The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被

4、動(dòng)語態(tài)主語am(is, are)being過去分詞My car is being repaired at present.現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 will(shall) be 過去分詞/主語 am(is, are) going to be過去分詞The new bridge will be completed at the end of the year.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 have(has) been 過去分詞I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 was

5、(were)過去分詞Marie Curie took little notice of the honors that were given to her in her later years.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 was (were) being 過去分詞I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語would be過去分詞The workers scented changes that would be made in the company.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 had been 過去分詞T

6、he new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.一、時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是英語語法的重中之重，因?yàn)樗鼈兣c句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子表達(dá)、語言邏輯緊密相連，無論是單選、完形、閱讀還是書面表達(dá)都離不開時(shí)態(tài)。高考試題中常對(duì)以下幾種情況進(jìn)行考查。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a

7、speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 注意：在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接用將來時(shí)態(tài)。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)主要用于表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去將來時(shí)主要用于表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

8、或存在的狀態(tài)。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意圖。如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 be going to；如果是說話時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的，則用will。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island

9、this winter.I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.That's all right. I will post it myself.3一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)或存在的狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩種用法：(1)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用。(2)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。We volunteered to co

10、llect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或在某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生了某事；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，側(cè)重動(dòng)作持續(xù)的長度。For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm climate. I hear he

11、was writing a book last year, but I don't know whether he has finished it.5一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法比較過去完成時(shí)既可以表示在過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作。它和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別主要在于時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

12、和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都可和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而過去完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然不屬于我們中學(xué)課本中常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)，但是在近幾年的高考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該引起我們的注意。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

13、表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.二、語態(tài)在高考試題中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)是重要考點(diǎn)之一。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，除了注意考查各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)外，還要注意以下幾種情況：1短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，切記不要漏掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Children in New China are taken good care of.The sick boy is being operated on now.2“get 過去分詞”形式“ge

14、t 過去分詞”也可表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)較口語化。He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.How do you get paid, by the day or by the hour?3主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義一些表示開始、結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞(start, begin, close, end等)和表示主語某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.This kind of apple tastes good and sells wel

15、l.4非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)The building to be built is a new cinema.The car being repaired is mine. 2013年高考英語試題-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)【2013北京】23. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made【2013北京】25. - Do you think Mom and Dad late

16、?- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. would beD. have been【2013北京】28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.A. expectB. are expectingC. have expectedD. will expect【2013北京】32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interviewB. are i

17、nterviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed【2013福建】23. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited【2013福建】26. The girl has a great interest in sport

18、 and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 【2013湖南】22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be【2013湖南】24. Around two oclock every night, Sue

19、will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered【2013湖南】26. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done【2013湖南】27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the ne

20、ws for the last three days. A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be【2013湖南】34. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing【2013江蘇】21. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations fr

21、om others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【2013江蘇】25. Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing【2013江蘇】34. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being

22、 widened, and we a rough ride.A. had B. have C. would have D. have had【2013江西】35.I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. comeB. cameC. am comingD. was coming【2013遼寧】22. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time.A. has had B. had had C.

23、has D. had【2013遼寧】30. We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved【2013山東】24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【2013

24、山東】27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving 【2013陜西】11. On Monday mornings it usually me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A. takes B. is taking C. took D. wi

25、ll take【2013陜西】17. Jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching【2013四川】3.Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us!A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting【2013天津】13. The w

26、ater supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing【2013新課標(biāo)II卷】7. We very early so we packed the night before.A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D.have left【2013新課標(biāo)I卷】24. If we now to protect the environme

27、nt, well live to regret it.A. hadn't actedB. haven't actedC. don't actD. won't act【2013新課標(biāo)I卷】27.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I my mind.A. have changedB. changeC. had changedD. would change【2013浙江】10. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in

28、 physical fitness programs _ sharply.A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【2013重慶】21. I felt very tired when I got home, and I straight to bed.A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone【2013重慶】33. A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and t

29、hen tours throughout Scotland.A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened【2013安徽】24. Im calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertised B. had advertisedC. are advertising D. will advertise2012年高考英語試題語法-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)【2012全國卷II】 Did you ask Sophia for

30、help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldntB. dontC. didntD. wont【2012全國卷II】 The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told【2012安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over t

31、he past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【2012安徽】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live【2012安徽】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest Am

32、erican supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【2012安徽】35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being deco

33、rated 【2012重慶】22.-Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take【2012重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running outC. have been ru

34、n out D. are being run out【2012全國】23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【2012全國】33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _before my eyes.A. swim B .swumC. swam D. had sw

35、um【2012北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting【2012北京】25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 【2012北京】29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Ye

36、s, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt【2012北京】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed【2012北京】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【201

37、2福建】24.When did the computer crash?- This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted【2012陜西】24. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?-Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will

38、fly C. will be flying D. am flying 【2012山東】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _working on his project.A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts【2012山東】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _.A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving【2012

39、湖南】22. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【2012湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 【2012湖南】27. “The moment _ so

40、on,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming 【2012湖南】33. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?-Sorry, I _ the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 【2012天津】2. The lett

41、ers for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 【2012天津】12. The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer.A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel【2012江西】26. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt

42、me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 【2012遼寧】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai.A. will be flying B. will flyC. have been flying D. have flown【2012遼寧】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on F

43、riday.A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid【2012四川】9. Did you catch what I said?Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering【2012四川】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being reb

44、uilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【2012浙江】13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon【2012浙江】16. Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but somethin

45、g unexpected _.A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up【2012江蘇】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners.A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met【2012江蘇】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off w

46、hen he quits than when he _.A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start2011-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.（2011·天津卷）4.On the next birthday.Ann married for twenty years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been2.（2011·天津卷）3.In the last few years thousands of films allover the word.A.have produced B. hav

47、e been producedC. are producing D. are being produced3.（2011·江西卷）30.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the offtive during the night.A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking4.（2011·江西卷）28.We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent inj

48、uryA.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put5.（2011·北京卷）27. That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking6.（2011·北京卷）21. Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World Wa

49、r.A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted7.（2011·天津卷）15. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come8.（2011·北京卷）32. Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has

50、 left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9.（2011·四川卷）9. All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 10.（2011·北京卷）23.Tom in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been wo

51、rking11.（2011·四川卷）19.What a mistake!Yes.I his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested12.（2011·全國II）9. If you don't like the drink you_just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered13.（2011·陜西卷）12.His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receviing C.