高中狀語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、 狀語(yǔ)從句思維導(dǎo)圖易考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在連接詞上，尤其要重視as, until, before, since, when, in case等連詞的各種語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。具體來(lái)說(shuō)主要包括：1 考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。要掌握各個(gè)連詞的含義及其用法，還有它們之間的區(qū)別。如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的連詞有while, when，as，as soon as，until，notuntil，before, after, since等；條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if，unless, in case,

2、on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等；結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有sothat(如此以至于), suchthat(如此以至于)等。2 考查固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法的連接詞。如：no soonerthan，hardlywhen，scarcelybefore，the moment/minute，directly。3 考查不同性質(zhì)的連詞在不同的語(yǔ)境中所表達(dá)的不同意義。如：as既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；where能引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句等。4 考查狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。主要考查在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)

3、從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)及用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法。5 考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。在時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，常常省略相同的主語(yǔ)或作主語(yǔ)的代詞it以及be動(dòng)詞，保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以省略it is。6 考查狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句意為“什么時(shí)候”；if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句意為“是否”等。1 狀語(yǔ)含義：修飾_詞、_詞、_詞或_，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分.二狀語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中做狀語(yǔ)的從句。結(jié)構(gòu)為：句子

4、+引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)。 如：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.3 狀語(yǔ)從句分類：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 方式狀語(yǔ)從句 比較狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句名稱常用連詞時(shí)間When, while, as,as soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcely.when, since(自從),once,whenever, before, after ,till, until, the moment(the minute, the

5、second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly,),by the time, every time, each time, as long as(=so long as)地點(diǎn)Where, wherever條件If, unless, once(一旦就),in case(that)（萬(wàn)一）,so long as(as long as),on condition that ,as far as(so far as)原因Because, since(既然),now that, as , ,seeing that(看到),considering

6、that(考慮到)結(jié)果Such(a, an)that, sothat, so, so that, that目的So that in order that, for fear that, in case（以防，以免）讓步Though, although, as, ever if= even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how no matter which

7、, no matter who, no matter whom, whether or not= whether or not(不管與否)比較Asas, not so/asas, morethan, lessthan方式As, just as, as if=as though練習(xí)題1.While I was walking along the street, I found many beatiful buildings ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, le

8、ts begin our meeting. （ ）4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( )7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )8. The old lady treats the boy as if he

9、were his own son. ( ) 9.He is taller than I am.( )一. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用1）When, while, as, 2）as soon as, hardlywhen/before , no soonerthan, scarcely.when,whenever3）since(自從),once, before, after ,till, until, 4）the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, the day,the year ,）by the time, every time, eac

10、h time,next time，any time . the first time ,the second time 5）immediately, instantly，directly),等詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：It was raining hard _ I got to school yesterday._ he was doing his homework, the telephone rang._ he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese _ he came to China._ he

11、finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.He was ill _ I saw him.No sooner had she heard the news _ he cried.1.連接詞when的用法小結(jié)1)when可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是_，也可以是_的。如： _ the film ended, they went back. _ I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2). When 常用于下列句式：意為“就在那時(shí)”。如

12、： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen3) when可以表“既然”，如： How can I help them to understand _ they wont listen to me?練習(xí)題-填空1.We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.2. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on t

13、he shoulder.3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.4. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.5. He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.2.連接詞while的用法小結(jié) 1. while可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“_”；引

14、導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是_，如： Please dont talk so loud_ others are working. 2. while作為并列連詞，意為“_”，表示對(duì)比。 Jane was dressed in brown _ Mary was dressed in blue. 3. while也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)，意為“_”；相當(dāng)于_ _ I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4 趁的情況趕緊做, 否則來(lái)不及了 Strike _ the iron is hot.練習(xí)1.T

15、he cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while2. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless3. _it is true that a students most important go

16、al is to do well in his or her studies, it doesnt need to be the only goal. A when B As C While D Before4. Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.(全國(guó))A. so that B. although C. while D. as if3.as用法小結(jié)1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊接著 發(fā)生，動(dòng)作無(wú)先后。 當(dāng)時(shí)候 一邊一邊 隨著 2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：_3.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：_4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：_, 必須用_5

17、.引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：asas_6.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：_ 7.介詞：_練習(xí)題猜測(cè)詞義，as用法小結(jié)1.As I left the house, I forgot the key._2. As I get older, I get more optimistic._3. He hurried home, looking behind as he went._4. As the weather is so bad, we have to stay home._5. You can do it as you like._6. Old as he is, he is still energetic._7.

18、He speaks English as fluently as a native speaker._4.比較while, when, as 類別作 用例 句asas表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí))The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí))when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。It

19、 was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))whilewhile意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike wh

20、ile the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁”)注意事項(xiàng)：a. as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車，有一個(gè)人向我走來(lái)。b. 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. c. 從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用whe

21、n 或while。例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁?。練?xí)題-用while, when, as 填空： _I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store. _ John arrived, I was cooking lunch. _ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grade

22、s _ he wont study? (他不好好學(xué)習(xí)卻能得高分，他是怎么做到的？When表示雖然) I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop. _ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. 對(duì)比練習(xí)1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talki

23、ng about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during5.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞除上述外還有： till, until和notuntil1.until/till從句用于肯定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，意為“_”。如： We waited until/till he came. 2用于否定句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“_”。如：He wont go to bed until her father returns.3till不可以

24、置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說(shuō)法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.練習(xí)題1. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the t

25、op students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that

26、B. until; thatC. until; when D. when; then6.連接詞before的小結(jié)說(shuō)出before含義1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land._2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired._3 Please write it down before you forget it._4 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me._before 的有關(guān)句型1）It will be/段時(shí)間bef

27、ore“還要過(guò)多久才” It will be two years before he leaves the country.2） It was +時(shí)間段+before 從句 （動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）It was three weeks before he came back3） It will not be long before“不多久就會(huì)”It wont be long before she comes back4） It was not long before“不多久就了” 如： It wasnt long before he left the country.5）It is時(shí)間since如： I

28、t is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army. 7. since的用法1）. I have returned home four times since I came here.2）. She has been working here since he left school.3）. I have seen her twice since he lived here.4）. It is three years since the war broke out.5）.

29、 It was years since I had seen her. 譯：_總結(jié)：It is +some time + since + did.It was +some time + since+ had done.練習(xí)題1. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD. as2. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicin

30、e on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when3. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after4. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A. before B. since C. after D. Because對(duì)比練習(xí) 1. It will be years

31、_ we meet again.2. It is ten years _ I came to this town.3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since8.hardly / scarcely When/before , no sooner than, as soon as表示“一就” ， once(一旦).如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 須倒裝。 Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it bega

32、n to rain._ I have finished it , Ill give you a call._ you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got into the country _ it began to rain.=_ when it began to rain.用部分倒裝)No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived _ she started complaining.9.directly, immediately,instantly , the mome

33、nt, the minute 一就He made for the door _he heard the knock.10.一些含有time的名詞短語(yǔ)，如the first /second/last time,every time, each time, next time, by the time等，也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.Next time you come, please bring your composition.注意：表示未來(lái)情況，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。在時(shí)間和條件從句中，主句

34、是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)或者用現(xiàn)在完成表示將來(lái)完成。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.Dont get off the bus until the bus has stopped .練習(xí)題1. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the momentC. sud

35、denlyD. although2. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 二. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句   引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從

36、句的連接詞有:If“如果”, unless 相當(dāng)于 if not“除非，如果不”, as /so long as只要, in case假使, 如果, provided/providing( that), 假如Suppose/supposing( that),假如,on condition that條件是As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知given ( that),鑒于、考慮1.if “如果”，表示正面的條件.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurr

37、y up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder, _you will succeed.Work harder,_ you wont succeed._ harder,you will succeed.2. on condition that, suppose(that), supposing (that)(假如)in case(萬(wàn)一),provid

38、ed (that), providing (that)倘若)等也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. You may borrow the book, _ that you do not lend it to others._ (that)I dont have a day off, what shall we do？_(that) there is no opposition, I will act as the representative of our school.練習(xí)題1._ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away fro

39、m the danger. A. Because B. As far as C. If D. Even if 2.I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. Ain case Bso that Cin order Das if 三. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞有though, although，even though, even if, as(倒裝),while(盡管)whoever, whatever, however, no matter=what/when/who/how, whether

40、oretc.1）though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面的從句不能有_，但是 可和(and)yet可連用。例如： Although its raining, they are still working in the field. He is very old, but he still works very hard. Though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。2） as引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。例如：Child as he was

41、, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though也可以用于倒裝，但其可倒裝可不倒裝。Child though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.3） ever if, even though即使。例如： Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4）  whetheror不管都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5）"no matter +疑問(wèn)詞"

42、; 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever" 。例如：  No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever     no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however（+形容詞/

43、副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）    注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。6)while也可一代讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“盡管” e.g.While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.練習(xí)題1. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless2.Allow children the space to voice their opinio

44、ns, _they are different from your own. A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though 3. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 4. The old tower must be saved, _the cost. Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 5. English and French are t

45、aught here. You can choose _ you like. A. no matter which B. whichever D. Whatever對(duì)比練習(xí)1. He would have a look at the bookstores_ he went to town.2. We decide to finish the work on time, _happens.3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.4. Ill give the book to _ lik

46、es English. A. whenever B. Whoever C. whatever D. however四 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由sothat ,so that或 suchthat引導(dǎo)。sothat與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：The boy is so young that he cant go to school. =He is such a young boy that he cant go to schoolThere is not much noise here so that I feel very comfortable. 2.sothat

47、,suchthat的區(qū)別：So為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，不能修飾名詞；such是形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：2)such+ a +adj名詞 +that clause such+（adj）+名詞復(fù)數(shù)3)so +adj./adv. +that clause4)so + many/few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +that clause much/little（少）+不可數(shù)名詞e.g.Mike is _ an honest worker that we all believe him.(= Mike is _honest an worker that we all believe him).It is

48、 _ good weather that we all want to go out. He earned _ little money that he couldnt support himself. Its not surprising that_ little child can manage it.  注意： so that表示目的和結(jié)果的區(qū)別：目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。They set out early so that they might arrive in time. （_）They set out

49、early so that they arrived in time.（_）五.原因狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞有because, since, now that,(既然) as和for比較because, since, as和for： 1）because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如：  I didnt go, because I was afraid.   Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由beca

50、use引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如：  He is absent today, because / for he is ill.  He must be ill, for he is absent today. 3)since表示對(duì)方已經(jīng)知曉，無(wú)需加以說(shuō)明的原因或事實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Ill do it for you since you are busy.4）now that意為“既然”，與since同義，但更突出事實(shí)本身。Now that I am well aga

51、in, I can go on with my work.5）as表示的往往是十分明顯的原因，聽者或讀者已經(jīng)知道或可以看出來(lái)，語(yǔ)氣較弱，比較口語(yǔ)化。As you object, Ill change my plan.六.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由so that, in order that, lest（以防，免得，以免）, for fear that（以防，免得，以免）, in case（以防，免得，以免）等詞引導(dǎo)。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點(diǎn)聲，別人就

52、能聽見了。 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他寫下了這個(gè)名字以免以后忘記。注意：a.目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。b.連接詞“in case， lest， for fear that”可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式通常為：“l(fā)est （in case， for fear that） + 主語(yǔ) + should + 動(dòng)詞原形”。Lest， for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通

53、常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Lest， for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他帶著雨衣以防下雨。I will not make a noise for fear that I （should/ might） disturb you.我不會(huì)做聲的，以免打擾你。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow （should） occur.在使用這以方法的時(shí)候要謹(jǐn)慎小心，以免發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。七. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由asas, not as/soas,than, the morethe more引導(dǎo)。1)as/soas e.g Tom is as tall as John. Tom is not so/as tall as John. 注意：asas既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句; soas只用于否定句。2)than e.g He runs faster than I