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1、2020 高考英語考點特殊句式倒裝句、感嘆句、強調(diào)句知識講解知識點一強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(一 )基本句型1.1 t is/was+被強調(diào)部分 +that/who如: It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled弓(調(diào)方式狀語)2. 一般疑問句形式:Is/Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他如: Was it at five o clock that he came back from work?3. 特殊疑問

2、句形式:特殊疑問詞+is/was it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他如: When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?4. 含有not.until.的強調(diào)句型:It is/was not until+ 被強調(diào)部分+that.。如: It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.(二 )強調(diào)謂語動詞強調(diào)謂語動詞時,要在所強調(diào)的謂語動詞前加助動詞do, does或did。如: The family did manage to send him to a te

3、chnical school.知識點二倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(一 )部分倒裝部分倒裝是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式:1. 當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時,常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語有:little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time,under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcer如: Not until he wen

4、t through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.2. 當(dāng) only 修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時,用部分倒裝。如: Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.3. so/neither/nor置于句首時,用部分倒裝。(1) “so+be助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人 或物,意為“也是如此"

5、。如: I ve got an enormous amount of work to do. So have I.(2) “neither/nor+be助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物,意為“也不這樣”。如: This is not my story,nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.4 .在so/suchthat.結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)“so+形容詞/副詞”或“such+名詞”位于句首時, 用部分倒裝。如: So suddenly did he catch the disease that th

6、e whole family were at a great loss.5 . 在 as/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的表語/狀語/動詞位于句首時,用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其前不加冠詞。如: Hard as they tried,they couldn t make her change her mind.6 .在非真實條件句中,條件句中的if省略時,助動詞had, were, should提到主語前面。如: Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.(二 )完全倒裝完全倒裝是指將謂語動詞完全提

7、到主語之前。1. 表示時間、地點和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away,out 等置于句首時,且主語是名詞,謂語動詞是不及物動詞,句子需用完全倒裝。此時 ,句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。如: The moment the bell rang,out rushed the children.注意:主語為人稱代詞時,則不倒裝。The moment the bell rang,out they rushed.2. 當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語位于句首,且主語是名詞,謂語動詞是不及物動詞時,為了避免頭重腳輕,句子需進行完全倒裝。如: Next doo

8、r to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.3. 有時為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強調(diào),將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首,構(gòu)成“表語 +系動詞+主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.知識點三其他特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(一 ) 省略句1 . 狀語從句的省略:當(dāng)時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it且從句中含be動詞時,可以省略狀語從句中的主語和 b

9、e動詞,構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu):連詞+形容詞/介詞短語/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式。如: Although small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.2 .不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中,為了避免重復(fù),可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語),只保留不定式符號to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be, have, have been通常保留這些詞。(2)but用作介詞,意為“除之外”時,前面有實義動詞do,后接不定式時,要省略to,但前面沒有實義動詞do時,后接的不定式不省略to。(

10、3)help后接不定式作賓語或賓語補足語時,可省略 to,也可不省略。如: They did nothing but watch TV last night.(二 ) 感嘆句感嘆句常用來表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語氣。常見句型:1. What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語=How+形容詞+a/an+單詞名詞+主語+謂語2. What+(形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語3. How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語4. How+主語+謂語如: What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.(三 )

11、 祈使句祈使句常用來表達命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you, 但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在動詞原形前加don t,也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常見句型:1 .祈使句+and+簡單句“如果就”2 .祈使句+or/otherwise+簡單句"否則”3 .名詞詞組(多含有more,another)+and+W單句“如果再就”。如:One more day, and I ll get everything ready.五個重要的固定句型:(1) “so/neither/nor+be/haVeft詞/情態(tài)動詞+主

12、語”表示 前一句中的內(nèi)容也適合于另一人或另一事物”。He came last night, so did I.如果表示對前面內(nèi)容的肯定,不使用倒裝句式。 It is hot today. So it is.此句型也可寫成It is/was the same with隹語或So it is/was with+主語. Tom is clever and he works hard. So it is with Jack.在“so+adj./advthat.句型中,'如果 so+adj./adv置于句首,主句用部分倒裝, that從句不倒裝。So clearly does he speak

13、English that he can always make himself understood.(3)在 “ not only.,but(also).句型中,如果” not only 置于句首,需將not only 引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝,但but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment willbe provided for people who need it.(4)當(dāng) “ not until.置于句首時,” until 從句的主謂不可倒裝,而只是主

14、句需要倒裝。Not until he returned did we have supper.在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,通常使用倒裝語序(表語/狀語/動詞原形+as+主語 )。Tired as he was,he still went on with his work.Try as he might,he didn t pass the exam. 易混點分不清主句還是從句使用倒裝的形式。在 not only.but also,hardly.when.等的句.子結(jié)構(gòu)中,帶有否定意義的詞匯的句子使用倒裝的形式,另一個句子不用倒裝句,不要混淆。即:not only,hardly等后面的句子使用倒

15、裝句,而 but also, when 后面的句子不用倒裝形式。not until和“only+狀語從句”放于句首的結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句使用倒裝,從句不用倒裝。真題演練1.1 t was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling itwas to have helped someone in trouble南真題)that解析:本題考查強調(diào)句型。句意:當(dāng)我們返回家的時候,我才意識到幫助 身處困境的人感覺真好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是一個強調(diào)句型,在這里強調(diào) 時間狀語,故填that。1.8 ach died in 1750, bu

16、t it was not until the early 19th century his musicalgift was fully recognized.(重慶真題)that解析:本題考查強調(diào)句型。句意:巴赫在 1750年去世,但是直到19世紀 初他的音樂天賦才得到完全認可。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該題是“It is/wasthat.” 句型,是一個強調(diào)句,所以填that。注:如果原句中含有“ notuntil”,在強調(diào)時間狀語時,將主句中的否定詞not 連同狀語一起提前。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized

17、 she was a famous film star.3 .I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,you?(重慶真題)didn,t解析:本題考查反意疑問句。句意:去年夏天我在倫敦待了兩周。那么 在逗留期間,你一定參觀過大英博物館,是吧?本句是一個反意疑問句,陳述 部分有表示推測的情態(tài)動詞 must,附加問句的動詞與must后的動詞一致,再根 據(jù)上一句中的last summer判斷,本空填didn't。注:反意疑問句由

18、兩部分構(gòu)成:前一部分用陳述句形式,后一部分是一個附 加在前一部分上的簡短問句。陳述部分用肯定形式時,附加問句部分用否定形 式,反之亦然。附加問句部分的動詞形式及主語由陳述句決定,而且主語必須 是代詞。4 . he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.(天津真題)Had解析:本題考查倒裝句型。句意:如果他趕上了早上的火車,他是不會開 會遲到的。結(jié)合句意可知,從句為對過去事實的虛擬,在非真實條件句中, if 可省略,句子要求倒裝,故答案為Had。5.It was the culture, rat

19、her than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad福建真題)that解析:本題考查強調(diào)句型。句意:正是文化,而不是語言使得他很難適 應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為強調(diào)句式中所缺部分that。去掉Itwas that,本句為:The culture, rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.6.Not onceit occur to Michael

20、 that he could one day become a topstudent in his class.湖南真題)did解析:本題考查倒裝句型。句意:邁克爾從來沒有想過有一天他會成為班 上的優(yōu)等生。句首有Not once,主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝,由從句的時態(tài)可知填did。注:否定副詞或短語 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首時,主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。如: Never before have I seen such a moving film.7.It was wit

21、h the help of the local guidethe mountain climber wasrescued.(l慶真題)that解析:本題考查強調(diào)句型。句意:正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下,那位爬山者 被營救了。此句去掉it was和空格處后句子依然成立,所以此句是強調(diào)句式,故 填that,強調(diào)的是句子的狀語部分。8. for a second,"the boy says, ;I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”(江蘇真題)did解析:本題考查倒裝句型。句意:這個男孩說:“我從來沒有懷疑過我爸爸 會來救我。”分析句子結(jié)

22、構(gòu)可知,句中有 Never for a second置于句首,所以句子 用部分倒裝,再結(jié)合 would come to.可知,這里說的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以 通過助動詞did構(gòu)成部分倒裝。注:含有否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(not, never, seldom, little, hardly, by nomeans, not until, on no condition, in no case, under no circumstances)于句首時, 句子要部分倒裝。課后小測1.It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the str

23、ength andselflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.that解析:句意:只有當(dāng)Dodd夫人成人后才意識到她的單親父親在養(yǎng)育自己 孩子過程中顯示的力量和無私。本句為強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)部分為after Mrs.Doddbecame an adult 故答案為 that。2.WasBill, who played basketball very well, helped the blindman cross the road?Yes, of course. He is always

24、ready to help others.(20l7蘇宿遷三校聯(lián)考)it; that解析:句意:是那個籃球打得非常好的比爾幫助那個盲人過馬路的嗎?是的,當(dāng)然是。他總是樂意幫助別人。第一句為強調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式,即 Is/Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他。3.It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot in common.that解析:句意:直到我們在一起待了幾個星期我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有許多共同之處。not until句式的強調(diào)有固定的句型,即 It is/was not

25、 untilthat。4.In my opinion, for one thing,it is to realize our value, our ideamattersa lot.that解析:句意:在我看來,一方面,是意識到我們的價值和思想更要緊。所 填詞與句首的it is一起構(gòu)成強調(diào)句式,被強調(diào)的是目的狀語,故填that。1.1 t rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.did解析:句意:大雨下了一整夜,直到今天早晨才停了下來。not until置于句首,后面的主謂語需用倒裝形式,本句介紹的是過去的事情,需

26、用一般過去 時,故設(shè)空處填did。6 .The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor he give it athought.will解析:句意:校長決不允許課程有任何變化,他也不會考慮一下。分析句 子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,否定詞nor位于句首,所以要用部分倒裝,再由前一句中的will可知答案。7 .Not until he left his home he begin to know how important the familywas for him.did解析:句意:直到離開家他才開始明白家庭對于他來說是多么重要。notuntil位于句首,主句用部分倒裝,根據(jù)時間狀語從句的過去時判斷本空填 did。8 .The ground is wet all over, so fm sure it must have

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