牛津上海版9A Unit4單元基礎(chǔ)及練習(xí)

1、.牛津上海版9A Unit 4. Words.1.bar n. 條，塊e. g. a bar of chocolate/soap 一條巧克力肥皂 The kids never eat candy bars. 孩子們從來不吃糖棒?！居颜x提示】bar還可表示“柜臺的意思。 e. g. It was so crowded I couldn't get to the bar. 人太多了，我無法擠到柜臺那兒。2. tiny adj. 很小的，微小的e. g. Ants are tiny insects. 螞蟻是非常微小的昆蟲。 Look! There is tiny worm moving to

2、wards me. 看！有只小蟲向我爬來。3. depend v. 依靠，依賴e. g. Try to guess. Do not depend on your dictionary all the time. 猜猜看。不要總是依賴你的字典。【知識拓展】That depends. 口要看情況而定。It all depends. 口要看情況而定。You may depend upon it. 口肯定無疑；放心好了。4. realize v. 意識到，認識到e. g. I didnt realize you were going to leave. 我不知道你準備走了。 Jackie realiz

3、ed that he had done wrong. 杰克意識到自己錯了?！局更c迷津】realize, understandrealize與understand是近義詞，共同的含義是“意識到，弄明白常常可以互換使用。e. g. But they don't realize/understand one important thing. 但是有一件重要的事他們不明白。The man laughed when he realized/understood what had happened. 那個人明白所發(fā)生的事情時便哈哈大笑了起來。另外，realize可以表示“實現(xiàn)。e. g. The

4、Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country. 中國人民必將實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化。而understand還可以表示“聽懂，理解。e. g. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them.英國人說話都能互相聽懂，可是他們講話我卻聽不懂。5. super超級的，極好的e. g. My father is a super cook. 我父親是個很好的廚師。 Thank you for inviting me here. We

5、really had a super time.謝謝你邀請我到這里來。我們真的度過了一段美妙的光陰。 You have done a super job, my dear son. 我親愛的兒子，你做得真好。【近義】great adj. 偉大的，非常的 excellent adj. 卓越的，極好的6. rarely adv. 很少的，罕有的e. g. People rarely eat snake in England. 英國人很少吃蛇。 They can calculate very fast and rarely give wrong answers. 他們能計算得很快并且很少犯錯誤。 【

6、友誼提示】rarely的頻繁程度要比seldom低，但比hardly ever高。7. type v.用文字處理系統(tǒng)或打字機打字，打印 e. g. I can't type as rapidly as you. 我打字打得沒你那么快。 Every day he typed what he composed. 他每天都用打字機把他創(chuàng)作的作品打下來?！局R拓展】type還可以表示“類型，典型。e. g. The type of skirt is all the go. 這種裙子很時髦。 He is a fine type of the youth. 他是青年人的一個典范。type在解釋為“

7、典型時，它的形容詞形式是typical。e. g. The picture is typical of its kind. 這幅畫在同類繪畫中有代表性。8. importantly adv. 重大地；重要地e. g. More importantly, we should use the computers to improve our studies. 更重要的是，我們應(yīng)該使用電腦采進步我們的學(xué)習(xí)。【知識拓展】unimportantly adv.不重要地 important adj. 重要的；重大的 importance n. 重要性9. operate v. 1操作；運轉(zhuǎn)e. g. Do

8、you know how to operate this new recorder? 你知道如何使用這部新的錄音機嗎？ Nearly all the tractors operate on diesel oil. 幾乎所有的拖拉機都用柴油開動。2 動手術(shù)e. g. The doctors operated on her stomach. 醫(yī)生給她的胃動了手術(shù)。【友誼提示】“給某人做手術(shù)常用詞組operate on sb。e. g. Did you operate on that patient? 你給那位病人做手術(shù)了嗎？10. meaning n. 意義，含義e. g. It doesn

9、9;t seem to have much meaning.似乎無多大意義?！局R拓展】mean v. 意謂，用意 meaningful adj. 意味深長的 meaningless adj. 無意義的11. true adj. 符合事實的，確實的，如實的，真實的e. g. All the rumours turned out to be true. 所有的傳聞結(jié)果都確有其事?！局R拓展】true的反義詞是false。e. g. The actor in role of an old man wears false whiskers. 扮演老頭的演員戴著假胡子。12. raise v. 提出e

10、. g. I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.我想向會議主席提一個問題，但立即我又沒有了勇氣?！局R拓展】我們還學(xué)過這個詞的一些其他用法。e. g. Please raise your hands if you have questions. 有問題請舉手。 We will raise some money for SPCA. 我們將為動物保護協(xié)會集資。 People often raise dogs as their pets. 人們常將狗作為寵物來飼養(yǎng)。與raise詞形比較

11、接近的一個詞是rise，意為“上升，升起，是不及物動詞，過去式、過去分詞為rose, risen。e. g. What causes sea level to rise? 什么引起海平面上升？The sun rises in the east. 大陽從東方升起。13. obey v. 服從，遵守；順從e. g. He had always obeyed his parents without question. 他對父母一向絕對服從。 All I had to do now was to obey him in silence. 這時，我要做的只是默默地服從他。14. programl n.

12、程序e. g. All these programs are software. 所有的這些程序都是軟件。2 v. 編程e. g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.請給電腦編制一個程序，以便進展這項工作代替手工操作。【知識拓展】programmer n.計算機程序編制員，程序設(shè)計師15. command n. 指令; 命令e. g. The computer will obey your commands quickly. 計算機可以很快的聽從你的指令?！局R拓展】command還可作動

13、詞，表示“命令。e. g. He commanded his man to retreat. 他命令手下撤退。 She commanded the release of the prisoners. 她下令釋放囚犯。 command較正式用詞，強調(diào)權(quán)威性、全局性和強迫性。 order: 普通用詞，側(cè)重指詳細的命令。 direction: 正式用詞，指口頭或書面的指示或命令。內(nèi)容不一定詳盡，語氣較緩和，不太強調(diào)強迫性。也可指指導(dǎo)性的說明。instruction:書面用詞，指不容違背、不容推翻的命令。也多指包含詳細說明的指示。16. drive n. 驅(qū)動器e. g. hard-disk driv

14、e硬盤驅(qū)動器 floppy-disk drive軟盤驅(qū)動器 CD-ROM drive光盤驅(qū)動器17. over超過 e. g. The girl donated over 100 books to the children in Wenchuan district.那個女孩子向汶川地區(qū)的孩子們捐贈了100多本書。The old man is over 90. 這位老人90多歲了?！局R拓展】在初中階段，over用作介詞的用法還有：1在之上反義詞是undere. g. There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。2普及e. g. There are tree

15、s all over our school. 我們學(xué)校遍地是樹。 You should go over your lessons carefully. 你應(yīng)該仔細地復(fù)習(xí)功課。3over prep.指時間在期間e. g. I stayed at home over the holidays. 假期中，我一直在家。18. writing n. 作品，著作；筆跡e. g. the writings of Lu Xun 魯迅的作品 I can never read your writing. 我怎么也看不明白你的筆跡?！窘x】works n. 作品【知識拓展】write v. 寫，寫作 writer

16、n. 作家. Daily expressions. 日常表達1. common knowledgee. g. Its common knowledge that English is widely used in the world. 眾所周知，英語在世界上廣泛使用。common adj.常見的，普遍的； knowledge n. 理解，知道；知識，學(xué)問e. g. Smith is a common name in England. 史密斯在英國是個很普通的名字。 The English and Australians have a common language. 英國人和澳大利亞人使用共同

17、的語言。 My father has a good knowledge of European history. 我的父親對歐洲歷史非常理解。這三個詞都含有“普通的意思。1 common強調(diào)梯常見的，缺乏為奇的"。e. g. Colds are common in winter. 感冒在冬天很常見。2 ordinary強調(diào)“平常的，平淡無奇的。e. g. His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。 3 general意為“普遍的，一般的。e. g. This book is intended

18、 for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書是為一般讀者寫的，不是為專家寫的。2. for the time being暫時e. g. You 'll have your own office, but for the time being you'll have to share one. 你很快就有自己的辦公室了，不過暫時還得與別人合用一問。 Your wages will be$5,000 a month for the time being. 你目前的工資暫定為每個月5000美元。 We had to canc

19、el off the plan for the time being. 我們不得不暫時取消這個方案。3. able to能，會e. g. The athlete is able to jump two metres. 這位運發(fā)動能跳兩米高?！局R拓展】able的名詞形式是ability，解釋為“才能，力量。e. g. She has no ability in that kind of work. 她沒有做那種工作的才能。The ability to use a language can be acquired by the act of using the language.運用語言的才能只

20、能通過不斷練習(xí)才能獲得。4. have nothing to do無事可做e. g. I have nothing to do on this Wednesday. 這周三我沒有什么事情可做。 I have nothing to do at the moment. 此刻我無事可做?！局R拓展】have nothing to do with與無關(guān)e. g. Tears have nothing to do with sadness. 眼淚和悲哀沒有關(guān)系。5. be unaware of未注意到 be aware of注意到e. g. I was unaware of your presence.

21、 我不知道你在場。 The student was unaware of his mistake. 這個學(xué)生還沒意識到自己的錯誤。 She seemed unaware of all the trouble she had caused. 她似乎還沒有覺察到她所引起的費事。6. be better than atdoing sth 比更擅長于做某事e. g. Alice may be better than Mike, Tom and John at teaching English at school.艾麗斯可能比馬克、湯姆和約翰更擅長于在學(xué)校教英語。7. for these reasons

22、由于這些原因 e. g. For these reasons, I can't go on with my studies any more. 由于這些原因，我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。 For these reasons, they decided to give up their plan. 由于這些原因，他們打算放棄他們的方案。8. millions of成千上萬的; 無數(shù)的 e. g. There are millions of species animals. 而動物種類有幾百萬種。 注意：類似的用法還有：hundreds of ，thousands of，billions of e.

23、g. The flood claimed hundreds of lives. 水災(zāi)奪走了數(shù)百人的生命。 A computer consists of thousands of components. 電腦由成千上萬個部件組成。The company produces billions of cars a year.公司每年消費數(shù)十億輛車?！倦S堂小練】. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms1. Do you live on the twelve floor in this block?2. Mill

24、ions ofvisit come to Shanghai for shopping and sightseeing every year.3. More important, the computers can operate railways and fly aeroplanes and spaceships.4. She is a famousheadmaster.5. lucky, I caught the last underground.6.Thank you for yourkind.【Keys】1. twelfth 2. visitors 3. importantly 4. h

25、eadmistress 5. Luckily 6. kindness . Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentenceA. right away B. happened to C. as large as D. works E. set up F. not polite G. was to be given 1. I don't understand how this machine operates. 2. The government

26、 decided to build a modern hospital there. 3. Last Sunday, I chanced to meet an old friend of mine. 4. It's rude to point at others when you speak. 5. Is your school the same size as theirs? 6. Let's set out immediately so that we can get there in time.【Keys】l. D 2. E 3. B 4. F 5. C 6. A Imp

27、ortant Sentences structures.1. What will happen to us if computers can do our jobs? 這里是一個條件狀語從句，if引導(dǎo)的從句用了一般如今時表將來，what引導(dǎo)的主句用了將來時。e. g. We will go to the park if it is not rainy tomorrow. 假如明天不下雨，我們就去公園。happen to在這里表示“發(fā)生。e. g. It can happen to anyone. 這事可能發(fā)生在任何人身上。2. For these reasons, we often call

28、them electronic brains.call后面可以跟雙賓語。call v.稱，叫，把稱為叫作e. g. You may call me David. 你可以叫我大衛(wèi)。We call it Mimi. 我們管它叫咪瞇。【知識拓展】call v. 打 給e. g. Call me this afternoon.下午給我打個 。call n. 一次 e. g. give sb a call打 給某人call out大聲叫喊e. g. call out to sb向某人大聲叫喊call up給打 e. g. Please call me up at any time. 請隨時給我打 。ca

29、ll on號召e. g. call on sb to do sth號召某人做某事3. They may be better than doctors, judges and teachers at doing their jobs. 句中有一個重要詞組be good at，意為“擅長某事，后接名詞或動名詞。e. g. Are you good at English? 你擅長英語嗎？ Mary is good at skating. 瑪麗擅長滑冰。good為原級，比較級、最高級分別為better、best，需要注意的是，副詞well的比較級和最高級也是better、best。e. g. Your

30、 brain can understand the meaning of things better. 大腦對問題的理解更深化。這里是副詞well的比較級 He is better than me at Chinese. 他語文比我好。這里是形容詞good的比較級 Will computers make our lives better? 電腦將使我們的生活更好嗎？這里是形容詞good的比較級l be good at 意為“在方面做得好；擅長，其反義詞組為be weak/poor in/at “在方面很差。后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。 e. g. He is good at singing

31、. 他擅長唱歌。 Sam is weak/poor in/at high jump.薩姆不擅長跳高。2be good to意為“對友好，后一般接表示人的或人格化的名詞。 e. g. She is good to me.她對我很好。3be good for意為“對有好處。 e. g. Doing morning exercise every day is good for your health.每天做早操對你的安康有好處。【隨堂練習(xí)】I. Choose the best answer 1. The filmfor ten minutes when I entered the meeting-r

32、oom.A. has begunB. had beenC. has been onD. had been on 2. Steam is seen from the wet clothes when they are hung near a fire.A. rises B. risingC. raiseD. raising 3. The SPC wants to raisemoney to look after the animals.A. a lotB. a great manyC. a large amount of D. a great number of 4. My ambition i

33、s to be a scientist. How about?A. you B. yourC. yoursD. yourself 5. We totally dependour parents.A. with B. ofC. onD. about 6. There are onlydays before the Mid-term examination.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few 7. Would you mind my keeping the windows?A. openB. openingC. openedD. opens 8. I rememb

34、er the key to my bicycle in my bag. But it is gone.A. puttingB. to putC. putD. to have put 9. What he is in charge ofthe reading contest. He's good at reading.A. to organize B. organize C. is to organizeD. is organize 10. The chicken isexpensive and eatingis bad for our health.A. much too; too m

35、uchB, too much; much tooC. too much; too much D. much too; much too 11. My watch isn't working now. I must have it_.A. repairB. repairedC. repairingD. to repair 12. I am wondering.A. how does Disneyland lookB. how Disneyland looks likeC. what does Disneyland looks likeD. what Disneyland looks li

36、ke【Keys】 l. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5.C 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D. Rewrite the sentences as required1. People can hardly live without water for three days. 改為反義疑問句 People can hardly live without water for three days,?2. Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player in Houston Rocket. 寫出同義句Yao Ming

37、isthan basketball player in Houston Rocket.Yao Ming isthan basketball players in Houston Rocket. in Houston Rocket is taller than Yao Ming.3.Computers are accurate enough to describe the exact figure of the suspect. 寫出同義句Computers areaccuratethey can describe the exact figure of the suspect.【Keys】1.

38、 can；they 2. taller；any other; taller；the other; Nobody else 3.so；that Step 5: Grammar.形容詞的比較級和最高級一意義兩個事物進展比較時，常用比較級形式，三者以上進展比較時常用最高級形式。e. g. This computer is cheaper than that one.這個電腦比那個廉價。He is the tallest in our class. 他是我們班中最高的。二構(gòu)成形容詞比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成：1.一般情況下直接加er，est。e. g. 如：tall-taller-tallest2. 以e結(jié)

39、尾的詞直接加r，st。e. g. 如:nice-nicer-nicest3. 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫最后一個字母加er，est。e. g. big-bigger-biggest 4. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞將y變i 加er，est。e. g. heavy-heavier-heaviest5. 特殊變化應(yīng)分別記憶。e. g. good-better-best.6. 多音節(jié)形容訶比較緩和：最高級分別在其前加more，most。e. g. expensive-more expensive-most expensive三用法1. 形容詞比較級常用于than構(gòu)造中。e. g. This ri

40、ver is longer than that one.這條河比那條河長。2. 形容詞最高級常用于of或in構(gòu)造中。e. g. This book is the best of the three. 這本書是三本中最好的。 Who is the fastest f runner in your school? 誰是你學(xué)校中最快的賽跑者？【例1】Thanks to the new inventions, our lives are much than before. A. convenient B. more convenient C. most convenient D. the most c

41、onvenient【答案】B【例2】In Changsha，it's hot in July, but it's even in August.A. hot B. hotter C. hottest【答案】B【例3】Lee came to Beijing in 2019. He has been here than you. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest【答案】B 2020 河北She always does her homework than her brother. A. more careful B. carefu

42、l C. more carefully D. carefully【答案】C【例5】-Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?-OK. But a dress might be . A. good B. better C. bad D. worse【答案】B【例6】The boy doesn't speak his sister, but his written work is very good.A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more w

43、orse than【答案】AReading and Writing. Reading comprehensionAComputer users are being warned by industry experts專家 to pay attention to secret codes which could be used to record their conversations.E-mail， screensavers， and electronic greeting cards can carry a secret code which is able to turn on the c

44、omputer's microphone， make a recording, and forward轉(zhuǎn)遞it to someone else without the user's knowledge.In fact any attachment附件 sent to a computer, whether it is a game of Space Invaders, or a moving picture, can possibly be used to spy.Experts say people should always think twice about openin

45、g attachments because not only common-bugging 竊聽can but has been done by computer.Bill Lyons， head of the Internet Security Company Finjian, said ，people in the army have tested this and you can be sure, if people in general are aware知道of it, then computer hackers are aware of it. The frightening th

46、ing is that there are tools on the Internet which people, using a simple search method, can find, and which will enable them to attach this dangerous code to simple attachments.True or False 1. Industry experts are warning computer users to pay attention to secret codes. 2. E-mail, screensavers, and

47、 electronic greeting cards can only carry a secret code but they can't forward to someone else without the user's knowledge. 3. People can use both games and moving pictures for spying. 4. Tools are not so easy to find if computer hackers want to bug. 5. "To think twice about doing"

48、; refers to "to think carefully before deciding to do something". 6. Computer users are still safe because the people in the army have tested the ways to protect them.【Keys】l. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F BThe Internet is becoming important in our life. How much do you know about it?What is

49、the Internet?The Internet is a large, worldwide collection of computer networks網(wǎng)絡(luò). A network is a small group of computers put together. Different networks from all over the world make up the Internet. Once you have learned to use the Internet， you can have a lot of fun on the World Wide Web萬維網(wǎng).What is the World Wide Web?The World Wide Web has been the most popular development of the Internet. The web is like a big electronic book with millions of page