倒裝句講解及練習(xí)

1、倒裝句英語句子的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后，這種語序稱作正常語序或自然語序。但有時出于語法或達(dá)到某種修辭目的(強(qiáng)調(diào)、承上啟下、平衡等)的需要，要把謂語動詞放在主語前面，這種語序稱作倒裝(Inversion)語序。將謂語動詞完全移至主語之前，稱完全倒裝(Full Inversion)；如果只是把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前，稱為部分倒裝。1. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝在“there be”(或there + appear to be，come，exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, use

2、d to be) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如：There were many students in the reading room in this evening. There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.There seems to be a lack of communication.There remained a few jobs still to be finished.There stand a line of guards in front of the

3、gate.2. here，there，now，then，thus等引起的倒裝在以here, there, now, then等簡短副詞引起的句子中(前三個須用一般現(xiàn)在時)，動詞往往是be, come, go, run, lie等，這類句子大多帶有引起注意的含義。如： Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你久盼的信在這兒。There goes the bell.但要注意：如果主語是代詞，則不用倒裝。如： Here they are. 他們在這兒。3. 省略if的非真實條件狀語

4、從句中的倒裝在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語含有were， had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you.Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad.Should he come （=If he should come），tell him to ring me up.Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.Were he bette

5、r qualified, he would apply for the position. 4. 副詞so，neither，nor等引起的倒裝在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不”這一類結(jié)構(gòu)里其公式是:肯定: so + be / have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。如：He has been to Beijing.他去過北京。 So have I.我也去過。They cant answer the question.他們不會回答這個問題。 Neither than I.我也不會。5. what，how引起的倒裝以Wh

6、at, how開頭的感嘆句(表語或賓語提前)。如：What beautiful weather (it is)! 多好的天氣??！(表語提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他畫了一張多好的畫??！(賓語提前)6. 疑問詞或連接詞引起的倒裝在疑問詞或連接詞whether等引起的從句中。如：Whatever you may say, I wont go there.無論你怎樣說，我都不會去那兒。(狀語從句中賓語提前)What book he wants is not clear. 他要什么書還不清楚。(主語從句中賓語提前)7. 否定詞位于句首時引起的倒裝(1). n

7、ever，seldom，hardly，little，few等引起的倒裝否定詞never，seldom，rarely，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，few等位于句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他對這個會議的重要性不甚了了。Never/Seldom has there been so

8、 much protest against the Bomb.(2). nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒裝nowhere(無處)，no longer(不再)，no more(也不)等否定詞位于句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式： No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再負(fù)責(zé)這項工作了。Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US.'She didn't know the rea

9、son for his leaving.' 'No more do I (=neither do I).'(3). not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒裝not until(直到才)，not a(一個也沒有)，not in the least(一點(diǎn)兒也不)，not for a minute/moment(一點(diǎn)兒也不)等位于句首時，通常引起倒裝(not a之后的名詞作主語時除外)，其形式通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： Not until all the demands had b

10、een turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之后，工人們才決定罷工。 Not once did he talk to me. 他一次也沒有和我談過。Not a word did he say. 他一句話也沒說。Not in the least am I afraid of you any more.(4). under no circumstances，by no means，in no way，at no time等引起的倒裝in/under no circumstances (無論如何不)，by n

11、o means (決不)，in no case (無論如何不)，in no way (決不)，on no account (決不可)，on no condition(決不)，at no time（永不., 在任何時候都不）等短語位于句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： In no case must force be resorted to. 決不準(zhǔn)許訴諸武力。 By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well. 絕非所有的

12、英國人都通曉本國語。At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.Under no circumstances would he change his mind.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你無論如何都不該把錢借給他。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要給你錢，你可絕不能接受。In no case should you give up. 你絕不能放棄。On no conditio

13、n should we tell her about it. 我們絕不能把此事告訴她。No way will I go on working for that man. 我再也不給那個人工作了。8. 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞位于句首時引起的倒裝(1). not only.but also引起的倒裝not only.but also位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時形式或一般過去時形式，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to o

14、vercome them. 我們不僅應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且應(yīng)該盡最大努力去克服它們。Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不僅來了，而且還見到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type.她不但會說西班牙語，還會打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easi

15、ly. 不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他們不但做了音樂表演，而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史.(2). neither.nor引起的倒裝neither.nor位于句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： Neither Peter wanted the respon

16、sibility，nor did his wife. 彼得不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任，他妻子也不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任。(3). hardly.when/no sooner.than引起的倒裝hardly/scarcely/barely.when或no sooner.than位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他剛到就又被請走了。(4). so.that引起的倒裝so.that位于

17、句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如： So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldnt speak.他如此憤怒，以致說不出話來。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他們吃得太多了，一個小時都動彈不得。So loudly did he speak that even

18、people in the next room could hear him.他講話聲音太大，隔壁的人都聽得見。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。類似地，當(dāng)suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)的such置于句首時，such后的句子也要使用部分倒裝。Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe

19、 him. 他像個很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。(5). such.that引起的倒裝such.that位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。9. only引起的倒裝：當(dāng)副詞only位于句首并修飾狀語或賓語時，引起句子的倒裝，其形式通常為部分倒裝，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝。如： Only in this way ca

20、n you solve this problem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個問題。 Only yesterday did I finish this the book.到昨天我才讀完那本書。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那時我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽到他。注意，在only后作狀語的是從句時，從句不要用倒裝，要部分倒裝的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨

21、時才覺得涼爽一點(diǎn)。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當(dāng)他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機(jī)損壞的嚴(yán)重程度。10. 表語位于句首時所引起的倒裝當(dāng)作表語的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等位于句首時，常常引起倒裝，其形式為完全倒裝：Aristotle says，“Plato is dear to me，but dearer still is truth.” 亞里

22、斯多德說，“吾愛柏拉圖，但更愛真理?！盤resent at the meeting were Professor Smith，Professor Brown，Sir Hugh and many other celebrities. 到會的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及許多其它知名人士。At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book書的前部有目錄，詳列了書的內(nèi)容11. 狀語位于句首時所引起的倒裝(1). 當(dāng)位于句首的狀語是一些表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語或表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞（如

23、away，back，down，in，off，out，up）時，常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如： Away went the runners.賽跑手們刷地跑開了。 Down came the rain.雨嘩地落下來了。Ahead sat an old woman. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Round and round flew the plane. 飛機(jī)盤旋著。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 門開了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來。Down came the rain and up went t

24、he umbrellas. 下雨了，傘都撐起來了。注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝：Away they went.(2).介詞短語作地點(diǎn)狀語，放在句首，后面跟的是不及物動詞be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等時常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如： Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。 At the South Pole lies Antarctica, the coldest and most desolate region on earth.12. 狀語從句中的倒裝(1

25、).讓步狀語從句中的倒裝as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝：在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，位于句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞，還可以是謂語動詞的一部分，從而形成從句的部分倒裝。如： Tires as he was, he continued the work.雖然他累了，但是仍然繼續(xù)工作。(2).方式狀語從句中的倒裝as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句一般為正常語序，但是，如果主語比謂語長，可將謂語動詞置于主語之前，形成完全倒裝。如： He believed，as did all his family，that the king was the supreme lord. 他和他全家人一樣，都認(rèn)為國王是至高無上的

26、君主。(3).比較狀語從句的倒裝than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的倒裝：由than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句一般為正常語序。但是，如果主語較長，可將謂語動詞置于主語之前，形成完全倒裝： Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 內(nèi)布拉斯加西部地區(qū)的降雪通常比東部地區(qū)少。13. the more.，the more.結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝在以the more.， the more.引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用部分倒裝；如果主句的主語較長，可將謂語動詞置于主語之前，形成完全倒裝。如：The more books you

27、read（賓語提前），the wider your knowledge is（表語提前）14. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。15.其它倒裝形式1）Such is lif

28、e之類的倒裝：這類句子中的 such 其實為表語，真正的主語是其后的 life。如：Such is his nature. 他的本性就這樣。Such were his words. 這就是他所說的話。2）表示祝愿的句子的倒裝May you succeed! 祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中華人民共和國萬歲！3）以頻度副詞開頭引出的倒裝：以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等頻度副詞位于句首，且表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，用部分倒裝；但若不強(qiáng)調(diào)時，也可不用

29、倒裝。如：Often did we warn him not to do so. 我曾常常警告他不要那樣做。Often he walked. 他過去經(jīng)常步行。Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted. 這時我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房間去。倒裝練習(xí)第一部分1. _can you expect to get a pay rise.  A. With ha

30、rd work         B. Although work hard   C. Only with hard work    D. Now that he works hard 2. _, mother will wait for him to

31、 have dinner together. A. However late is he               B. However he is late  C. However is he late       D.

32、60;However late he is3. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize  B. the villagers realized   C. t

33、he villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 4. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt realize          B.&#

34、160;did I realize   C. I didnt realize       D. I realized  5.Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _.   A. nor dont I ca

35、re                 B. nor do I care  C. I dont care neither         D. I dont care also 6. Only 

36、;by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to waste much time. A. you can   B. can you     C. you will   D. will you  7. Not u

37、ntil the early years of the19th century _ what heat is.  A. man did know          B. man knew   C. didnt man know      &

38、#160;         D. did man know 8. _got into the room _ the telephone rang.  A. He hardly; then                B

39、. Hardly had he; when  C. He had not; than              D. Not had he; when 9. _ snacks and drinks，but they also brought card

40、s for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.  A. Not only they brought     B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they  

41、0;D. Not only they did bring 10.I dont think I can walk any further. _, Lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither can I         B. Neither do I&

42、#160;  C. I didnt think so              D. I think so     11. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we   B. w

43、e could   C. can we     D. we can 12. Hardly _ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived               B. arriv

44、ed he   C. he had arrived               D. did he arrive  13. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle Sch

45、ool. _. A. It was the same with Mike        B. So it is with Mike C. So is Mike          D. So does Mike 14. _, I w

46、ould have given you his address. A. If you asked me           B. You had asked me C. Should you have asked me    D. Had you a

47、sked me 15. _ that they had made an important discovery in science. A. Little they realized       B. They had realized little C. Little did they realize  &

48、#160;    D. Little had they realized  16. _ that I couldnt be absorbed in the work. A. They made such talked    B. So loudly they talkedC. It was

49、 noise outside      D. Such a loud noise did they make 17. Many a time _ me good advice. A. he gave            B. d

50、oes he give   C. he has given          D. has he given 18. _ have I seen a better performance. A. Everywhere     B. Nowhere e

51、lse   C. Everywhere else     D. Nowhere 19. Not a single word _ at the beginning. A. did he say   B. has he said C. he said D. he has&#

52、160;said 20. Only in an hour ago _ out why he was absent. A. did the teacher found        B. the teacher found  C. did the teacher find 

53、0;    D. had the teacher found 21. _the plane. A. Flew down         B. Down flew   C. Down was flying      D. Down fly 2

54、2. Hardly _ when the bus suddenly pulled away. A. they had got to the bus stop  B. they got to the bus stop C. did they get to the bus stop  D. had

55、60;they got to the bus stop23. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. A. If         B. Unless   C. Had   D.

56、60;When 24. Not only _ a promise, but he also kept it. A. had he made           B. he had made   C. did he make     

57、0;    D. he makes 25. _I would see you here. A. Little I dreamed    B. Little do I dream  C. I dreamed little   D. Little did I dream 26.

58、60;There _ . A. come they              B. they come  C. they are come          D. they will come  27.  _&

59、#160;that he could not speak for a long time. A. So frightened was he       B. So frightened he was   C. Was he so  frightened     

60、;  D. Frightened was he 28. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. A. will he realize    B. he did realize   C. did he r

61、ealize      D. should he realize 29. Only when you have finished your homework _ go home. A. can you    B. would you    C. you will

62、0;   D. you can 30. Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. A. would I make       B. did I make  C. I did 

63、make       D. shall I make   第二部分1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realizeB. did I realize C. I didn't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to master the lang

64、uage. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you3. If you don't go，neither _. A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left. A. had I got， whenB. I had got， thanC. had I got， thanD. did I get， when5. - Your father is very strict with you.- _. He never lets o

65、ff a single mistake of ours A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he6. _ today，he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life _ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seen D. d

66、id I hear or see8. - Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu？ - There _. A. comes the bus， is heB. comes the bus， he is C. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is9. _ ，I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much10. - I like football. I don't li

67、ke volleyball. - _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with meD. So is it with me11._ the expense，I _ to Italy.A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for， would goC. Weren't it for， will goD. If it hadnt been， would have gone12. So _ in the darkness that he didnt' dare to move an inch.A. h

68、e was frightenedB. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes.-Yes，_ and _boys. After all，our life has greatly improved.A. so do they； so do youB. so they do； so you doC. so do they； so you doD. so they do； so do you14.-You have an Eng

69、lish class every day except Sunday.- _.A. So we have B. So we doC. So have we D. So do we15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _， so _ mine.A. does； will B. will； doesC. will； would D. does； do16. Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A. that I knewB. did I knewC

70、. 1 could know D. I did know17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.A. So I doB. So do IC. So I haveD. So have I18. -I seldom watch TV，but listen to the radio a lot.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. I m the same D. So it is with me19. So excited _ that he couldn't say a word.A. he

71、seemedB. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation.A. he wroteB. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written21. Little _ when I took the trip where it would lead me.A. have I knownB. had I known C. do I know D. did I know22. -Ha

72、ve you ever seen anything like that before？- _.A. No， I never have seen anything like that beforeB. No， never I have seen anything like that beforeC. No， never have I seen anything like that beforeD. No， I have seen anything like that before never23. _ ，I would accept the invitation and go to the pa

73、rty.A. Were I youB. Was I youC. Had I been youD. Would I be you24. You should work less _.A. and neither should IB. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should25. _ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat26. Not only _ a promise，but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he madeC. does he make D. has he made27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _.A. So is his au