直接引語和間接引語用法及練習(含答案)

1、直接引語和間接引語用法及練習（含答案）直接引語和間接引語直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應變動。人稱代詞的變動情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同?？捎涀∫粋€口訣：一主、二賓、三不變即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。例如：1)Hesaid,“l(fā)amgladtoseeyou.”fHesaidthathewasgladtoseeme.2) “Dyouknowthemanoverthere?MarysaidtoTom.fMaryaskedTomifheknewthemanoverthere.3

2、) Jimsaidtome,“Jandeftherschoolbagathome.”fJimtoldmethatJanehadleftherschoolbagathome.2、時態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時(不變)一般將來時過去將來時一般將來進行時過去將來進行時一般將來完成時過去將來完成時如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時，動詞時態(tài)相應變化表：Hesaid,IusuallywatchTVo

3、nSunday.”他說：我常在星期天看電視fHesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。Hesaid,Imusingtheknife.”他說：我正在用小刀。”fHesaidthathewasusingtheknife.他說他正在用小刀。Shesaid,IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”她說：自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信?！盨hesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。Hesaid,Icametohelpyou.他說：我來幫助你?！盚esa

4、idthathehadcometohelpme.他說他來幫助我。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,Theearthisround.”老師說：地球是圓的。”Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.老師說地球是圓的。(2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r(3)如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一律不變Hesays,ffinishedthework.”他說：我做完工作了。”Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他說他做完工作了

5、。Hewillsay,fhavewateredtheflowers.”他會說：我己經(jīng)澆花了?！盚ewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他會說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語的相應變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時間狀語nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(monththatweek(month)Yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(monththweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)be

6、foretomorrowthenextdaynextweek(monththenextweek(month)地點狀語herethere動詞come-goBring-takeHesaid,Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他說：三天前我妹妹在這兒?！眆Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(hereThere;agofbefore)Shesaid,Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她說：今晚我將來這兒?！眆Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethateveni

7、ng.她說那晚她將去那兒。(comergo;herefthere;thisfthat)以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說話的具體時間和具體地點的情況而定，不可機械照搬。如果就在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there,come也不必改為go,如果就在當天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterdaytomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。二、當直接引語是陳述句時直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語用that引導,但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等要作相應的變化。例如：Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanho_力urago.fShesaidto/toldmethatshehadcome

8、backanhourbefore.三、當直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時1、疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。2、主句中的謂語動詞為said時，要改為asked;沒有間接賓語時，可以加一個間接賓語（如me,him等）。3、句末用句號。4、從句中的人稱、動詞時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應的變化。5、原句若為一般疑問句時，用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述；Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”fHeasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.6 .原句若為選擇疑問句時，用whetherornot；orIaskedhim,“Wilyo

9、ustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”fIaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.7 .原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述。“Youviireadygotwell,haventyou?”sheaskedfSheasked(me)whether/ifIhadalreadygotwell.四、當直接引語是特殊疑問句時如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況25條一樣。例如：Heasked:eter?”“Whatsyourna

10、me?”heaskedme.fHeaskedmewhatmynamewas.“Whereareyoutogetoff,PfHeaskedPeterwherehewastogetoff.如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。例如：Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass?askedtheboyfather.fTheboyfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.五、當直接引語是祈使句時直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)主語+askedsb

11、.(not)todosth.1、需將原祈使句中謂語動詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。2、原主句謂語動詞said須改為asked)told或ordered等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補的及物動詞。asksb.(not)todosth.表示客氣)tellsb.(not)todosth.(命令性強于上面)ordersb.(not)todosth.(命令性最強)例如：Hesaid,“Donrhakesomuchnoise.Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.3、原句有please寸，主句謂語多用asked（請求）并去掉please。例如：H

12、esaidtome,“Shuthewindow,please.Heaskedmetoshutthewindow.4如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用“suggest+that從句”或“suggestdoing”來轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：“Letgotothecinema.Tomsaid.fTomsuggestedgoingtothecinema.fTomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.六、直接引語是感嘆句時直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時仍可用what或how引導，詞序不變，也可用that引導，將句子變成相應的名詞性從句。例如：Shesaid,“Whatal

13、ovelydayitis!Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.fShesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Heaskedforthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. “Havyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.fHeaskedme.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3. “Pleaselosethewindow,hesai

14、dtome.Hemethewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4. “l(fā)amateacher,Jacksaid.fHesaid.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.積He-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldh

15、ismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas“Youalreadygotwell,havenyou?sheasked.fSheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadnytouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.Heasked,AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”fHeaskedme.A. amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB. wasIaParty

16、memberoraLeaguememberC. ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD. whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howreyougettingalong?fHeasked.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatthematterD.whatwas

17、thematterHesaid,“Dondothatagain.He_methatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dondoC.toldme;dondoD.toldme;nottodo11. Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12. Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehasputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput13.

18、 Thesephotoswillshowyou.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeYoucan;imaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedshesaidsuggestedthatshehadndecidedtogoorn

19、ot.A.What,ifB.That,whetherC.What,whetherD.What,whichever16. Ialskmyparents.A.whethertheywillagreetogoB.iftheyletmegoC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto17. -DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp?一Ireallydonknowapersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.A.whatB.thatC.howD.ifHeaskedmeif.thetrainwilllateB.thetrainalwaysa

20、rrivedlateC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was20.-Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.一WherewasI?一YouyoudidnlikeyourfB.saidatherjob.A.hadsaid.weresayingD.hadbeensaying31. HeaskedmeIwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how32. 一Joyce,pleasedonopenthewindow.一Pardon?Iope