非謂語動(dòng)詞講解(超全)

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞講解非謂語動(dòng)詞：a.動(dòng)詞不定式b.動(dòng)名詞c.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞概述：1.謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞2.非謂語動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式,在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分非謂語動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中,已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句謂語動(dòng)詞,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí).Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.動(dòng)詞不定式.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種,由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成.不定式的形式有五種:1. 一般式todo2. 進(jìn)行

2、式tobedoing3. 完成式tohavedone4. 被動(dòng)式tobedone例如：IliketoreadEnglish.例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5.完成被動(dòng)式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法I .作主語(1)不定式做主語時(shí),可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前.Toseeistobelieve.Nottogettherei

3、ntimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語,將todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡.句型1：It+謂語+todoIttakesusanhour_to_gettherebybus.句型2：It's+n.+todoIt'sourduty；o_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth(是形容事物的性質(zhì)的)Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品質(zhì)的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbef

4、oreten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II .作賓語接不定式做賓語Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon'texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常見動(dòng)詞有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend

5、,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget(get)onthebus,didnHetsthey?ewished_tobe(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhimSubject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.We?thought?_it_?better?_to_?start?early.3

6、.?I?feel?_it_?my?duty?_to_?change?all?that.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuch(3)常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：2.Do?you?consider?_it_?better?not?_to_?go?4.Wethinkit_important_to_obeythelaw.homeworkinaday.tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecou

7、ldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.以下詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可,但意義不同的動(dòng)詞:stoptodo停下來去做forgettodo忘記要做remembertodo記得要做regrettodo遺憾要做trytodo企圖做,盡力做goontodo繼續(xù)做另一件事meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做forgetdoing忘記做過rememberdoing記得做過regretdoing懊悔做過trydoing試著做goondoing繼續(xù)做(同一件事)meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLond

8、on,missingabusmeans_Aforanotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_Dthewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_Conabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_Athelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.totur

9、noffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不帶to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut_towait.(wait)前有do,后無toIcan'tdoanythingbut_go(go)outwithher.III .作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. I'll?get?someorte?_?repair?the?recorder?for?you.2. What?caused?him?_to_?change?his?mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,exp

10、ect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish?,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：(1)在動(dòng)詞feel(一感),hear,listento(二聽),have,let,make(三讓),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中,不定式不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后,必須帶to.如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2

11、)help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry(cry),todayhewasmade_tocry_(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV.作定語?Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式彳定語)1) 不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?2) 不定式用來說明所修

12、飾詞的內(nèi)容Ihavenochancetogothere.3) 被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.4) 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞且和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),須加介詞1 .ThehouseisnotbigenoughforusallA.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2 .WouldyoupleasepassmetheknifeA?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit?C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith2.1 hav

13、esomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon(寫上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopentowritewith(寫)V.作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果.Icameheretoseeyou.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.比照TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,ago

14、oddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.動(dòng)名詞.動(dòng)名詞的根本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語公一般式doingbeingdone元成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon'trememberhav

15、ingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.動(dòng)名詞的功用Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'sheal昨主語)Myjobislookingafterchildren.(作表語)Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.(作賓語)(4) Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.(做定語)Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting常見的動(dòng)詞有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine

16、,include,keep(on),mind,practice,miss,resist.短語：be/getusedto,can'thelpcstop,tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.Shesattherewithout_speaking(speak)Ilookforwardto_seeing(see)himagain. Areyouusedto_live(live)therealone? Whenmyfatherheardthen

17、ews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing(laugh).Idon'tfeellike_going(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy_preparing(prepare)hislessons主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：Theroomwants_cleaning(clean).Themethodneeds_improving_(improve). Thispairofshoesrequire_mending(mend). Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout). Thequestioniswellworth_discussing(d

18、iscuss)d)動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer后接動(dòng)名詞裳示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作“,后接不定式表示心理或一次具體動(dòng)作.當(dāng)用在should,would之后時(shí),只跟不定式.例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon'toHkeimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語,構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語a.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞.例如：Nixon'svisitingChinamarkedanewyearb

19、etweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松訪問中國(guó)標(biāo)志著中美外交關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的時(shí)代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口語和非正式語體中,只要不是作主語,動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格.例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分詞(一)分詞的作用現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動(dòng),動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.過去分詞表示：被動(dòng),動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成.1 .作定語Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?Have

20、youreadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?2 .作表語Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3 .作賓語補(bǔ)足語Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分詞作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語,否那么分詞前面必須有自己的主語.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在

21、分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行,過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2. (Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn'thelpcryifWhentheyheardthebadnews)3. (Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4. Ist

22、oodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?Beingsoangry,hecouldn'tgotosleep.(Becausehewas$oangryTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,studyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)(二)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式,而過去分詞那么沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化.現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,或在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生.例如：Kno

23、winghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí),表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前,常用作狀語.例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(三)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)一般式beingdone被動(dòng)完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.(四)分詞的否認(rèn)形式分詞的否認(rèn)式,由not+分詞構(gòu)成

24、,例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.(五)分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí),帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句法功能上起狀語作用.例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Themoon

25、appearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.由Therebeing+主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因.例如:Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.由于有許多書要讀,他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜.with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(1) with+名詞/代詞+形容詞(2) with+名詞/代詞+副詞Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull.Thesquarelooksmoreb

26、eautifulthaneverwiththelightson.(3)with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.(4)with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.(5)with+名詞/代詞+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.(6)with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞Withhi

27、smattersettled,welefttheroom.【2021全國(guó)卷II10.Tonylentmethemoney,thatI'ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped【答案】A【2021全國(guó)卷II15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watching【答案】A【2021安徽】24.Irememberedthelights.A.lockingB.tolock【答案】B【2

28、021安徽】30.WhenC.watchedD.tohavewatchedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffC.havinglockedD.tohavelockedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked【答案】B【2021重慶】23.toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.Having

29、beenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked【答案】A【2021重慶】28.Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】A【2021全國(guó)28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit【答案】A【2021全國(guó)32.Fil

30、mhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto【答案】D【2021北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting【答案】D【2021北京】27.withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse

31、【答案】C【2021北京】31.atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.Toknock【答案】A【2021福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked【答案】C【2021福建】34.Presse

32、dfromhisparents,andthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized【答案】A【2021陜西】15.inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A. StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand【答案】A【2021陜西】A.meets【答案】D【2021山東】A.tobetold【答案】A【2021山東】A.provi

33、ding【答案】B【2021湖南】A.beingdone【答案】C【2021湖南】A.touse【答案】B【2021湖南】22. Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.B. meetingC.meetD.tomeet26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.B.tellingC.beingtoldD.told35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelop

34、e.B.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide21.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.B.doC.tobedoneD.todo23.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.B.usedC.usingD.use31. Thelecture,at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【2021天津】11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft【答案】C【2021江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken【答案】C【2021江西】35.Joh