初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講解1--簡(jiǎn)單句的5種基本句型

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講解1 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型英語(yǔ)中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來(lái)的：1）主+動(dòng)（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。2）主+動(dòng)磕（SV?例如：John is busy 約翰忙。3）主+動(dòng)+xx （SVQ例如：She studies English 學(xué)英語(yǔ)。4）主 +動(dòng)+xx+# （SVOC 例如：Time would prove me right.時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的。5）主+動(dòng)+間賓+宜賓（SVOiOd例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。英語(yǔ)中的各種句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句，其中簡(jiǎn)單句中包含

2、有五種基本句型。1.S+Vi（Subjec注語(yǔ) +Intransitive Verb 不及物動(dòng)詞）例：The sun rises in the eas依陽(yáng)從東方升起。She is walking along the lake她正沿著湖邊走。2.S+Vt+O（Subjec住語(yǔ) +Transitive Verb 及物動(dòng)詞 +Object 賓語(yǔ)）例：He found a bird in the tree.他發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。I like this book very much.我非常喜歡這本書。3.S+link.V+P（Subjec莊語(yǔ)+link.verb 系動(dòng)詞 +Predicative表語(yǔ)）1）

3、 句型中系動(dòng)詞的位置可以用be 動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替。2）句型中系動(dòng)詞可分為：表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞：be， keep， lie， look， remain， seem， smell， sound， sit， stand， stay， taste 等。表變化或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞：例：Time is up.時(shí)間到了。That man seems kind那人看起來(lái)很善良。4.S+Vt+O+O（Subjec任語(yǔ) +Transitive Verb及物動(dòng)詞 +Indirect Object 間接賓語(yǔ) +Direct Object直接賓語(yǔ)）例：He bought his sister a piano他給他妹妹買了一架鋼琴。Le

4、t me give you a hand讓我?guī)湍阋幌掳伞?.S+Vt+O+C（Subjec語(yǔ)+Transitive Verb 及物動(dòng)詞 +Object 賓語(yǔ)+Complement 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ）例：She kept us waiting for over three hours她讓我彳門等了 3 個(gè)多小時(shí)。We tried to make her happy.我們盡量使她高興。一、主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞(S V)1. 句1. The man cooks男人做飯。2. The sun is shing brightly太陽(yáng)在明亮地照耀著。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.我們

5、呼吸、吃和喝。4. They talked for half an hour.他們談了 半個(gè)小時(shí)。5. They were sing when we arrived我們至U的時(shí)候他們正在唱歌。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，不需加賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。二、主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)(S V DO)6. 句1. Who knows the answer確知道答案？7. He enjoys reading他喜歡看書。8. They ate what was left over他們吃了剩飯。9. He said “Good morning

6、.： "“早上好！ ”10. I want to have a cup of tea 我想喝杯茶。分析這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。三、主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(S V P)例句1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary是本英漢辭典。2. The cake smells good蛋糕味道很好。3. Everything looks different.一切看來(lái)都不同了。4. He is growing tall and strong

7、 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。5. The trouble is that they are short of money.麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。6. Our well has gone dry 我們的井干枯了。7. His face turned red.他的臉紅了。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：四、主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(S V IO DO)8. 句1. He brought you a dictionary.他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。9. She cooked

8、her husband a delicious mea她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。10. I showed him my pictures我給他看我的照片。11. I gave my car a washi 洗了 我的汽車。12. I told him that the bus was late.我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。13. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思，故這類動(dòng)詞被稱作雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。一般來(lái)說(shuō)指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指

9、物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)。通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)后，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞for或to。間接賓語(yǔ)后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy, make,cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。間接賓語(yǔ)后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,lend,teach,take, return, send, pass等。 例如：Please pass him a cu

10、p of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to h 請(qǐng)遞給他一杯茶。注意：若直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前。例如：誤：Please give me them正：Please give them to me.五、主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S V DO OC)例句1. They called him James他們叫他詹姆斯。2. Wewill keep the table clean .我們將保持桌面干凈。3. They painted the door green.他們把門漆成綠色。4. What makes him think so?他怎么

11、會(huì)這樣想？5. We saw him out.我們送他出去。7. I saw them getting on the bus我看見(jiàn)他們上了那輛公共汽車。分析這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用是說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。注意：在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have等引起的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定 式，則要省去不定式符號(hào)to。例如：He made us laugh他使我們發(fā)笑。I won

12、' t let you 我不會(huì)讓你走。一、判斷下列簡(jiǎn)單句的類型1. The woman is sing now. ()2. He gave her some apples. ()3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成下列句子，每空一詞1 .明天我將給我女兒買塊手表。I will buy tomorrow.2 .看，他們?cè)诔韬吞琛ook, they .3 .這塊蛋糕看上去很大。The cake very

13、.4 .xx邀請(qǐng)她的朋友參加她的生日聚會(huì)。Ann asked her friends to her birthday party.5 .我不會(huì)讓你走。I won t you .三、按下列要求改寫句子，每空一詞1. He gave me some rice. 改為同義句（）He gave .2. “ Sit down. ” The teacher toldmfe一句）The teacher told me .3. The fish tastes nice. 就劃線部分提問(wèn)（）the fish taste?4. He would like you to help him. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句）he

14、you to help him?5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. （改為同義句）He cooked delicious food me this morning.1 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型一 :主 +系 +表此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn):句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),才能表達(dá)完整的意思.這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞.系動(dòng)詞分兩類:主 +謂 （不及物動(dòng)詞）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思.這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)從句等.1. The su

15、n | was shjngH在照耀著.2.The moon | rose®升起了 .3.What he said | does not matter所講的沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系.4.They I talked for hafhour.他們 談了半個(gè)小時(shí).5. The pen I writes smoothl衣筆書寫流利.基本句型三：主 +謂 （及物）+賓此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整.這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞.1.Whoknows I the answeri知道答案？ 2.He | enjoys

16、 | reOdftgC看書.3.He admits I that he was mistaken認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤.基本句型四：主 +謂 （及物）+雙賓（間賓+直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思.這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者.通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí),這一介詞往往被省略.1.Shemyhowordered I herself | a newdresst了一套新衣裳 .2.I| showed I himpictures.我給他看我的照片.3.He| bought | you |

17、a dictionary了一本字典.4. I I told | him I that the bus戰(zhàn)磊詬他汽車晚點(diǎn)了 .5.He I showed I me to run the machine.他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器.基本句型五：主 +謂 （及物）+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓+賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整.I.They I painted I the door他green.門漆成綠色.2.TheyI found I the house I deserted現(xiàn)那房子無(wú)人居住.3.What | makes I

18、him | thinkso么會(huì)這樣想？ .4.We I saw I him 我倘送他 出去 .6.1 I saw | them I getting on the bus at t幽看meftH門當(dāng)時(shí)在上了那輛 公共汽車.2 基本句型翻譯練習(xí)基本句型一:主 +系 +表1.當(dāng)時(shí)他看起來(lái)不高興。2.我喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳和滑冰。3.我擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。 4.收到你的來(lái)信我很高興。5.在公路對(duì)面有一棟新教學(xué)樓。6.圖書館里有各種各樣的書籍、報(bào)紙和雜志。7.那是在2000 年 2 月 8日早上 7:15. 8.天變得越來(lái)越黑。9.這食物吃起來(lái)挺可口的。10.這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。Key:1.He looked unh

19、appy at that time.2.My favourite sports are swimming and skating. 3. I am very good at English.4.I was so pleased to hear from you.5.On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6.In the library there are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines. 7. It was 7:15 on the

20、morning of February 8, 2000. 8.It is getting darker and darker. 9. The food tastes delicious.10.The story sounds very interesting®本句型二:主 +謂 （不及物動(dòng)詞）1. 1984年至 1990年我在光明小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。2.今天上午，我們?cè)谛ｉT口會(huì)面然后一起去那里。3.時(shí)間很快過(guò)去了。4.這幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。5.小車沒(méi)有停而是快速的開(kāi)走了。6.在過(guò)去的10年間它的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速。7.那個(gè)年輕人重重地摔倒在地。8.過(guò)去他早上習(xí)慣于早起。Key:1. I s

21、tudied in Guangming Primary School from1984to 1990.2.This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3.The time passed quickly.4.Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.6. Its economy hasdeveloped rapidly in t

22、he past ten years. 7. The young man fell down on the ground hard.8.He used to get up early in the morning.基本句型三:主 +謂 （及物）+xx31.去年在學(xué)校電腦競(jìng)賽中我獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。2.在業(yè)余時(shí)間我喜歡聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)和收集郵票。3.幾天前我和我兄弟騎自行車去看電影。4.我們也在校園內(nèi)和周圍種上了許多樹(shù)。5.晚上時(shí)，我可以看電視新聞或看報(bào)紙。6.在回家的路上他把錢給丟了。7.昨晚大約九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我正在做作業(yè)。8.才藝展示（Talent Show）將于 6 月 18 日在北京電視臺(tái)舉行。9.下午

23、，我將帶你們轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，看一些名勝。10.盼望能盡早見(jiàn)到你。8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July18.9. In the afternoon, I ll show you around and take you to some places ofinterest. 10. Im looking forward to meeting yousoo型四:主 +謂 （及物）+雙賓（間賓+直賓）1.去年王老師教我們英語(yǔ)。2.明天我要給他寫封信，告訴他這個(gè)好消息。3.他們給他提供了一份工作，但他拒絕了。4.在我14

24、歲生日時(shí)，爸爸給我買了一輛新自行車。5.昨晚我花了兩小時(shí)才完成作業(yè)。6.對(duì)不起，能問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？Key:1.Mr Wang taught us English lastyear.2.Tomorrow I ll write him a letter and tell him the good n3e.wThse. y offered him a job, but he turned it down. 4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike. 5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. 6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?8本句型五:主+謂（及物）+復(fù)合x(chóng)x語(yǔ)（xx+xx）1. 當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那些孩子在河邊玩。2.我們正在使我們的國(guó)家變得越來(lái)越美麗。3.當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊沒(méi)有人。4.昨天下午在公交車上我的錢包讓人給偷了。5.我注意到凱特整個(gè)早上都在圖書館里看書。6.父親叫我給他帶些報(bào)紙來(lái)。 4Key:1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river a