2020年春牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)—-Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

1、2020年春牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)-Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理Unit 3 Online tours Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. It looks like a TV它看起來(lái)像一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。look在句中是系動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來(lái)”，后面常跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。You look tired.你看上去累了。(1) look like意為“看起來(lái)像”，其中l(wèi)ike是介詞，后面常跟名詞。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：A looks like B，表示“A看起來(lái)像B”。Lucy looks like her mother露西看起來(lái)像她的母親。(2) look the same意為“看

2、起來(lái)一樣”，后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：A and B look the same，表示“A和B看起來(lái)一樣”。Lucy and Lily look the same.露西和莉莉看上去長(zhǎng)得一樣。2. What do you usually use your computer for 你通常用電腦干什么？ “Whatfor”的意思是“為什么？”，相當(dāng)于why。What do you buy the book for 你買這本書干什么？3. I usually use it to search for information。我通常用它搜索信息。use sth. to do sth.= use sth

3、. for doing sth.用某物做某事used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 被用來(lái)做某事 (1) search用作及物動(dòng)詞，后跟“人”時(shí)，意為“搜身”；后跟地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，意為“對(duì)某地進(jìn)行搜查”。也可在賓語(yǔ)后加for短語(yǔ)，表示搜查的具體目標(biāo)。The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed.敵人在山上搜尋紅軍，但沒(méi)找到。(2) search for意為“尋找”，可視為是searchfor的省略式，此時(shí)search為不及物動(dòng)詞。She searched for

4、 her lost cat everywhere，but she failed.她到處尋找走失的貓，但沒(méi)找到。4. How often do you use your computer for this 你多久用你的電腦搜索一次信息？how often意為“多久一次”，表示頻率，用來(lái)對(duì)usually，every day，twice a day等頻度副詞或狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。How often do you play football 你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間踢一次足球？Every Wednesday afternoon.每周三下午。how long，how often，how soon與how far(1) ho

5、w long主要有以下兩個(gè)意思：表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，主要用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間（如three days，four weeks等）進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。-How long did he stay here 他在這兒呆了多久？-About two weeks，大約兩個(gè)星期。表示某東西有多長(zhǎng)。-How long is the river 這條河有多長(zhǎng)？-About 500 km.大約500千米。(2) how often指每隔多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)頻度副詞或狀語(yǔ)（如once a week，three times a month等）進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。-How often does he come here 他（每隔）多久來(lái)一次？-Once

6、a month.每月一次。(3) how soon指再過(guò)多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間如（in an hourin two weeks等）進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。-How soon will he come back 他要多久才回來(lái)？-In an hour. 一小時(shí)以后。(4) how far表示（距離）多遠(yuǎn)。-How far is it from here to the zoo 動(dòng)物園離這兒多遠(yuǎn)？-It's 6 kilometres. 大約6千米。 Reading1. Welcome to “Around the World in Eight Hours”.welcome的用法如下：(1)用作

7、感嘆詞(int.)，意為“歡迎（光臨）”。Hello，Tom! Welcome back to China! 你好，湯姆！歡迎回到中國(guó)來(lái)！(2)用作動(dòng)詞(vt.)意為歡迎The mayor welcomed the visiting guests at the airport.市長(zhǎng)到機(jī)場(chǎng)歡迎來(lái)賓。 (3)用作形容詞受歡迎的；令人愉快的She is a welcome visitor她是個(gè)受歡迎的來(lái)賓。被允許的，可隨意使用的You are welcome to stay.我們歡迎你住下。(4)用作名詞，意為“歡迎，款待；歡迎辭”。He received a warm welcome in our

8、 school.他在我們學(xué)校受到了熱烈的歡迎。2. Every year, thousands of people gather here on New Year's Eve.每年在除夕夜，成千上萬(wàn)的人聚集在這兒。 (1) thousand意為“一千”，和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。two thousand students兩千名學(xué)生（thousand不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式）注意 two thousand of the students學(xué)生中的兩千人several thousand students幾千名學(xué)生 many thousand students教千名學(xué)生(2) thousands of

9、意為“成千上萬(wàn)的”。Thousands of students visited the Great Wall last year.去年成千上萬(wàn)的學(xué)生參觀了長(zhǎng)城?！咀⒁狻縮ome，several，many可以和thousands of連用。3. In the centre of the island is Central Park. 在島中心是中央公園。in the centre of意為“在的中心”。In the centre of the city，there is a museum.在城市的中心有一個(gè)博物館。4. ., it's a good place to relax afte

10、r a hard day's work.經(jīng)過(guò)一天的辛勤工作之后，這是一個(gè)很好的放松場(chǎng)所。relax的用法如下：(1)不及物動(dòng)詞放松，輕松，體息Relax，everybody.大家都放松一下。（肌肉等）松弛，放松His muscle relaxed.他的肌肉放松了。(2)及物動(dòng)詞使放松，使輕松，使休息This song relaxes me.這首歌使我心情舒暢。You must not relax your efforts for a moment你一刻也不能松勁。使（身體某部分）松弛，使放松She relaxed her grip and let me go.她松開手把我放了。使（制度

11、、規(guī)則等）變得不嚴(yán)或放寬The judge relaxed the rules.法官放寬了規(guī)則。hard work與work hard有何區(qū)別？hard work為名詞短語(yǔ)，意為“艱苦的工作”；work hard為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“努力地工作”。This is hard work，but he works hard. 這是一項(xiàng)艱苦的工作，但他干得很賣力。5. When you visit New York, don't miss Broadway.當(dāng)你參觀紐約時(shí)，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)百老匯。miss的用法如下：(1) Miss小姐May I help you，Miss?要我?guī)兔?，小姐?2) mi

12、ss沒(méi)趕上；錯(cuò)過(guò)He arrived too late and missed the train他到得太遲，沒(méi)有趕上火車。(3) miss避開If you go early，you'll miss the traffic.如果你早一點(diǎn)走，就不會(huì)等紅燈。(4) miss想念I(lǐng) really miss my parents in the USA.我真的想念我在美國(guó)的父母。6. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自從20世紀(jì)早期以來(lái)，它就因戲院而出名。famous形容詞，意為“出名的”，

13、be famous for意為“因出名”。The city is famous for its old buildings.這座城市因古老的建筑而出名。be famous for，be famous as與be famous tobe famous for后一般跟事物，表示“因由于而聞名”。China is famous for the Great Wall.中國(guó)因長(zhǎng)城而聞名于世。be famous as后一般跟人或表示職位的名詞，表示“作為而聞名”。Li Mei is famous as a writer.李梅作為作家而出名。be famous to后一般跟人，表示“對(duì)是熟悉的；為所熟知的”

14、。Yao Ming is famous to most young people.銚明為大多數(shù)年輕人所熟知。7. Have you ever heard of the song “Memory” 你聽說(shuō)過(guò)“Memory”這首歌嗎？ (1)hear作“聽見(jiàn)”講時(shí)，常構(gòu)成下面的句型：hear sb. doing sth.聽見(jiàn)某人正在做某事。I heard him singing when I passed by his room.當(dāng)我路過(guò)他的房間時(shí)，我聽見(jiàn)他在唱歌。hear sb. do sth.聽見(jiàn)某人做某事。I heard someone speak in my room just now.剛

15、才我聽到有人在我的房間里說(shuō)話。(2) hear作“聽說(shuō)”講時(shí)，后接that從句，that可省略。I heard (that) he comes from Australia.我聽說(shuō)他來(lái)自澳大利亞。8. That sounds great。聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。sound的用法如下：(1) sound作為名詞，泛指在自然界中人所能聽到的任何聲音，意為“聲音；響聲”，既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。Light travels much faster than sound.光的傳播速度比聲音快得多。(2) sound作為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“聽起來(lái)；聽上去（給人以某種印象）”，常接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，還可接名詞、代詞、

16、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句。This piece of music sounds beautiful.這音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)很關(guān)。Your voice sounds as if you had a bad cold.你的聲音聽起來(lái)像患重感冒。(3) sound作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“使一，發(fā)出聲音；發(fā)（音）”；作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“發(fā)聲，響”。The doorbell. sounded門鈴響了。The bell sounds for lunch at-twelve o'clock.午餐鈴聲在十二點(diǎn)敲響。 Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS一般過(guò)去時(shí)1Simple past tense and present perf

17、ect tense -般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有何區(qū)別？(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過(guò)桂林。（只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間）(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果，不與確定的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）(3)兩種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式上的區(qū)分。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)

18、成是“助動(dòng)詞have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。The film started at 7 0'clock.電影在7點(diǎn)鐘開始的。He has been a teacher for many years.他已經(jīng)做教師許多年了。一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday，last week，two years ago，just now，in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just，already，ever，never等副詞和these days，this week，since，for等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，屬于

19、現(xiàn)在時(shí)范疇，談?wù)摰氖乾F(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在情況可能已發(fā)生變化。Who opened the door?誰(shuí)開的門（只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去開門這一動(dòng)作，門現(xiàn)在可能已關(guān)上）Who has opened the door?誰(shuí)把門開了（強(qiáng)調(diào)門現(xiàn)在依然還開著）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與明確的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：three days ago，last year，yesterday，last Sunday，in 2008等等。如句中有以上這些明確的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。注意 如果這些過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀

20、語(yǔ)前面有since，表示“自過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.他前天看完了這本書。My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.我的堂妹自從2009年就在南京了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句連用，when后面只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與where，why等疑問(wèn)詞連用。When did the train leave 火車是什么時(shí)候離開的？since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，只有前面的主句才用現(xiàn)

21、在完成時(shí)。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.自從兩年前來(lái)到學(xué)校我們就互相認(rèn)識(shí)了。有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如this morning，this month，tonight等，既可以與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，又可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，但內(nèi)涵不同。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示與“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān)，時(shí)間已成為過(guò)去。而與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，則包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)。I saw him this morning.我今天早上看到他的。（時(shí)間已不在上午了）I have seen him this morning.我今天早上看到他了。（說(shuō)話時(shí)間還是上午

22、）He lived in New York for eight years.他曾在紐約住了8年。（他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在紐約住了）He has lived in New York for eight years.他住在紐約已經(jīng)8年了。（他現(xiàn)在還在紐約居?。?. I have never seen so many wonderful pictures before.以前我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這么多美妙的圖片。so many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞用so much。I have so many good friends.我有如此多的好朋友。Why is there so much food today 今

23、天為什么有如此多的菜？ Integrated skills & Study Skills1.詞組梳理plan a n online tour of Sydney 計(jì)劃一次悉尼的網(wǎng)絡(luò)旅游take you to many different places around the world 帶你去世界很多不同的地方find other information about the city 找到其他信息關(guān)于這個(gè)城市on the north-east coast of Australia 在澳大利亞的東北海岸the Sydney Opera House looks like a ship wit

24、h many sail 悉尼歌劇院看上去像有很多帆的船on the website ,we saw lots of pictures of Sydney 在網(wǎng)站上，我看到很多圖片關(guān)于悉尼Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亞的季節(jié)和我們的季節(jié)是相反的。Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour你介意想我展示怎么樣開始在線旅游My pleasure = you are welcome 不用謝2. you can also find other information a

25、bout the city.你也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)這座城市的其他信息。find，find out和discover區(qū)別(1) find意為“找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)自己所需要的東西或丟失的東西，著重指找到的結(jié)果。They finally found a way.他們終于找到了一個(gè)辦法。(2) find out指經(jīng)過(guò)研究或詢問(wèn)查明某事或真相。I've found you out at last.我終于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.請(qǐng)打聽一下那艘船什么時(shí)候開住紐約。(3) discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，表示“偶然”

26、或“經(jīng)過(guò)努力”發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在的事物、真理或錯(cuò)誤，即指發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)客觀存在但不為人所知的事物，也可表示發(fā)現(xiàn)已為人所知事物的新的性質(zhì)或用途。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。3. Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour?mind在本句中作動(dòng)詞，意為“介意，反對(duì)”。(1) mind sb. doing sth. /mind one's doing sth. 介意某人做某事。Would you mind my opening the window Would yo

27、u mind me opening the window你介意我打開窗戶嗎？如果回答“不介意”：No, of course not= certainly not.或“go ahead（去做吧）”。如果回答“介意”：Youd better not.(2) mind還可用作名詞，意為“理智，精神；意見(jiàn)；智力；記憶力”。常用短語(yǔ)有：change one's mind改變主意make up one's mind下定決心keep in mind記在心里on ones mind 掛在心上；惦念Whats on your mind 你在想什么？4. My pleasure.不用謝。 “It&

28、#39;s my pleasure.”“My pleasure.”和“With pleasure.”區(qū)別。(1) "It's my pleasure.”相當(dāng)于“My pleasure.”，用在做某事之后，意為“沒(méi)關(guān)系，不用謝”。-Thanks for helping me! 謝謝你幫助我！-My pleasure. /It's my pleasure.不用謝（沒(méi)關(guān)系）。(2) "With pleasure.”用在做某事之前，意為“很樂(lè)意，愿意效勞”。-Can you give me a glass of water 你能給我一杯水嗎？-With pleasu

29、re.愿意效勞。 Task & Self-assessment1. 詞組梳理an online course 一個(gè)在線的課程order meals 訂餐book tickets and hotels 定票和飯店use English in daily communication 在日常交際中用英語(yǔ)introduce the UK to her friends 介紹英國(guó)給她的朋友collect information on the Internet and make a chart 在網(wǎng)上收集信息和做一個(gè)圖表the UK has a long history ,Kings and que

30、ens were once rulers 英國(guó)有很長(zhǎng)的歷史，國(guó)王和王后是統(tǒng)治者It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 它是由英格蘭，蘇格蘭，威爾士和北愛(ài)爾蘭構(gòu)成。see swans and other wild birds on the lakes 看到天鵝和其他的野生鳥在湖上The best time to visit the UK is from May to September. 最好的拜訪英國(guó)的時(shí)間是從5月份到9月份2. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.它由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛(ài)爾蘭組成。be made up of意為“由組成”。The team is made up of ten people.這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)由十個(gè)人組成。be made up of的同義短語(yǔ)為consist of。The book is made up of five parts. 這本書由五部分組成=The book consists of five parts.3. Like C