3漢英對比與翻譯技巧探索.

1、這課上得好枯燥，不給力呀！” . “這BOSS賓給力啊！” . “這裝備真給力 啊！”乂如：“這個動畫太給力 了！ ”。uBeing smart, acrid, alternately sharpand sentimental, Jackie Peyton iscompelled to make sense of the chaosand to level the playing field whenevershe can. There s a forcefulness to thecharacter.”“聰明IL尖刻， 時而嚴肅冷酷， 時而多愁 善感；栓諸多復雜悄況面前,杰基佩頓 不得不保持

2、活醒，能屈能伸。這是個十 分給力的角色?！盚ow fantastic, cool, awesome etc. strong,powerful, cool, awesome, etc第三課:譯技巧探索這孩子看著真給21翻譯的本質(zhì)翻譯中的語感與思維O語感決定了對語言理解和表達的質(zhì)鼠。一個合格的譯者必須有良好的雙 語語感。O也舜石旨方法而言，決疋了能否有效.快速地進行雙語間的語言形式的 轉(zhuǎn)換。O語感的車點是感，是人啟的聽、讀屮培養(yǎng)出來的。思維的車點是思，是 經(jīng)過歸納、分析所總結(jié)體會出來的理性的規(guī)律。O語感的培養(yǎng)與靈活的翻譯思維相4促進，人量閱讀.接觸會促進思維的 尺活度，使語言轉(zhuǎn)換更容易、仃效，也就

3、是說能夠翻譯的更加地道。而 思維的訓練，以及対思維并異的關(guān)注，能增強刈語言的接受度.仃效度 的把握。語感仃思維關(guān)照卜的翻譯可以如此界定：翻單以出牌為折導，詐個0的語吉形式（5 型、結(jié)構(gòu)、音說順岸：了荷址再猜看歹槪來）竹必換 屮所體現(xiàn)出來的思維適勁。這種思維活動在對語感的要求般時是冇規(guī) 彳b命裾的二購加婁強時（如對詩歌的翻譯）則石耍犬才的尺感。從語育形式的轉(zhuǎn)換屮，町以得；譯者的風格。也町以根據(jù)語筈的差界鑒 別譯作的接受效來。對英漢語來說，能夠體現(xiàn)英漢思維并異的轉(zhuǎn)換往往 史忠實，也史地道。因為它們更迫近讀者的語感。相反，那些語占形式 相近，體現(xiàn)不出兩種語書間差異的轉(zhuǎn)換往往是劣譯，要么是總義冗雜、

4、孑炳的洋涇浜，要么是難以理解的天書。 源語語感源語語言形式思維0譯入語語感譯入語語言形式o The District of Chu is enclosed all around by hills, of whichthose in the southwest boast the most lovely forests anddales.o The prefecture of Chu is surrounded with hills on all sides.The wooded ravines of the south-west peaks areparticularly beautiful.

5、o Chu Zhou is surro un ded with moun tai ns. The forestsand valleys on the southwest ridge are especiallybeautiful.o Surroundi ng Chu Prefecture are all moun tai ns. Thosestanding in the southwest with wooded peaks and valfeysare the most sublime.o The district of Chu is entirely surrounded by hills

6、, and thepeaks to the south-west are clothed with a dense andbeautiful growth of trees.討論：下列句子是如何產(chǎn)生意義的？O漫漫人生路，總會錯兒步。O我年輕過，你們呢，老過么？o If we can only encounter each other rather than stay witheach other,then I wish we had never encountered .o Fadi ng is true while flowed ng is pasto何為語言的形式?語言的形式即語言的存在耍

7、素。即包括 語言的聲音、節(jié)奏；語言的結(jié)構(gòu)、言說順序.句型.常用 詞組；選訶、常用訶組、詞語的使用習慣及文化意義等一 系列的形式耍素。 它們會通過語感對讀者產(chǎn)生意義。環(huán)滁皆山語言形式的對比與轉(zhuǎn)化對于一個在北平住慣的U1J.是奇跡凹31 :濟南的冬犬丸沒冇風聲的。UJ4核箋冬天要能看得見口光，便覺彳桃程 響睛的U引。；_ _工一反仃點川人害怕 可是;在北中國的蓉天;而能有溫睛的夭氣03濟 南真得算個寶地。For someone like me who is used to living in Beiping, a winter without anywind is a bit of a mirac

8、le. Well, one never hears any whistling winter winds inJinan. For someone like me who has just returnid from London, sunshine inthe winter seems quite unusual. Well, Jinan has bright sunny win terweather. I know that in tropical regions, the blazing sun and the perpetualharsh glare can be intimidati

9、ng, but here in north China, a mild sunny win terseason is a boon that makes Jinan a very special place indeed.LU4定語定語從句IJU2J句子成分：動態(tài)靜態(tài)IU31A bit of miracle奠番中仃些今人，所靖訪IILMJ添加主one活楚、生動：“風聲 通過動詞hear體現(xiàn)。U5換形容詞：9詢一句簡化為成分有關(guān)。多簡 化LLQ形容詞拆譯申成分化?！岸尽弊植鹱g。響亮的犬氣系原文重 復廠做省略。U8W化：“溫晴拆譯人，像我，冬人要是不刮風U21 ,便覺得 一二對丁木剛甫倫敦回來 八

10、-“口_一 亠宀怪事IU51：濟南的冬大是 在熱帶的地方，口光是永遠那么毒，芍競的大氣LUZJ，一 .一zriIQI的人,O徐霞客一生U：L周游考察U2J r |/個省，足跡兒乎遍及U3全國。o During his life time, Xu Xiake (1586-1641) visited 16 provinces,leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.o U1J狀語詢置U2動詞分析.整合UJ3動詞調(diào)韻，上語一致O他在考察的過程中國，從來不肓門迷信書本上的結(jié)論ua。o He never completel

11、y depended on books to guide him in his tours, norblindly accepted the conclusions given thereln.o U4狀if汀m動訶拆分o他發(fā)現(xiàn)詢?nèi)搜芯康牡乩淼挠涃諹6有許多不很可靠的地方U7。o As a resultU8, he found many Inaccuracies In the travel notes writtenby his predecessors.o U6J詞整合IU21名詞整合皿1添加連詞為了進行貞實細致的ruii察lyzi，他很少乘乍坐船比3】，兒乎全靠雙腳(U4翻III越嶺ju5

12、汽矗跋師J6：為弄清人IMOA 相包7,他總 見挑處道路艱的山區(qū)，人跡稀歩的森林進行考察Up,發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇ill秀M1U91 :他常常選擇不同的時間和乍節(jié)U101 .技茨本游U11地名山， 反魏緊變換的奇景。In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited,he seldom travelled by cart or boat. He would walk across hills anddales, and trudge long distances, and to find out the tr

13、ue features of thegreat world of nature, he would venture far out into mountainous areas withthe most treacherous trails and into jungles seldom visited by humanbeings. The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantasticallybeautiful scenesFamous mountains in various places would find himcom

14、ing back for revisits during different seasons. There he was, marvelingat the kaleidoscopic spectacles during the different hours of the day.丄ZT進行考察”較模糊，化為更清晰的get a picture of theplacesne visited.U?”詭巫”改刃travelled byU47J環(huán)清晰， 英語力麼稍弱U5漢語巫戲氓郎習語U6對丿衛(wèi)的動詞 e 丿羅輛 真相”漢語習慣用法； 數(shù)視負體語境變化屈此恤我換了 種i糊迤1拆句U10時間狀il U1

15、11漢語中匸語“他”不斷出現(xiàn)。此處為避免董寰 改用無生命主語。U11形)r tne places英語力壓稍弱規(guī)律總結(jié)O簡化：小句變成分。成分弱化O漢語中的形容詞與英文中差異較大， 處理時須考 慮所修飾的詞 CO漢語中的詞有時模糊；須添加或作說明。O漢語中的重復在英語中可以省略掉。O動詞須根據(jù)其意義、功能、搭配等重新選擇：動 詞轉(zhuǎn)化為其他詞性O(shè)句型要有變化，不能單一。O名詞需要整合，清晰化。O添加連詞。形容詞的翻譯。 試譯：O 1.瑕新的消息是不川停播，但要改走溫情路線。o The latest rumor is that they do not need to be taken off the

16、 air, but they doneed to make the arc of the prog ram more wholesome.o 2.旅客似乎是十分輕松的人，實際上卻相當辛苦。o Light-hearted as he seemsza traveler is in fact under great stress.o 3旅客故可怕的噩夢，是錢和證件-起遺火，淪為來歷不明的么丐。o He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials,which will reduce himself to

17、 a pauper of unknown background.o 4從四班牙南端一直旅行到英國的北端，我經(jīng)歷了齊樣的氣候，已 經(jīng)到了寒幹不侵的境界。（境界一詞是虛的，漢語中是為了配合“寒 爭不侵”而存在的）o I ve traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip ofEngland, experiencing a variety of climates until i ve become apatheticto tne elements.雜論：對丁形容詞的翻譯而言，譯者應(yīng)堅持 最小的對應(yīng)原則（

18、不將它作為形容詞，而是 意義的補充，意義的一種呈現(xiàn)形式），即避 開一對一的對應(yīng)。因為英漢形容詞在構(gòu)成、用法方血存在較大差異。位置應(yīng)有變化，構(gòu) 成應(yīng)右變化。最大對應(yīng)不僅會給忠實帶來阻 力，還會影響句子的流暢和自然。翻譯方法?O翻譯方法即譯者在語言形式轉(zhuǎn)換過程中采 取的策略。O所有的翻譯方法，其目的都是使譯文的意 義清晰、簡潔、與原文的意義對等。或者 說達到最佳關(guān)聯(lián)，即讓讀者花費最小的努 力達到最好的理解效果。詞語的翻譯方法：直譯和意譯O蘆笛巖桂林最粘:彩的巖洞。（直譯）o Reed Flute Cave is the most mag n if ice nt of all in Guilin.o

19、在衣村，特別足比鮫偏僻落丿可KJ農(nóng)村，還殘存著少數(shù)包辦買賣婚 械餡陋習。億譯,傳達匕要幡神）o In China s more remote and backward rural areas, corrupt practicesexist in the form of forced marriageso在那里，古樹搖曳春秋，山花自謝自開，植被茸茸生煙（總 譯，從內(nèi)容入手）o Aged trees wave the seasons by, amid carpets of wild flowers andthick green vegetation.o天氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨。（意譯，借用）o

20、With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it ll rain presently翻譯中的假朋友:o新聞?wù)掌簄ews photo, press photoo扌艮紙中的標題：title, headings, headlineo列車中的慢車：slow train, local traino特快列車：limited expresso白酒:white wine（白葡萄酒）spirits/liquoro干貨：dry goods（紡織品）,dried food and nuts（as merchandise）o紅眼：red eye（廉價威士忌酒）

21、，to be green- eyed句子的翻譯方法:o主語的確定：O熱烈歡迎吐界各地客商來此進一步加強合作， 建&和發(fā)展 蠻易關(guān)素。o Customers from various countries and regions arewarmly welcome to establish and develop busi nesscon tacts.o她從來沒想到他是個不誠實的人。o It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.o下傾盆大雨了。o It is raining cats and dogs.o我們的事業(yè)從勝利走向勝

22、利。o We have won one victory after another for our cause.o確定主語的原則o必須符介英語的語言習慣和英美等國的文化習俗;o必須符合英美人的思維方式o必須是旬子中應(yīng)該突出的信息。必須符合句中的邏輯關(guān)系。在篇章翻譯中，必須符合上下文行文的需耍。謂語的選擇:O這次旅游可選擇的地方有北京.上?；蛭靼?。o The tour will in elude Beiji ng, Sha nghai and Xia n.o在這次講座中，我們學到了許多美國丿力史方而的知識。o We obtained much knowledge of American hist

23、ory fromthe lecture.o第二天早晨，她腋下挾著幾本書回來了。o The next morning, she came back with some booksunder her arm.O須符合邏輯，與主語一致，與賓語搭配；只有一個主要動 詞。語序的調(diào)整:O到場的*賓中還有一些外賓。o The guests prese nt in eluded some foreig n visitors, o 7月24日， 河南省洛陽市欒川湯營伊河大橋被洪水沖玲o On July 24,a bridge was overtaken by flood waters in Henan Prov

24、incenear the city of Luoyang.o然而，除次II洛卩III很發(fā)衣了該縣領(lǐng)導給上級部門的 一封找不到責任人的“桁討”Z外，氏至7丿J26I I屮央電 視臺作出詳細報道Z前，從河南省內(nèi)媒體上鮮聞垮橋。o CCTV gave detailed reports for two days straight andthere was one article in Luoyang Daily that day thatsaid county officials reported to their superiors thatthey could not find the self

25、criticism” of the personresponsible. Besides this, all we heard from Henanmedia was about the safety of bridges.漢譯英翻譯中的一些難點:所謂難點，即在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中容易造成意義的部分或全 部丟失。其中垃常見的當屬含仃文化意義.需要較高 語境的字詞，如成語.典故等。一般的翻譯方法是通 過解釋進行補償。另外還有一些特殊的語言形式，其 所體現(xiàn)的意味是獨仃的，比如雙關(guān)語.詩歌中的重復、 押韻等修辭。其他的，都可以通過形式的轉(zhuǎn)化實現(xiàn)意義的對等。對漢語用詞模糊性的處理O你對兩德統(tǒng)一后目前的狀況滿意嗎

26、？（“狀況”漢語特殊虛詞）o Are you satisfied with how things are for themfull today?o經(jīng)常能得到偏于消極的結(jié)果（“偏于消極”簡化）o have often gottennegativeu2J results.鈔鑽浮馥躺撕肺rv（“實行的是殖民資本主o that East Germany today is a capitalist colonyu3.o德國人的冷靜就表現(xiàn)得愈叨顯，而批判性愈強（“冷靜愈明顯”簡化）（“批判彳不必要的人詞，簡化）o Germans have grown cooleru41 and their critici

27、smu5 has grown str on gero垂一個已經(jīng)罷興了市劭繡二；冀帀離一.人員自由流動的歐洲范疇対 圭權(quán)國家fu6ak大夭崩屁。（“實現(xiàn)亞疇”“國家” 這種上位詞或著同倉詞被省略，悶其虛義）（“實現(xiàn)” 一詞在英譯 時仃很強的干擾性，去抻。將堆砌而成的名詞拆分，用動賓結(jié)構(gòu)取 代。）（“主權(quán)國家”）o In a Europe that has already unified its markets and trade, and given freedomof movement to workersJu71 the sovereigntyu8J of states has beenla

28、rgely weakened.O對漢語成語.習語的處理O曾經(jīng)的西徳人則抱怨被拖了后腿o those from the west complain theyve been set back,o柏林墻倒塌以及IH然而然侶成的兩彼統(tǒng)一o the near spontaneous reunification after the fall of the BerlinWallo徳國早已痛定JM痛o Germany has learned from painful experienee early on o對漢語名詞堆砌，重排比性的處理O一此知名的文化人士、藝術(shù)名流o various cultural and artistic figureso漢語中較難翻譯的形容詞處理o經(jīng)過兩次吐界人戰(zhàn)洗禮的ul歐洲，（冗長的形容性修飾語轉(zhuǎn)為從句）o in a Europe that has gone through the baptism of two worldwars.o但卻C經(jīng)失去了往Fl的神圣的光環(huán)。（“往Fl的神條的光環(huán)”漢語中形容詞的累積。“往FI的”拿出來后的修補）o but they have los