專題06非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞易錯(cuò)起源-2018年高考英語(yǔ)備考黃金易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Word版含解析

1、1.(2017·全國(guó)卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【解析】考查動(dòng)詞­ing作介詞賓語(yǔ)。在介詞about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞­ing形式，故用eating?！敬鸢浮縠ating2.(2017·全國(guó)卷)This included digging up the road, _(lay) th

2、e track and then building a strong roof over the top. 【答案】laying3.(2017·全國(guó)卷)They are required _(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查be required to do sth.的固定用法?？忌朴诜治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備才能快速準(zhǔn)確地確定答案。【答案】to process4.(2017·天

3、津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home.【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：在非洲醫(yī)療援助兩年回來(lái)后，李醫(yī)生很高興看到他的母親在家里被照看得很好?？崭裉幣c其邏輯主語(yǔ)his mother之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞?！敬鸢浮縯aken5.(2016·新課標(biāo)，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(cre

4、ate)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句意：熟練的工匠也把硬木和金屬結(jié)合在一起制作特殊的圖案。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。6.(2016·浙江，1)Are you sure you're ready for the test?No problem. Im well _(prepare)for it.【答案】prepared【解析】句意：你確定你準(zhǔn)備好考試了嗎？沒(méi)問(wèn)題。我已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備了。I作主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞的­ed形式充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。7.(2016·新課標(biāo)，67)My ambassadorial duties will

5、include _(introduce)British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【答案】introducing【解析】句意：我的大使職責(zé)將包括把英國(guó)參觀者介紹給成都的120多只大熊貓及其他一些在碧峰峽霧山中一個(gè)研究中心里的熊貓們。include為及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。8.(2016·新課標(biāo)，66).a TV show in the mid­1980s，wh

6、en I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】permitted【解析】句意：那時(shí)我是第一個(gè)被允許拍攝一個(gè)特殊的關(guān)于照料的單元的西方電視臺(tái)記者。TV reporter和permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。9. He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

7、詞appeared，動(dòng)詞wear前又沒(méi)有并列連詞，故應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況；又因主語(yǔ)he與wear之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞。【答案】wearing10. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school.【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞about后應(yīng)該跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故要用being?！敬鸢浮縝eing11. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we rea

8、ched the next stop.【解析】考查不定式。動(dòng)詞refuse后要接不定式作賓語(yǔ)， refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事。【答案】to stop12. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)。然而這個(gè)男孩一直騎個(gè)不停。keep doing sth一直做某事。【答案】riding13. We got a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn&#

9、39;t mind.【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。我們有點(diǎn)曬黑了。動(dòng)詞sunburn曬黑，此處get done結(jié)構(gòu)為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某一事件或事故的發(fā)生，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作?！敬鸢浮縮unburned/ sunburnt14. My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa.【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。be busy (in) doing.忙于做某事?！敬鸢浮縜rranging15. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in presentday Hunan and Hubei Provi

10、nces，during the Warring States Period(戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期).【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。表示位于何地時(shí)，用be situated in/on。過(guò)去分詞situated作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which was situated.?！敬鸢浮縮ituated易錯(cuò)起源1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類別和句法功能 例1 (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.【解析】句意：沉迷于繪畫中，約翰沒(méi)有注意時(shí)間已到了傍晚?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處的Absorbed in painting相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because h

11、e was absorbed in painting的省略。【答案】Absorbed【名師點(diǎn)睛】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句法功能的注意事項(xiàng):不定式1.介詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式只限于作介詞except和but的賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)exceptbut意為“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:can but + 動(dòng)詞原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but + 動(dòng)詞原形:不能不do nothing but + 動(dòng)詞原形:只做There is nothing to do but + 動(dòng)詞原形: 只有做 have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I

12、could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to)I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to)She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役動(dòng)詞have，let，make以及感官動(dòng)詞see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的賓補(bǔ)，不定式符號(hào)要省略，但這些句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶符號(hào)to.例如:I often hea

13、r him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to play in the park.3.不定式作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式使不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是其動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后須有相應(yīng)的介詞。但名詞way，place，way除外。例如: He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主謂關(guān)系 ) There will not be enough spa

14、ce to stand in on the earth. ( 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write with.We found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定語(yǔ)的情況有:(1)不定式表示將來(lái)；(2)用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no， all，any等限定詞的中心詞。(3)用來(lái)修飾一些抽象名詞，常見(jiàn)的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，repl

15、y，attempt，belief，way，reason， time等。例如: During my holiday I borrowed some books to read.(表將來(lái))She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序數(shù)詞修飾)I have no chance to escape. (修飾抽象名詞)Do you have the ability to read French? (修飾抽象名詞)4.不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。表示目的時(shí)可用in order to，so a

16、s to換用；表示條件時(shí)，一般把表示條件的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如:He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 )He woke up to find everybody gone. (表結(jié)果)Im very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè))To look at him, you cant help laughing. (表?xiàng)l件，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有can)He was too excited not to say

17、a word. (表程度)He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)過(guò)去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:這三種形式作定語(yǔ)，主要是體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間上的區(qū)別。過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如:The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (將要修建的)The bridge being built is named S

18、tone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己經(jīng)修建了的)Have you read the novel written by Dickens?He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (沒(méi)有時(shí)間性)Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)The question to be discussed at

19、 the Sunday meeting is very important. (表將來(lái))在英語(yǔ)中，表示“感覺(jué)狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞形式作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人感到”，指主語(yǔ)或被修飾的詞給人的感覺(jué)；過(guò)去分詞表示”感到”，指主語(yǔ)或被修飾的詞本身的感覺(jué)。例如:interesting令人感興趣的interested感到有興趣的exciting令人感到激動(dòng)的excited感到激動(dòng)的shocking令人感到震驚的shocked感到震驚的過(guò)去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:1.感官動(dòng)詞(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to

20、，feel)和使役動(dòng)詞(have，let，make)后的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成，不定式表示主動(dòng)和完成。注意:make不能接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。例如:I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主動(dòng)，完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在進(jìn)行)I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被動(dòng))T

21、he captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示狀態(tài))I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)2.動(dòng)詞leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表達(dá)的具體含義是“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。例如:It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主動(dòng)，正

22、在進(jìn)行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被動(dòng)，完成)My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主動(dòng)，將來(lái))My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被動(dòng)，將來(lái))過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:1.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the

23、mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)一般式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如:Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.3.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)表示未來(lái)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:Having been used for a lon

24、g time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way，the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，那么分詞短語(yǔ)就需要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞短語(yǔ)意義上的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，放在分詞之前。因?yàn)闆](méi)有實(shí)際的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，一般放在句首或句末

25、，充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)。例如:Winter having come, its getting colder and colder.The homework finished, the child went home.His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall, the sun shining upon her.從例句可以看出，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)不同的人或物，因此，分詞前的名詞或代詞

26、不能省略。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也可以由“withwithout + 名詞或代詞 + 分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。例如:The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth open.With his parents away, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom, with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被動(dòng),狀態(tài))She sat still,

27、 with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主動(dòng),正在)With you to help me , I could do it better. (主動(dòng)，將來(lái))With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被動(dòng)，完成)With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被動(dòng),將來(lái))垂懸分詞作狀語(yǔ)垂懸分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞一種特殊用法，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子非主語(yǔ)部分中指人或物的某一名詞或代詞，或泛指“我們

28、”。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中him 所指的人)Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中my所指的“我”)Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的邏輯主語(yǔ)泛指“我們”)易錯(cuò)起源2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和

29、語(yǔ)態(tài) 例2 (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.【答案】To learn【名師點(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，一般使用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，形式有一般式和完成式(進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)式)。例如：Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)The book is said to ha

30、ve been translated into many languages(translate和the book之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)注意：不定式中使用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)的情況：(1)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。例如: I havent got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的邏輯主語(yǔ)是a key)(2)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。例如:I havent got a book to read(I為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，a book為不定式的邏輯賓

31、語(yǔ))(3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式多用主動(dòng)，實(shí)際上形容詞后省略了for one或for people。例如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand.He is hard ( for me) to work with.(4)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果考慮必須有人去完成某事時(shí)，用主動(dòng)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身必須完成時(shí)，用被動(dòng)。例如: There is a lot of to be done. (工作被作)There is a lot of to do. (需要人去做)【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

32、動(dòng)名詞一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯這樣是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。例如:We are interested in playing chess. (同時(shí))She is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后)Im sorry for not having kept my promise. (之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home

33、alone. (被動(dòng)) The house showed no sign of having been damaged.(之前，被動(dòng))易錯(cuò)起源3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配 例3After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.【答案】to thank【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】英語(yǔ)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配是因詞而定，沒(méi)有固定的規(guī)律?？忌挥欣斡浰鼈兊男问?，才能成功破題。1.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面只接動(dòng)名詞

34、作賓語(yǔ): admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考慮) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等動(dòng)詞;be used to(習(xí)慣于), insist on, cant help(情不自禁) , cant stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devot

35、e to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞組。 2.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面能接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別：forgetrememberregret to do忘記記住后悔去做某事forgetrememberregret doing忘記記得后悔已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事stop to do停下來(lái)接著做另一件事stop doing停止做一件

36、事mean to do意欲、企圖做某事mean doing意味著做某事go on to do做完某事接著做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事try to do努力、試圖做某事try doing嘗試著做某事 3.有些短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)是固定結(jié)構(gòu): judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考慮到), supposing/ providing (that). (假如),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin with (首先，第一)。例如:Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.Considering everything, he did a good job.Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get m