被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共 有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者， 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表 示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式， 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要 動(dòng)作對(duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 漢語(yǔ)往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來(lái)表示被 動(dòng)意義。如：He ope ned the door.他打開(kāi)了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The door was opened.這扇門被打開(kāi)了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞b

2、e+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改 變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見(jiàn)的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說(shuō)明：2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：3、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，"be+過(guò)去分詞"部分不變。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time

3、.那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）Can tables be made of sto ne?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問(wèn)句）三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。He was elected chairma n. 他被選為主席。2、 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。The room has n't bee n clea ned yet.房間還沒(méi)有打掃。The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。

4、3、當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The wi ndow was blow n by wi nd. 窗戶被風(fēng)吹開(kāi)了。The whole village has bee n washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、 表示客觀的說(shuō)明常用"It is +過(guò)去分詞."句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說(shuō)露茜已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。It is believed that he is a spy. （=He is believed to be a spy.）大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。其它常見(jiàn)的"I

5、t is +過(guò)去分詞+ that"句型還有It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建議四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示:1主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：1)將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)：注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。?Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.(2)將動(dòng)詞改為"be+過(guò)去分詞"。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was hel

6、d by them yesterday. 他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了。(3)將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為be放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。 注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him.2、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng):(1 )主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)如果是 people, we, you, they, somebody 等含糊地表 示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去"by"，但原主語(yǔ)被強(qiáng)調(diào)者 除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975. This h

7、ospital was set up in 1975. 這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Only he can fin ish the job. 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。The job can be fi nished only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來(lái)完成。(2)含有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的句子，每個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，即其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式

8、表示被動(dòng)之意以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look, feel, smell 等。下歹U動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式：happen,cost，take，haveAn accide nt was happe ned yesterday. (x)昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。An accide nt happe ned yesterday.()The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。The watch looks good. 這表看起來(lái)很好。 This book sells well.這本書暢銷。六、 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例(以動(dòng)詞do為例)1 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am/ is/ are

9、 +doneEn glish is spoke n by lots of people in the world.世界上的許多人都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Class meeti ng is held every Thursday.每周四都舉行班會(huì)。The classroom is clea ned by the stude nts every day.學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2. 般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。He was saved at last.他最終獲救了。My bike was stole n.我的自行車被偷

10、了。3. 般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be give n this after noon.今天下午有一個(gè)演講。A new road will be built next year.明年要修一條新馬路。I thought thousa nds of people would be helped.我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得至 U幫助。4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machi ne was bei

11、ng repaired at this time yesterday.昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now.問(wèn)題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by the passe ngers.路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done)Two hun dred trees have bee n pla nted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百 棵樹(shù)了。The book has bee n read many times by me.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Severa

12、l soldiers have already bee n killed in the con flict.在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had been+done)They said they had bee n in vited to the party.他們說(shuō)已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)了。She found the house had bee n destroyed by the storm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多

13、年了。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)I單項(xiàng)選擇1. Good booksaga in and aga in.A. should be readed B. should be readC. must readD. ought to read2. The childre nby the nu rse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked3. Hesome pieces of advice, but heto them.A. gave, did n't liste nB. was give n, was n't li

14、ste nedC. give, was n't liste ned D. was give n, did n't liste n4. Whenthe accide nt?A. was, happe n B. did, happe nC. is, happe nD. was, happe ned5. The questi onby us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has bee n discussed6. The lababout five years ago.

15、A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has bee n built7. A lot of tall buildings in his hometownin the last three years.A. have set up B. have bee n set up C. were set up D. set up8. Theyprinting 500 copies by the end of last mon th.A. had fini shedB. have fini shed C. had bee n fini shed D. have

16、bee n fini shed9. Ricealsoin their hometow n.A. is grown B. is grew C. was grew D. was grown10. Heby the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have bee n praised D. always is praised11. Great cha ngesplace. Many new schoolsA. have take n, have bee n ope ned B. take, are ope nC. are take n, ope

17、nD. have bee n take n, areopened12. The picturein October, 1996.A. was tak ing B. had bee n take n C. was take n D. had take n13. We can't use the bridge now, because it.A. has bee n repaired B. is repairi ng C. is repaired D. is being repaired14. Ithe way to the railway stati on by a policema n

18、.A. was show n B. showed C. have show n D. was show ing15. The warin 1941.A. broke outB. had bee n broke n outC. was broke n out D. had broke n out16. Whe n water, it will be cha nged in to vapour.A. is heated B. heati ng C. has heated D. heats17. We can't en ter the room because its door.A. loc

19、ked B. locks C. is locked D. is lock ing18. Theyday and ni ght.A. are made workB. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work19. Chan g'a n Road isof people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled20. Man-made satellitesinto space by many coun tries.A. was sent upB. is sent upC. have b

20、ee n sent up D. has bee n sent up21. This En glish songofte nby the childre n.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung22. The win dows of our houseonce a week.A. must clea n B. have clea ned C. is clea ned D. are clea ned23. Whenthe People's Republic of China?A. was, found B. was, f

21、oun ded C. did, found D. does, found24. Mary's radioby my brother just now.A. will be men ded B. has men ded C. was men ded D. men ded25. Your exercise booksafter class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. han ded in D. must be han ded in26. Some trees mayat other times of the year.A. be pla nted

22、B. pla nt C. are pla nted D. will be pla nted27. The sunat ni ght as usual.A. can be see n B. can't see C. can't be see n D. does n't see28. A new En glish playthere n ext week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on29. A stra nge thi ngin our school y

23、esterday.A. was happe ned B. has bee n happe ned C. happe ned D. was going to happe n30. The glass. Itby little Tom this morni ng.A. broke, is broke nB. is broke n, was broke nC. was broke n, broke D. has bee n broke n, broke nU把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.1 saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would come back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences between the two Ianguages.4. Do you water your flowers every day?5. The wind blew dow n the big tree last ni ght.6. I thi nk that he is right.7. He had