非謂語動詞作定語語法講義

1、非謂語動詞作定語語法講義一 如何判斷非謂語動詞作的是定語：1.看橫線所在的位置 具體方法如下： 如果橫線放在了名詞或名詞+逗號之后，則作的是定語。如： The meeting_ yesterday was very important. The university, _ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻譯：翻譯時先把句子的主干部分找出來，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名詞之后，并且能夠放在名詞之前加“的”翻譯，如果是，則作的是定語。如： The meeting_ yesterday was very important. The universit

2、y, _ in 1902, has a history of a century.二 作定語時的邏輯主語：作定語時，邏輯主語就是所修飾的名詞。如：The meeting held yesterday was very important.三 如何確定用什么樣的非謂語動詞作定語：1. 和邏輯主語之間的主被動關(guān)系 2. 時間關(guān)系：將要發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生、已經(jīng)完成如：1）The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _.A. to spendB. spentC. being spent D. spending2）The wild flowers looked li

3、ke a soft orange blanket_ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover3） The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (2007全國卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四作定語的具體用法：1. 能作定語的不定式和分詞有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done（務(wù)必牢記）. 注：having done 絕對不能作定語。 原因：當(dāng)作定語的非謂語動詞的動作明顯發(fā)生在謂

4、語動詞動作之前時，此時不能用非謂語動詞作定語，即不能用having done作定語，必須用定語從句作定語。如：The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(這句話中的having waited,作的不是定語，而是狀語)The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home五 作定語的非謂語動詞和所修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系：t

5、o do:只表示動作還沒發(fā)生，不強調(diào)和邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系。如: I have a lot of things to do. The years to follow will be very hard.to be done: 和邏輯主語既是被動的，又表示動作還沒發(fā)生。如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important.doing (及物動詞)：和邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系如：He received a letter saying his mother would come to see him soon.being done(及物動詞)：和

6、邏輯主語既是被動的，又表示動作正在進行如：The meeting being held now is very important.done(及物動詞)：和邏輯主語既是被動的，又表示動作已經(jīng)完成。注：Things lost will never come again.We finished the work in less than half the time allowed.注：不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：表示動作正在進行；過去分詞作定語：只表示動作的完成，不表被動。如：the developing countries:發(fā)展中國家the developed countries：發(fā)達國家六 不

7、定式作定語的幾種情況及注意事項a) 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞之前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級并且和所修飾的名詞是主動關(guān)系時，要用不定式作定語。如：He is the best person to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.b) 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是抽象名詞時，要用不定式作定語。如：Do you have the ability to write in English.c) 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式之后必須有相應(yīng)的介詞。但

8、是如果不定式所修飾的名詞是time, place 或way 時，不定式之后的介詞習(xí)慣上可以省略。如：I need a room to live in.I need a pen to write with.I had money and no place to live( in).d) 當(dāng)作定語的不定式和所修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系時，不定式既可用主動形式，也可以用被動形式，但表達的含義不同。試比較：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do動作的發(fā)出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被別人

9、做，別人是to be done動作的發(fā)出者）七非謂語動詞作定語的一些用法比較：1.to be done, being done, done 作定語的區(qū)別 相同點：和所修飾的名詞都是被動關(guān)系 不同點：在時間上 .to be done：動作未發(fā)生 being done: 動作正在進行 done：動作已完成 如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important The meeting being held now is very important The meeting held yesterday was very important.

10、2. have something to do 和have something to be done 的區(qū)別 have something to do：主語有事自己做 have something to be done：主語有事讓別人做如：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do動作的發(fā)出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被別人做，別人是to be done動作的發(fā)出者） 非謂語動詞作定語高考題專練1. The prize of the game show is $30,000 a

11、nd an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 3. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C

12、. adding D. added4. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait5. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them

13、 C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom6. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held7. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed8. Five

14、 people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given9. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全國卷II) A. opened and closed B. to be

15、 opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close10. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007上海卷) A. to be completedB. having been completed C. completedD. being completed11. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. (2

16、007湖南卷) A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost12. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat13. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down14. We finished the run in less than half t

17、he time _.A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows15. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found16. Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being

18、locatedC. having been locatedD. located17. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced18. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow1

19、9. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced20. Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take21. We are i

20、nvited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding22. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected23. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage d

21、ifferent parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating24. With the world changing fast, we have something new _with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing25. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrow B. to

22、be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing26. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised27. So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having

23、 discovered28. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed29. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published30. A great number of students said they were for

24、ced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning31. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired32. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ l

25、ess than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing33. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce34. On hearing a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr.G

26、ordon immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say35. The island, _to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined36. Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate amo

27、ng citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared37. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen38. The ability _an idea as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to cover39. The players _from the whole country ar

28、e expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to selected C selected D having selected40. Look over there-theres a very long, winding path _up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead41. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foun

29、d B. founding C. founded D. to be founded42. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made43. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. prov

30、iding B. provided C. having provided D. provide44. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started45. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B

31、. offering C. to offer D. to be offered答案：1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB非謂語動詞作補語一：補語的種類（兩種）：1. 賓語補足語 2. 主語補足語二如何判斷非謂語動詞作的是補語：1. 賓語補足語A. 如果橫線部分放在了及物動詞+名詞或代詞之后。如：I hear him _ in the next room.注：能跟賓語+賓語補足語的動詞常見的有以下三類：1. 感官動詞：see, watch,

32、look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to2. 使役動詞：have, let, make, get3. 其他動詞：find, keep, want, leave（使。處于某種狀態(tài)），catch 如：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash、I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast

33、.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound注：下列動詞或動詞短語之后也用不定式作賓補（在主動句中）；在被動句中，用不定式作主語補足語。allow, permit, forbid, persuade, require, remind, invite, wish, warn, encourage, call on 等。注：特別關(guān)注allow 和 permit 的用法Allow/permit doingAllow/permit sb to doSb be allowed/permitted to do如：We dont allow smoking here.We

34、dont allow you to smoke here.You are not allowed to smoke here. 此外 hope, suggest 之后不能用不定式做賓補 hope sb to do × suggest sb to do×B. 如果橫線放在with +名詞或代詞之后。如：The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows2. 主語補足語下列結(jié)構(gòu)中

35、用不定式作主語補足語，它們是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought_.如：The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007遼寧卷)A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break三作補語時的邏輯主語：1. 賓語補足語 作賓語補足語時，邏輯主語就是其之前的名詞或代詞

36、。如：I hear him singing in the next room2. 主語補足語 作主語補足語時，邏輯主語就是句子的主語。 如：He was said to have been to America before.四如何確定用什么樣的非謂語動詞作補語：1. 和邏輯主語之間的主被動關(guān)系 2. 時間關(guān)系：將要發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生、已經(jīng)完成五. 非謂語動詞作補語的具體用法：1. 賓語補足語1）.感官動詞see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to之后的賓補有四種形式：do, doing, being done, done ,以see

37、 為例： See +sb/sth do 看見某人做了某事（主動，完成） See+sb/sth doing看見某人正在做某事（主動，正在進行） See+sb/sth being done看見某人或某事正在被做（被動，正在進行） See+sb/sth done（及物動詞）看見某人或某物被。（只表示被動） See+sb/sth done(不及物動詞)看見某人或某物。了。（只表示完成，不表示被動）注：如果see +sb/sth do變成被動語態(tài)，do 之前要加to ,其他感官動詞也如此。如：I heard her sing an English song just now. She was heard

38、 to sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room.I heard an English song being sung when I passed her room.Id like to see the plan carried out.I looked down at my table and saw my wallet gone.2）.使役動詞let之后的賓補有兩種形式：do, be done 如：He let me open the door. Let

39、the work be done immediately. 使役動詞make之后的賓補有兩種形式：do, done 如: He made me open the door.He had to raise his voice to make himself heard. 使役動詞have, get之后的賓補有三種形式：do(to do), doing, done，這里的have, get都表示“使，讓”，具體用法：3）have 的用法 have sb do sth 讓某人做某事 have sb/sth doing 讓某人一直做某事、使某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)。 have sth done:請某人做某

40、事；表示主語的遭遇如：He had me open the door.Dont have your children studying all the time.Dont have the lights going all the time.Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.4）get的用法 Get sb to do讓某人做某事（注意和have 的區(qū)別） Get sb/sth doing使某人或某物開始。Get sth done使某事被做。如：He got me to

41、 open the door. He tried to get his car moving. He had to get all the things done before tomorrow.5）find 之后的賓補 Find sb doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 Find sth done 發(fā)現(xiàn)某物被。 注：find 之后不能用動詞原形做賓補。6）leave之后的賓補Leave sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事Leave sth doing讓某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)Leave sth undone 留下某事未做如：The teacher left the student stand

42、ing there all the time.Dont leave the water running.He left in a hurry, leaving the breakfast untouched.7)catch 之后的賓補Catch sb doing 當(dāng)場發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。如：I caught him reading my private letters.8)with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 構(gòu)成：with +賓語+賓補 作用：作狀語或定語 翻譯：做狀語時with 翻譯成“由于”，作定語時with 翻譯成“有”。 考點：考查賓語補足語的選擇。它的賓補通常由：to d

43、o, doing, being done, done 構(gòu)成，他們表示的含義分別是： to do ：要做（不強調(diào)主被動）doing: 和賓語之間是主動關(guān)系。being done: 被動和正在進行done：被動和完成如：With a lot of things to do, I am very busy. With the teacher helping me, I finally succeeded. With the problem being discussed, we must keep it a secret. With everything done, he felt relaxed.

44、2. 主語補足語下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式作主語補足語，它們是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought +to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been dong ，他們表示的含義分別是：to do 要做to be doing正在做to have done已經(jīng)做了to have been doing一直在做如: He is said to study in Canada. He is said to be studying in Canada. He is said to have studie

45、d in Canada. He is said to have been studying in Canada.非謂語動詞作補語高考題專練1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on2. Is Bob still performing? I'm afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an officialA. to have left B. to leave C. t

46、o have been left D. to be left3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained4. I really can't understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating5. In the dream Peter saw hims

47、elf _by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased6. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied7. AIDS is

48、 said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been8. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be

49、 missing D. get lost9. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全國卷I) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt10. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. (2007上海卷) A. callingB. called C. being called D. to call11. John received an

50、 invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽卷) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished12. Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. (2007北京卷)A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. (2007福建卷)A. improvedB. improving C. to improveD. improve14. Come on, please give me