全國版2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)組合練第3練閱讀理解七選五練習(xí)含解析

1、第3練閱讀理解七選五.閱讀理解A(2018陜西西安地區(qū)八校聯(lián)考)Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”Thiswas，basically，ahandoperated

2、mechanicalcalculator.Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.Itsabasicmechanicalcomputer.Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidntonlydream;hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcompu

3、ters!Hisdesignscontainedprocessors，controlunits，amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!Alas!His“seconddifferenceengine”couldntuseelectricitysincethishadntyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachin

4、ewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldntbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbages“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondonfortheBabbagebice

5、ntenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhightechmillionairewhoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.，Babbagesanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(industrytomakecomplicatedpatternsbuttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhi

6、stime!1WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？紡織)，AInLondon.CAtCambridge.BAthighschool.DInScienceMuseum.2Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？AIttookhimnineyearstobuildit.BItwasfaraheadofitstime.CItsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.DItspowersourcewaselectricity.3The“seconddifferenceengine”was

7、builttoworkin1991.AforanAmericanmillionaireBinmemoryofBabbageCtotestitsabilitytouseelectricityDfortextileindustrytomakepatterns4Whatcanweinferfromthetext?ABabbagesenginesdidntrunonprograms.BTextilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.CBabbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.DBabbagesanalyticalenginesweren

8、everbuilt.BWithgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze，autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.However，formanyhighschoolstudents，thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworkto

9、do，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse，studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingsowelosetherealpurposeoflifetobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyj

10、usthowgreatitistobealivewehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students，takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealthtalkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.ChinesecraftsmanLuBan

11、，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadntwalkedoutside，hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadntrestedunderthatappletree，thenhewouldnthavebeenhitbyanapple，andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexpe

12、rience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.5Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?AParagraph1.CParagraph5.BParagraph2.DParagraph4.6Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolst

13、udents?ATheyareunhappytodoso.BTheirparentsdontallowthemtodoso.CTheythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.DTheyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.7Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.AmakingpredictionsBreasoningandgivingexamplesCdescribingthebeautifulsceneryinautumnDpointingoutthepresentsi

14、tuationofhighschoolstudents8Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?ANatureispower.BAllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.CTheauthorisnthappywithoureducationatall.DGoingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.CWhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass，amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchingh

15、ereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifersLosAngelesapartment，themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslockedremotelytopreventInternetsearchesandhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswho

16、shesaidshewas，：Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating，thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem，totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsoli

17、dmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalidthatstudentshaventjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Priva

18、tecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.Asidefromthewebcameras，anumberofotherhightechmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheck

19、studentsidentitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescanned

20、againstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.9WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?ATocorrecthertypingmistakes.BTofindhersecretsintheroom.CTopreventherfromslowingdown.DTokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.10Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.AadvancedtechniqueCeffectiveru

21、leBsharpeningtoolDdividingline11Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.AproducingalargenumberofquestionsBscanningtheInternettestquestionsCcheckingthequestionansweringspeedDgivingdifficulttestquestions12Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus.AwhattheInterneteducationisBtheimportanceofthewebcameratoday

22、CwhenthestudentscancheatDhowtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonline.七選五(2018江西紅色七校聯(lián)考)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%

23、oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.LatelastyearPrincetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones，andisntmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still，chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments

24、，psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengersomethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat，madeeyecontactwith，andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服務(wù)員)，r

25、eportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(易)15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoersthevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.16Inonestudypeoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaco

26、nversationrollingontheirown交，andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露)Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17AThesameistrueofgallerygoers.BTheyfound

27、thatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.CButdontplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.DOfcourse，somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.EA“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded，canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”FMakingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.GThosetoldtochatwit

28、hothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.答案解析.語篇解讀本文介紹了數(shù)學(xué)天才巴貝奇以及他那遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過那個時代的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhisfirstdifferenceengine”可知，巴貝奇在劍橋大學(xué)計劃他的“firstdifferenceengine”。故選C。2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題

29、。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Alas！Hisseconddifferenceenginecouldntuseelectricitysincethishadntyetbecomeausablesourceofpower”和“Itwastooadvancedforitsage！”可知，他的“seconddifferenceengine”遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了它的時代。故選B。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbagesseconddifferenceenginewasfinallymanufactured.Thefirstworkingv

30、ersionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.”可知，the“seconddifferenceengine”在1991年被制造是為了紀(jì)念巴貝奇誕辰二百周年。故選B。4C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了巴貝奇對計算機(jī)發(fā)明作出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。由此可知，巴貝奇可以被看作是計算機(jī)之父。語篇解讀文中作者列舉了當(dāng)今高中生忙于學(xué)習(xí)沒時間外出的現(xiàn)狀，說明了外出會有很多收獲，鼓勵學(xué)生們走出去，去獲取更多東西。5C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者認(rèn)為外出是一種增加生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

31、機(jī)會，我們會從激動人心的旅程中獲得更多的知識。本段總結(jié)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。6D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，高中生們有大量的作業(yè)要做，要把所有的時間用于學(xué)習(xí)考高分。對于他們來說外出活動就是一個夢想。故選D。7B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflifetobeavaluableand，happyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealivewehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.”可知是運(yùn)用了論證的方法；第四段中的“LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.W