初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料(超全語法詞組句型作文及知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全)

1、第二篇 句法一、 主 要 句 式 (一) 知識(shí)概要初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種： 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞。如：I arrived at six last night. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語+及物動(dòng)

2、詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某種事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動(dòng)詞后，也要保持be動(dòng)詞，不要換用have,如：There is going to be a mee

3、ting tomorrow.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問題，即句子的主語與謂語動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。要注意的有如下幾點(diǎn)： 用and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如： The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。 有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算；如： This pair of

4、glasses is good My glasses are broken. 有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，如： People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police， 如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)，應(yīng)講 a policeman。 兩個(gè)警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen 所有不定代詞 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作為單數(shù)如： Someone is waiting

5、 for you在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you

6、 will be late for school 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述，為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便，我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew the man, 而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew that he was a good man 這時(shí)賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (th

7、at 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用，不在句中充當(dāng)語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I dont under

8、stand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當(dāng)句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在連接詞中還有4個(gè)常用的連接副詞，how 它的應(yīng)用最廣，如： how much, how many, how long

9、, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時(shí)間狀語，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點(diǎn)狀語，如： Where are you from? why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 在考試中常見到的考點(diǎn)是：賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。主句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)， 如： I know he didnt

10、come. 我知道他沒來。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若是過去時(shí)，賓語從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)中的某一種。比如： 一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)。除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時(shí)間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after， before， when

11、， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點(diǎn)：until (till) 直到，在用 until 表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語的句子中，主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞，則要用否定句，如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語是動(dòng)作的開始

12、時(shí)間，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時(shí)， ago 則多用于一般過去時(shí)，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如： If it rains, they

13、wont go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句用一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點(diǎn)有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài)，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow在原因狀語從句中

14、主要是because， 應(yīng)譯為因?yàn)椤Ｋ磉_(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng)，如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard since 應(yīng)譯為既然，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 應(yīng)譯為由于，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 與 as 所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants

15、 to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級(jí)比較 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有兩點(diǎn)：as as 中間要用原級(jí)而不是比較級(jí)。用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同級(jí)比較用比較級(jí)加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示越來越這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型：比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)，如： The days are ge

16、tting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the 比較級(jí) the 比較級(jí)，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式狀語中要注意的是as (連詞)與 like (介詞)的區(qū)別。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從

17、句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。so that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so 形容詞 a 名詞 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容詞 名詞 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are

18、such good players that they should win the game.在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant buy it so that 之間只有形容詞時(shí)，則不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy so that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus完形填空與閱讀（一）知識(shí)概要 完形填空是一種在語意封閉的情況下考察學(xué)生閱讀能力及

19、掌握語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)能力的綜合性題目。學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)語義完整、語法正確的原則進(jìn)行通篇閱讀。借助文章的現(xiàn)成文字，通過邏輯思維，聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出可能的答案。然后再從所給選擇答案中逐空選出在通讀全文時(shí)腦海中已出現(xiàn)的答案填入空內(nèi)。試推想在小學(xué)五六年級(jí)時(shí)去讀西游記，水滸傳，你也并非每個(gè)字都認(rèn)得，每句話都能真正理解。但你還是可以明了全文的意思，讀得有滋有味。這就是語言能力。所以完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語的情況下，能否全面理解文章的正確意思，然后選入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。在選擇后還要前后彼此呼應(yīng)反復(fù)驗(yàn)證所選答案。有時(shí)答案一時(shí)不易驗(yàn)證，不要急于順序填寫，可能在填出后面答案時(shí)，而得到前面的答案。有時(shí)則需運(yùn)用

20、所學(xué)的詞法、句法、時(shí)態(tài)和固定搭配等知識(shí)對4個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析，比較、排除干擾項(xiàng)，確定正確的答案。待答案全部選定后，一定要復(fù)讀全文以驗(yàn)證：所選答案是否能使全文流暢，邏輯推理是否正確。具體實(shí)事是否成立，前后關(guān)系是否理順。語法是否正確，其中包括時(shí)態(tài)的選擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。在通讀全文時(shí)最好在可能的條件下將所選答案填入文章中，反復(fù)閱讀。而不要在文章空中只寫選項(xiàng)的代號(hào)，這樣影響全文的理解，不易找出錯(cuò)誤之處。在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（）重視首句，首段的開篇啟示作用，讀懂了第一句，或第一段有可能預(yù)測到全篇大意。（）一定要顧及上下文間的語意聯(lián)系。在完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)中，一般是以語義為第一要素同時(shí)兼顧語法。

21、有的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)單獨(dú)填入這個(gè)單句中全是正確的，但拿到文中從下文聯(lián)系起來看，則文理不通。為此要通篇考慮，顧及上下文的聯(lián)系是十分重要的。（）要堅(jiān)持語意第一的原則，而語法應(yīng)放于第二位。完形填空形式上是一種單項(xiàng)選擇式的考察。但實(shí)質(zhì)上也是一種閱讀能力和學(xué)生重建文意能力的考察。它一般是利用語法的正確性與內(nèi)容排斥性的矛盾而命題的。所給答案大都是離開上下文均可說得通的。但語意上辯析、排斥才能找到答案。例如：這里肯定需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，所給答案也都是動(dòng)詞，但只能從意義上考慮而選B項(xiàng)。（）要認(rèn)真注意細(xì)節(jié)，做到語法正確。一些答案在意義上講都是正確的，但從線索上看要找出語法正確的答案。如：（）語意第一原則（）語法正確，注意細(xì)節(jié)

22、的原則在語意正確的前題下，還要根據(jù)學(xué)過的語法知識(shí)，及詞語的固定搭配，選擇正確答案。（）根據(jù)所給答案的不同詞類，從不同角度分別考慮選擇完形填空所給的詞往往是不同類的，這就要求對不同詞類作不同考慮。如果所缺的是動(dòng)詞，那么首先在選擇語意正確的前提下，考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和是否是要填入非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是介詞或副詞則要考慮是否固定搭配，以及介詞、副詞在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上的選擇。若是連詞，則應(yīng)更多地從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的連接上選擇。若是代詞，則應(yīng)考慮性、數(shù)、格等方面，以及形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等。從目前完形填空初中階段的考察看，除語意第一外，更多地選擇了單詞的用法及意義，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，短語和慣用法等。為此，要做

23、好完形填空題目，除有較好的閱讀能力外，更要有扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及日常生活的邏輯推理能力。閱讀理解能力在教學(xué)大綱中有明確的要求。它是目前條件下考查學(xué)生英語運(yùn)用能力的常規(guī)題型之一，也是分值最高的題型之一。學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力如何，標(biāo)志著學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)的潛力有多大，它是集語法，詞匯，邏輯推理背景知識(shí)于一體的綜合語言能力的測試。它除對學(xué)生的閱讀理解的正確性進(jìn)行測試外，同時(shí)從閱讀速度、技巧、文化背景常識(shí)等方面對學(xué)生進(jìn)行測試。從近年各地中考題分析看，閱讀類測試除為一般常規(guī)測試題型外，在試題中所占分值較大，為此應(yīng)引起學(xué)生特別注意。如何做好閱讀理解題呢?首先要求考生有足夠的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較好的閱讀速度以及技巧方面

24、的訓(xùn)練。同時(shí)還要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問題。1要了解閱讀測試的重點(diǎn)如上所述，閱讀過程是一個(gè)綜合作用的過程，為此閱讀的測試就不能僅將著眼點(diǎn)放在語言結(jié)構(gòu)的測試上，而是通過看，通過閱讀獲取信息的能力。在閱讀一篇文章時(shí)，我們首先會(huì)想到：文章說的是什么事情(即中心思想是什么)。事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物是什么。作者所持態(tài)度如何。結(jié)論是什么。有些說明性信息在文章中容易獲取，如：時(shí)間、數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、人物等。有些信息如作者的態(tài)度，事件的結(jié)論，中心思想，文章的標(biāo)題，則需通過文中線索，說明信息等等去分析推斷才能獲取。而這些說明性及內(nèi)隱性的信息正是閱讀理解的測試重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。而其難點(diǎn)在于理解、推斷、得出結(jié)論時(shí)，應(yīng)從英語國家的

25、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、民族問題等方面來考慮，而不是僅從中國人的語言習(xí)慣來作推論。這也是這方面的難點(diǎn)之一。從上文中看，信息的獲得不是直接的，而是必須通過整個(gè)文章的閱讀，理清人物關(guān)系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正確的判定。2閱讀理解的解題思路和方法閱讀理解的測試點(diǎn)是在通過由于閱讀所能夠獲取信息的能力上，所以解題思路的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在：(1) 通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大意；了解作者的寫作目的、對事件的態(tài)度上。 (2) 要注重文句間的相互關(guān)系。既注重主要情節(jié)又不可忽視細(xì)節(jié)。中考中閱讀命題很多情況下是對事件的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而進(jìn)行測試的。 (3) 特別注意首尾句在整個(gè)文章中的作用，以及它起到的啟示和結(jié)論性作用。

26、典型例句1.one +of + 形容詞最高級(jí)+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)One of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in WenChuan.2. Its our duty to do sthIts our duty to help them.3.As.as possibleWe shoud help them as much as possible.4.here be.Here are lots of things we can do.5.We shoud keep calm instead of bei

27、ng afraid.6.make +sb+ 形容詞hard at school. We should learn all kinds of nowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer. 健康問題（熱點(diǎn)） 健康問題是中考?？嫉脑掝}，出題形式多樣，有必要下苦功掌握。典型例句1. It is very important to keep healthy。2. How can we keep healthy?3. We cant go to sleep too late. We cant get up too late。4.

28、We should eat the food healthily。5. We should do more exercise。6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。7. I didnt feel like eating anything。8. I decided to see the doctor。9. In the doctors office, the doctor looks over me carefully。10. He said :Nothing serious. And he told me to take

29、a rest and drink more water。11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful。12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)問題（熱點(diǎn)）環(huán)境保護(hù)問題是中考熱門話題，出現(xiàn)頻

30、率高，難度較大，必須掌握。典型句子1.Itsourdutytosavewate2.Asweknow,waterisveryimportanttoman,3.wecantlivewithoutwater.4.Theamountofwaterwhichissuitabletodrinkislessandless.5.Butsomepeopledontcareaboutit.6.Manyriversandlakesareseriouslypolluted.Somethingmustbedonetostopthepollution.7. Its our duty to protect our envi

31、ronment。8. It is very important to take care of our environment9. We should not throw litter onto the ground10. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees11. We should plant more flowers and trees。12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin13. If everyone makes contrib

32、ution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful。15.Treesareveryhelpfulandimportantforus.17.Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterandmorehealthyinthefuture. tseveryonesdutytoloveandprotecttheenvironment.So I hope all the students in our class stop to use the p

33、lastic bags, and use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment.Lets make our world more and more beautiful.語言學(xué)習(xí)（熱點(diǎn)）這是中考中的老話題，近幾年?？迹问蕉鄻?。典型例句1. My favorite subject is English。2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English。3. It is used by travelers a

34、nd business people all over the world。4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful。5. So English is very important and I like English very much。6. We have a lot of fun in the English class。7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in

35、 the English class。8. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English。9. I like English and try my best to learn it。寫人記事篇這是中考出項(xiàng)頻率最高的話題，其特點(diǎn)是難度相對較小，學(xué)生都有話可寫，但掌握一些基本句子和模仿范文對奪取高分非常必要。典型例句1. His name is Jack。2. He was born in London in 1982。3. He is 1.68 meters tall and weigh

36、s 52 kilos。4. He is 20 years old。5. He comes from England。6. He is a good ping-pong player。7. He is medium build。8. He has short hair。9. He is outgoing. Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us。10. He teaches English very well。11. He works very hard. He works in No.5 Middle School。1

37、2. He loves watching football games after work。13. He often helps me with my English。14. At the age of six, he began to play table tennis。旅游和介紹地方篇（熱點(diǎn)）中考高頻率話題，出題形式靈活。典型例句1. Last Sunday(Saturday,) ,it was sunny(rainy, windy, foggy,)2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to with my frien

38、ds by bike, bus，3. We enjoyed ourselves。4. We forgot the time. We didnt come back until 5 oclock。5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy。6. I thought I would never forget this trip。7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。8. We visited a lot of places of interest。9. We

39、had a good time there。10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。新生事物評價(jià)（熱點(diǎn)）這是中考熱點(diǎn)，這類文章的特點(diǎn)是寫作難度大，因此需要學(xué)生掌握方法，和基本句式，以做到考試時(shí)心中不亂。典型例句1.Computer is becoming more and more important2.we should make good use of it.3.It maybe get in the way of our study.4.We can do lots of things with it5. It makes our life more easy6.Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.初中英語57個(gè)中考必備句型1 as soon as2 asas3 asas possible4 ask sb. for sth.5 ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.6 as