高中英語閱讀猜詞技巧

1、高考英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題解題技巧在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學(xué)立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上， 閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境(各種已知信息)推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統(tǒng)一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要的意義。這類試題包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞生義的推測、以及對 it/they/them等代詞的確指對象的判斷等。這類試題的設(shè)問方式主要有：(1)What does the underl

2、ined word “ them/it ” refer to?(2)In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to).(3)according to the passage,. probably means(4)The author uses the word. to mean. TOC o 1-5 h z (5)The underlined phrase“ punch line ” most probably means.(6)The underlined word “ one” could best be replaced by .(7)What

3、 does “ garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for?( 8) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence“ ”?做這種類型的題，要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境想當(dāng)然。猜測詞義時，要掌握以下三個做題要領(lǐng)和六種解題技巧：做題要領(lǐng)1)文中找線索或信息詞;2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3)根據(jù)上下文判斷

4、新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。解題技巧技巧1Definition 定義法：一般通過定義/定語從句/詞組或同位語從句來確定詞義技巧2Contrast 對比法：利用文中的反義詞、表對比關(guān)系的詞猜測詞義。技巧3Cause Effect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因技巧 4 Example 例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。技巧5WordFormation 構(gòu)詞法：在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。技巧6根據(jù)文段中出現(xiàn)的同義、近義或反義詞的意思進(jìn)行判斷。技巧7根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷。技巧8 根據(jù)文章的背景進(jìn)行判斷。如：技巧9 Context 上下文：利用語境及前后的

5、提示來猜測詞義技巧篇：技巧 1 Definition 定義法：一般通過定義/定語從句/詞組或同位語從句來確定詞義t will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily .從后面的解釋中，我們可以了解到brittle 是 “易碎的，脆的”的意思2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定語從句中l(wèi)ooks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧羊人 ”。技巧 2 Contrast 對比法：利用文中的反義詞

6、、表對比關(guān)系的詞猜測詞義。表示對比的詞有but 、 yet 、 while 、 however、otherwise等。. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.根據(jù)對比關(guān)系，這里cool 和 tropical 是相反的意義，很容易判斷理tropical 的意思為：Hot 熱的.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homel y根據(jù)對比關(guān)系“ homely” means “ ugly技巧 3 C

7、ause Effect 因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.既然一天之內(nèi)看不完所有的展品，這個博物館當(dāng)然是夠“大的 ”了。.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)

8、動中，可以推測permanent 的意思為永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的。技巧 4 Example 例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.根據(jù) for instance后面列舉的一系列例子，我們應(yīng)該能推斷出句中appliances的是指“家用電器 ”。常見的舉例的提示詞有for instance, for example, such as 等 。技

9、巧 5 Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法：在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞 本身猜測詞義。根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根據(jù)詞根educational （教育的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義People in California love to talk about-emissi“onsz evreohicles,” bpulet pine oCa

10、lifornia seem to be cluelessabout where electricity comes from.A.be familiar with B.be curious about C.show their interest in D.fail to understand 后綴 -less是否定后綴，結(jié)合上下文，不難猜出be clueless about 的意思是D（不清楚，不能理解）。根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed

11、 tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkwar（別扭的）dhand positions.Well-designed 或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優(yōu)秀）和 design （設(shè)計(jì)）兩部分組成，合在一起便是設(shè)計(jì)精巧的意思。We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most

12、people that craft （手藝） no longer exists.根據(jù)合成詞中的mass （大量的）和produce （生產(chǎn)） ，我們可以推測mass-produce的意思是：大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的意思。技巧 6 根據(jù)文段中出現(xiàn)的同義、近義或反義詞的意思進(jìn)行判斷。例題 1： I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentr怪僻的 ic（）farmer. Ihad never met him before although I had often heard peo

13、ple talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn?t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.The underlined phrase make

14、 out in the first paragraph means .expectB. understandC. see clearly D. hear clearly根據(jù)第四句話的意思，我們知道“ Even then實(shí)際上是指前文的 ”“ I understood anything，因此這句話可以”理解為 “ Even when I understood anything, all （that） I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident 。顯然， ”“ make out是被用來取代前面

15、的 ”“ understood，以避免重復(fù)，它們應(yīng)該是近義 ”或同義詞，所以，B 選項(xiàng)可能是正確的。例題2：One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite thereverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be use

16、d in place of “ Quite the reverse ”?A. Quite right. B. True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.根據(jù) quite the reverse這個短語前后兩個句子中的“ perfect information與 “ ” imperfect information這兩個意”思相反的詞組，我們可以推斷出quite the reverse這個短語應(yīng)該是表示它前后兩個句子的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。只有 D 選項(xiàng)符合這種意思，因此，可以考慮它是正確答案。技巧 7 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷。例題 1： Quiet

17、ly, the graying of America has made us a very different societ y one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior （行為）is suitable （合適） at various ages.The underlined word ,one? refers to .A. a societyB. AmericaC. a placeD.Population從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，one與society是同位關(guān)系，因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意，是正確答案。例題2：

18、In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world?sgreatest mathematical problem: Fermat?s Last Theorem定理 （ ）. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematic

19、al minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Poly-technique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “ baufsfleed ”in tahse i t eisx t?A. To encourage pe

20、ople to raise questions.To cause difficulty in understanding.To provide a person with an explanation.To limit people?s imagination.在 “ the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematicmalinds”這個句子中，并列連詞and 起著很重要的提示作用，因?yàn)樗馕吨凰B接起來的兩個動詞在意義上有一致性。“ hadb eaten the finestmathematical minds 可以理解為 ”

21、“擊敗了一些頂級的數(shù)學(xué)家”， 而這個定理之所以可以“擊敗一些頂級的數(shù)學(xué)家 ”不外乎是因?yàn)樗y了，因此我們可以順理成章地把baffle 與 difficult 聯(lián)系在一起。我們可以試圖這樣理解這句話“這個定理難住并擊敗了一些頂級的數(shù)學(xué)家”。 四個選項(xiàng)中B 選項(xiàng)最接近這個意思，所以，它是一個正確的可能性最大的選項(xiàng)。又如：例題3：A child?s birthday party doesn?t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to BethAnaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, a

22、ges 4 and 18 months.What does the underlined word “ hassle ” （paragraph 1） probably mean?a party designed by specialistsa plan requiring careful thoughta situation causing difficulty or troublea demand made by guests根據(jù) “ A child?s birthday party doesn?t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of ，這兩

23、個分句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折fun”關(guān)系我們可以推斷出“ hassle與 ”“ fun應(yīng)該是一對反義詞。 ”A、 B、 D 三個選項(xiàng)與這個判斷都不吻合，只有 C 選項(xiàng)與這個判斷比較一致，因此，C 選項(xiàng)是唯一可能正確的答案。技巧 8 根據(jù)文章的背景進(jìn)行判斷。如：JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasonst o be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung（階梯）out of 4 million stude

24、nts taking part in theFifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest （競賽 ）on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. ,Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.I t is just unbelievable!? s

25、aid a teacher from Guangdong province.The underlined phrase ,figure out? in the text means .work outB. add upC. guessD.study文段敘述的是第五屆全國華羅庚杯數(shù)學(xué)競賽的獲獎情況，劃線部分的“ them指”的是“ manyo f theproblems ，因此，根據(jù)文段所敘述的競賽這一背景，可以斷定劃線部分的動詞應(yīng)該是計(jì)算的”意思，只有 A 選項(xiàng)符合文意，因此，是可能正確的答案。技巧 9 Context 上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義例題： 1 Tom can?t fi

26、nd hiss neakers.A.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom can?t find his white sneakersA.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom can?t play tennis now because he can?t find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes【解析】sneakers中學(xué)課本中未出現(xiàn)過的新詞。根據(jù)英語語法，A。 B、 C代入句子中都正確。作為名詞A、 B、 C代人句中意思也說得通。但在speakers前加一個修飾語white就成為 Tom can?t fi

27、nd his whitesneakers那么A 則可去掉，答案則可能是B 和C。而在這句的前面再加一層意思，這就是：Tom can?tplay tennis now because he can?t find his whites neakers. 這樣一看就知道bowls（碗）與打網(wǎng)球沒有什么聯(lián)系，而shoes與打網(wǎng)球卻有密切聯(lián)系，不穿鞋怎么打網(wǎng)球呢？C 就成為唯一正確選項(xiàng)。例題： 2 Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of

28、these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down. At six kilometres, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped壓 （ ;抽 ）down into the rocks and back up to the su

29、rface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean .A. renewable sourceB. underground sourceC. heat inside the earthD. temperature of the earth這一段講的是“ renewable energy source的開發(fā)問題，并且舉例 s ”“ geothermal energy是其中的一種，接下 ”來文章進(jìn)一步解釋“ geothermal energy的形成及開發(fā)利用的方式。 ”A、 B、 D 三個選項(xiàng)指代的范圍都太大，與下文對 “ geothermale nergy ”的解釋不完全一致，因此都可以排除。下文在解釋了地內(nèi)溫度升高的一般規(guī)律后接著說“ To get the heat, water is pumpe壓 d（;抽 ）down into the rocks and b