2020屆上海市松江區(qū)高三英語二模試卷及答案(2020.05)

第第11頁共11頁松江區(qū)2019學年度第二學期模擬考質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語（滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘）2020.05].ListeningC?niprchensioiiSectionARii'^tions：InSectionA,youwillhearshodconversationsbetweentwospeakersAttheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutw[iatwassaid,Tlieconversationsandthequestionswillbesfjokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversatianandthequestionaboinit,reajdthefburpossibleajiswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhicEioneisthebestanswertodiequestionyouhaveheardi.A,Thebroadcast-B-Theweather.A.Sheenjoyedherholidayverymuch.C.Shei.A,Thebroadcast-B-Theweather.A.Sheenjoyedherholidayverymuch.C.Shedidagoodjobintheexam.A,PlayingagameC.ThelatestnewsTD,TheliotidaySheneedn'thaveworkedhardforrheexam.D.SheworkedhardandeaiFnedalotofmoney.B.Ridingahorse.C.Takingaphoto.D.WatchingTVA.Thewomandidn'tsettheresultofthematch.Therev^raslittleaboutthesoccermatchonTV.Theresultofthesocceriwatchwasn'tannounced.D.Theresultwasnotavailableinthenewspaper.A,Inagrocerystore.A.LendhiscarD.Theresultwasnotavailableinthenewspaper.A,Inagrocerystore.A.LendhiscarB.Atabank.D.ATahotel.B.DriveherLhcre.7.A.Bossandsecrctarv.C.Inarepairshop.C.IclephuncLisa.B.Intensewcrandintenricwcc.DCallherataxi.D.Tcuchcrundsutdent.B.Shedoesn'tLiketoread.C.ManagerjndeJerk.D.Tcuchcrundsutdent.B.Shedoesn'tLiketoread.A.FhcirtasteinbooksisdifTcrcnt.D.Thelibraryisn'topenlately.C\Sheonlyreadsbookslhathedoesn'tlike.D.Thelibraryisn'topenlately.A.Sheistiredofdrivinginhciivytriiftlu.Sheenjcjysitbecausesheisgoodatdriving.Sheilocsn'tminditastheroadconditionstiregood.SheisquitEunhappytohavetodrivesuchalongwny.^0.A.Heenn^getthebooksonthelistB.HelackstimetotakethecourieD.Hemustreadalotofbooks.Hedoesn'tlikeliistoiyD.Hemustreadalotofbooks.Directions:LnSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassu呂亡sandonelongerconversation,acidyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem”Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwicerbuttheqjestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,neadthepossibleanswersonyourpar>eranddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions//through13arebased皿the[olhwifigpassage.

I].A.Washhtshandsthoroughly.B.Pracliceeatingpiequickly.AvoideatingmuchFood.D.PreparetherightnFpicA.OntlietableB.Underthebottom.C.Onhislap.D.Behindhisback.A.Swallowinglhepiewithwaler.Holdingtlw卩冷intherightposdioii.EalingfromthemiEsidetowardthemiddle.DLookingsidewayj?toseehowfastyourneighboureats.Questions14through16arebasedonthepassage.A.HowtodothegardeningUMowA.HowtodothegardeningUMowtotakecai^ofbirds.A.ShelterfoodandwaterC,Plante,shelterandfood.ArNottoobsen-xthem.C.Playwiththemregularly.B.Howtogetbirdstoa.gaidenrD,HowtofeedbirdsinagaHen.B.FruitwaterandinsectsD,Plants,seedsandinsects.Nottoapproa€hthem,D.Playsonicmusicforthem.Questions17though20arvbasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Theyarcplanningactivitiesfortheweekend,Theyarclookingforanapartmentinthecicv.Theyarccomplainingabernrtheurbanlivingcn\rironincnrTheyarcdiscussingJivingplacesandchildren'seducation.A.Thenaturalenvironmentisbeneficialtochildren,BThecountrysideisaperfect,placi?torweekends.CThereismuchtodobesidesworkandstudy.It'seonvententforpeopletogoanywhere.A.Then?isalotToseeanddoforchildrenandadults.Thechildrenarctooyoungtobenclltfromcitylife.Thereisn’tenoughforchildrentoseeanddoinlhecityDEventhemselvescannotgoeverywhereintht?city.ASheisafull-timehouaewife.BShedoesnotcarefbrherchildren.G.Shelivedinthesuburbsasachild.Shewill耳htoamuseumnextweekend.ILGrHnimarandVuciibuUurySectinnADiruUions:Afterreadingthe卩Jissagebelow,fiHinthebhnkston^iiketliepejssa^ecoherent?iiicigratilmalseallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththepmperfiirrnofthegivenword;fortheothcrblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Aftergmdualion,SusanwasdiskedLobecometheexeciLtivedirecloroftheFloatingHospital.Sliehesiiatedatfirst,asitwasademandingjobandshewonderedwhethershecouldhandleibButonsecondthoughts,sheagreedtotaketh吧job.(21]thisjobturnedoutrewarding,shesoongottiredofit.(22)(seat)atherdeskoneday,sliewantedtogodowntotheNewSchoolforSocialResearchallofasudden.Sinceshealwaysbelievedinstinctwasanadvantageshetrust,shedecidedtohaveago,WiLheutanyplan,shetitledthecourse'FeeltheFearEindDoItAnyway\SusanwasnervousasshefacedthefirstsessionofThetwelve-weekcourse.Thetwohourswentonsmoothly,butshethen(challenge)withanewfear,forshedidn'tknowwhattopresentthenexlweek.Butsurprisingly,everyweekshefoundshehadmoretasayITerconfidencelevelgix>wingtsherealized,shehadequipped(25)snmuchovertheyearsaboutgettingoverfe:irandherstudentsweredrinkingitup.Attheendofthecourse,tlieywereamazedat(2ft)shiftingtheirthinkingreallychangedtheirlives.Susaneventuallydecidedtowrite』bookbased(itithecoursesheludtaught.Shefacedmanyobstacles.Andafter(27)(reject)byfouragentsEindvtiriouspublishers,sheunwillinglyputtheproposalinadrawer.Onedayafterthreeyearsofwriting,shi?wentthroughLhedrawer(28)sheheldhermueh-rejEctedbookproposal.Pickingitup.shehadasharpsensethatsheheldsomethinginherhandsmanypeopleneededtoread.Shesetourwithmuehdetermin^tien,therefore.(29)(find)呂publisherwhobelievedinherbookthesame^ayshedid.Thistimss,shesucceeded.Shesucceededbevondherwildestdrcams.Shewas,sohappychatshefollowedherheartandnevergaveupovercomingfearswhichstood(30)herwaySectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,tillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbe口sedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.releasedG.fascinationB.eventuallyC.deliveringD.addressactF,formerlyH.sightingI,inquiringJ.undertakenK.misidentifiedFromtheearly1950sunlil2(X}9,adepartmentintheUnitedKingdom'sMinistryofDefence(MoD)doeumeniedandinvestintedreportsofL'FOs.Now,mureihanadecadeaftertheprogram亡nd亡d*manyufthose_3】_classifiedfilesuboutUFOwillheiradeavailableLothepublicfbrthefirsttime.Previously^someMuDfilesaboutLIFOshadbeenpublishedonlineattheL'.K.NationuiJrchives(國家檔案館)website.TheTe/egmphreported.However,Mloftheagency^UFOreportswillbe_32thisyearon"adedicatedgov.ukwebpage.*'sp<ikenpersonfortheBritishRoyalAirForce(RAF)toldTheTelegraph.ThedecisioncameafterPAMedia,aBiilishnewsagency,filedarequestfortheUFOfil亡背underaAm_33_oninibrmationxaccordingtoTheTelegraph.MoDd^cidt^d"itwouhlbebeuertopublishtheserecords,ratherihcincontinue_34_documentstoIlieNationalArchives.1TtheRAFupukespersonsaid.TheU.K.'s_35_withUFOsbeganaround1950.urgingtheMoDtoformlheFlyingSaucerWorkingPartyto_36_thephenomenun.accordinglotheUK.NationalArchive.UFOsintheearly1950sevencapturedtheattentiotiofPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillwhosentamemorohisairministerin1952_37_/'Whatdoesallthisstuffaboutflyingsaucersamountto?Whatcanitmean?Whatisthetruth?-'ThetlyincsaucergroupconcludedthatUFOsweredelusions(錯覺)or38o可wt乩recommendingLttha(nofurtherinvestigationofreportedmysteriousphenomenonintheairbe_39_/'Nevertheless,otherMoDdivisionscontinuedtheworkotofficialUFOin\rcstigationintheUKAfterMoDenactedapolicychangeonDee.1st,2009.Theagencynolongerrecordedorinvcsii^itcdanyUFO_40_,aceerdinglothereport.Butwhattheydidfind-includingmanyrecentUFOreportsthatwerepreviouslyavalJableonlyashardcopies-willbepublishedonlinewithinthencslfewtiiunLhs.saidNiekPope,atennerUFOinvesligatorfortheMoD.ULReadingCoinprchuiislutkSectlutiAUlrecdoiistForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearcfourwordsorphmscsmarkedA,CLindD.FilJineachbkinkwilhthewordorphrase(hatbestfils卄圧context.Anartificialintelligencecanaccurately(ninslati?thoughisintosentences,a(leastluralimitedvocabularyof250words.Thesysictntiwybringusastepcloserto41speechtopeoplewhoha\elostdieability.JosephMakinattheLTniversityofCalitomia,SanFrancisco,andhiscolleaguesuseddeeploamingalcorithms(^ii)tostudythebrain42_oflourwomenastheyspoke.The^otnen,whoallsuflcrirumacertainkimlofbraindisorder,alreadyhidelectrodesattachedtotheirbrainstomonitordiseaseattacks.Eachwomanwasaskedtoreadaloudfromasetofsentencesastheteam43brainactL'itv.Thelargestgroupofsentences_44250unique^ords.Theteamfedthisbrainactivitytoanetworkalgorithmrelatedtonerves,tniinlngitto45regularlyoccurringpatternsthatcuiddbelinkedtorepeatedaspectsofspeech.Thesepatternswerethenfedtoasecondnctwrork.whichtriedtoturnihcmintowordsto46asentence.Eachwomanrepeatedthesentencesatleastt^icc,andthefinalrepetitiondidn'tfcnnpartofthetrainingdata._47theresearcherstotestThesysTem.Eachtimeapersonspeaksthesamesentence,thebrainactivityassociatedwillbesimilarbutnotexactlythesane.'"Memorizingthebrainacuviiyofthesesentenceswouldn'thelp,48thenetworkinsteadhastolearnwhat'ssimilaraboutthemsothatitcangeneralizetothisfinalexample/saysMakin.Across±elourwomen,theA[]sbestpcriomianccwasanaveragetranslationerrorrateot3percent,Makinsaysthatusingasmallnumberofsentencesmadeit49torTheAltolearnwhichwordstendtofollowothers.Forexample,theAlwasableto50(hattheword"Bear"wasalwayslikelytofollowtheword"Teddy11inacertainsexofsentences,frombrainactivityalone.Theteamtriedtransformingthebrainsignaldatainto51wordsatatime,ratherthanwholesentences,butthis52_theerrorrareto38percenteventorthebestperformance.4<Sothenetworkclearlyislearningtactsaboutwhichwordsgotogether,noijustwhichbrainactivity53withwhichwords^savsMakin.Thiswillmakeilhardtoscaleupthesysiemu>a/'an54vocjbular^rbecauseeachnewwordincreasesthenumberofpossiblesentences,reducing55SophieScottatUniversityColl已呂已Londonsayswcarcalongwayfrombeingabletotranslatebrainsignaldatacomprehensively.41.A.assigningB.conveyingC.reskiringD.introducing42.A.systemsELsignalsC.signaturesD.symbols*43.A.illuminatedB,discoveredUmeasuredD.stopped44”A”consistedofB,adjustedtoC.agreedwithDReusedon45”A”simplifyB.identifyC”intensityD.justify46lA.TindersrandB.formC.describeD.judge47.A-allowingELinspiringC.instructingD.advising48.A”becauseB,soUifD.but49.A”quickerB,slowerUeasierD.tougher50.A.splitB.reflectC.decodeDtear51.A.individualBcoTntnunC.modilledDtechnics!52.A,increasedB,decreasedC.leveledD.degraded53.A”tuniishedB,mixedC,associatedD.aimed5斗”A”卩assiveB.activeC+limitedD.卩anded55.A.tendencyB.currencyC.cieeumcyD.IluenevJSectionBOircctiims:Readthefollowingthreepassage&rEachpassageisfollowedby^everu-lquestionsoruntinishedstatements.ForeachofThemtherearcfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninThepassageyourhavejustread.HaveyoueverlieardofNollywoud?NoIIvwlkilIisthenameoftheNigeritin（尼日利業(yè)的）filmindustry:Nigeriaisoneofthelargestfilmindustriesintheworldbasc4onthequantityoffilmsproduced,placingthemrightbelowIndia'sBollywoodandaboveUSA'sHolIwood!Bominaround1992.HollywoodisrheyoungestcomparedwithTheothertwo^'oods^,andusesnewformsoffinancingandproduction,Nowit'sinadulthood,andbiggerproductionshavebecomemorere^ula.r.However,（hiswasnotalwaysthecase.AlttioughmovietheaterswererareinNigeriaduringearlierperiod,originalstorieswerenot.Despitelackoffunilii呂iulexperiencesc1t-mEi<ledirectorsbegantousecommercialvideocamerastoshoottheirmoviesandsoldthemforhomeviewing.Eventhoughthisresultedinmovieswithlawproductionvalue,theorigina]storiesinstantlymadethemahit.Today,thefilmindustryisdielargestemployerafteragricultureandmakesup5%ofMigeria'sGDP.Nigeriaisabigplayerintheindustryanditisconstantlyimprovingitscraft,takingonnewchallenges.Noll^oodisknownmainlytoritscomediesanddramas,butweareincreasinglyseeinghorrormoviesandmusicals.Althoughsometimesheavilycriticizedforlowproductionvalues,Noll^oodcontinuestogrowfansworldwide.TJigerianmoviesnowTnakeup11%ofNigeria1snon-uiIexports?Theaveragemovieisproducedin7-IOdaysonabudgetbetween￡7,000-J2,000〔Hollywood*averageisaround￡60tnillio口permovievithoneyearproductionrimc).Thisischanging,however,asmoreUlnuiukeiBarereceivingpropertrainingandareaimingtomakefilmsuptotheintemationa]standard.WhatistheadvantageofNollywood?Commercialsupport.B.Originalstories.[^omiTiLinlcoinedies.D.Faslproduclion.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout""wood尹isNOTtrueaccordingTothepassage?Hollywoodproducesmorefilmsthantheotheriwo"woods"'.Nnllywoodisknownastheyoungestamorigthethree'woods11.Ilol^ood1sbudgetforanaveragemovieismuchLessthanNoJMvoad^.Ittakesmuchlesi；timetoproduceaNullywood111mthanaHollywoodone.Wecaninferfiomtliepassagethat.Nollwaod'scontributiontoNigera'sGDPissecondonlytoagriculhircNollywoodmetkesfewercomediesanddratnasthanhorrormoviesandmusicalsmoviesmadebyNollywoodoccupymorethan11%ofNigeria'sexportindustrymorehimmakersinNollywocidarealtenipLin呂toimprovethequalityofitsIIlinsThepassagemainlytalksabour,tllnisworthenjoyinginNigeria.B-majordiflerentesamongthe'misingfiimrcofNollywood.DfeaturesandchangesofNollywood(B)Here'stheba<lnews:Menarehurting,and,accordingtomanyresearchers.mascu]inityF(男了氣)Is^vhatishurtingthematidmakingithardforthemtomaintainfriendships.Societytellsmentohidetlieirfeelingsanc.1已xpeels(hemtobeciggressive,somanymenlosetlieirfriendshipwhengrowingup.Thegoodnewsisthattiioseskillscanbeiecovered!Therearcaletofexpertswhocanhelp,andhcre*swhattheyrccoinniend:Acceptyournwndesireandiionnulizeitfortlie卩eopleinyourlik.Way,an住貳卩erLrecommendssharinganiclcsaboutmasculinityandtriendshipsothatyoucanstarttheseconversations!Conuentrutenntil已manddon'tforgetyouhavelheeTitireIniemetatyourllngertips,friend!ModelMilnerability.Sa.ythethingthatfrightensorworriesyou.like"Tmafraidnobodywillgotomypart}'."or"Imissmygrandmaeveryday/'DoingsowillmakeiteasiertorotherpeopleTofollowyourlead.Wearealloiltheelevatortoasocietywhereemotionalavailabilityisnormalized,andIwantyoucopress''dooropen1'.Askmorequestions.Peoplesometimesfeelllieymightbeprying(愛打聽的)iPtheyasksomeojieaboutthcmselves-espcciallywhenTheirinendissharingsomcctiingTough.Butifyougetcuriousinmomentsofvulnerabilityyouwillopenthedoortoallkindsofgrowihinyourrelationship.Taketheopportunitytoreallyseeyourfriendandshowthemtheymatterbyfollowingup.Getclosewiththechildreninyourlite.Way'sresearchsaysthatthetopprioritythathelpschildren(especiallyboysigrowupTohaveenrichingInendshipsistobeclosewithanadultrelativewhowasnoratraidtoexpressemotions.So.ifyouarcafather,stcpiathcr.orthinkingaboutbecomingone.orifyouhaveniecesornephews,taketheopportunitytobeclosetothemandhelpthemgrowuptobegoadiiiends.luo.Wtiatisthecommonconceptofbeingartiun?Tohavenofriendsatnil.Toj[iaintaintriendships.Neltoshowtruefeelings.Nottohurtothersaggressively.WhichisNOTreenmmendedaccordingLuthepassage?Amanshouldshowhisvulnerabilityinfrontofhisfellows.R,Amanshouldacceptandnormalizepeople'sdesireinhislife”AmanshouldtaketheopportunitytobeclosetochildrelativesTXAmanshouldshowhisfriendstheymatterbyaskingquestions,Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?WaystoHelpMenHaveFriendship,R.HowtoExpressTrueFeelingsWaystoBecomeaTrueMan.[lowtoBeBraveto11日veFriejids.Nostudentofaforeignlanguageneedstobetoldthatgrammariscomplex.Bychangingtheorderofthewordsandbyaddingarangeofauxiliaryverbs(助動詞)申carcabletocommunicatevariationsinmeaning,Vfecanturnastatementintoaqilestian,statewhetheranactionhastakenplaceorissoontotakeplace.andperformotherwordtricksToconveydelicatedifferencesinmeaning.Besides,gramtnarisuniversalandplaysapanineverylanguage,nomatterhowwidespreadiiis.So(hequestionwhichhasconfusedmanylinguistsis:whocreatedgrammar?Atfirst,thisquestionwouldappearimpossibletoanswer.Tofindouthowgrammariscreatwi.someoneneedstobepresentatthetimeofalanguage'screation,documentingitseinergcncc.SomelinguistsarcabletoTracemodemcomplexlanguagesbacktoearlierlanguages,buttoknowtheibrmingof<icrnplt!Xlanguages,[heresearcherni?cdsioobservehowlanguagesarestartedfrx>m?afth.Amazingly,however,thisispossible.SomerecentlanguagesevolveddueTotheAtHnneslavetrade.Atthattime,slavestromdifferentnationswereforcedioworktogether.Sincetheycouldnotlearneachother1slanguages,theydevelopednpidgin.Pidginsarcstringsofwordscopiedfromthe；Jatigimgeofthelandowners,Litriegrammarisfoilndinthem,andinmanyeasesiTisdiffHculraralisTcnertoinferwhenaneventhappened,andwhodidwhattowhom.Speakersneedto口弭irireinnlocution〔遷回曲折的說法)inordertomakethcmschcsunderstood.Interestingly.however,allittakesforapidgintobecomeacomplexlan^uaceisforagroupofchildrelitobeexposedtoit.Sla^echildrendidnotsimplycopywordsiromtheirelders,theyadaptedthemtocreatealanguage,hincludednewwordordersandgraniniaticalmarkers.Complexgrammarsystemsmergingfrompidginsaretermedcreoles,whichareinventedbychildren.SomelinguisTsbelievethatmanyoftheworld'smostestablishedlatiguageswerecreolesatfirst.The-cdendinginEnglishpasttensemayhaveevolvedfrom"did^/'Itendcd'\whichwasfirstusedbykids,mayoncehavebeen"Itcnd-dld".Therefore,itwouldappearthateventhemostwidespreadlanguageswerepartlycreatedbychildren.ChildrenappeartohavebeenbornwithgrammaticalmachincrvFinTheirbrains,whichcanservetocreatelogical,complexstmcturcs.evenwhenthereisnogrammarpresentforthemtocopy.Whatdocsparagraph]mainlytellus?Languagelearnersknowthatgrammarisofcomplexity.Onecaldoalotwithhisgoodcommandofgrammar.Gratntnarisbothcomplexanduniversalinlanguages.DLinguistsfaceaquestionincreatingconfusinggrammarsTheunderlinedexpression“Trom?:itWinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtofromtheverybeginninginancientculturesbycopyingsome由in書elsebyusingwrittftiinfbrniatjonWhatcanbeinferredabouttheslaves1pidginLanguage?Itcontainedsicomplexcrammarsystem,ItwasfirstcreatedbytheslavcsFlandowners.Itwasbasedonalotofdificrentlanguages.Itwasdifficulttounderstand,evenamongslaves,Whatcanbeconcludediromthelastparagraph?TheEnglishpasttensesystemisinaccurate.English^pasprobablyonceakindofcreole.LinguistshaveproventhatEnglishwascreatedbychildren,ChildrenuseEnglishpasttensesdifferentlyfromadults.SectionCDirections:CotnplcTcthefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearctwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Thiscouldadddesirednutrientstothesoilthankstotherichvarietyofcrops.Overcenturies,thegrowthofagricultureconuihuredtotheriseofcivilizations.Inexperimentswithpeaplants,helearnedhowwaitswerepassedfromonegenerationtoanotherDInthe1830sCyrusMeConniekFshar\pcstingmachinehelpedmodernizethegrain-cutting卩rocess,Thishelpedtoproduceextrafoodiotradeforothergoodsandallowedpeopletoworkatothertasks.F”T^ewagriculturalinventionsdramaricallyincreasedfoodproductioninEuropeandEuropeancolonies.AperiodofimporlantagriculturaldeveJopinenlbeganintheearly1700sinGreatBritainaniltheLowCountries(Belgium,[.uxembourg.andtheNetherlands,whichliebelowsealevel).(67)Oneofthemostimportantoftliesedevdapmentswasanimprovedhorse-drawnseeddrillinventedbyJethroTullinEngland.UntilthatLinne.fannerssowedseedsbyhcind.Tull'sdrillmademwsofholesfortheseeds.Bytheendoftlie1Sthcentury,seeddrillingwaswidelypracticedinEurope.MdiiyothermachinesweredevelopedintheUnitedSlates,(68)Ataboutthesametime.JohnandHiramPittsintroducedahorse-paxveredthresher(脫粒機)thatshortenedTheprocessofseparatinggrainandseedfromstraw.JohnDeere'ssteeI卩l(xiāng)ow(犁)，introducedinI337.madeirpassibletoworkrhetoughsoilwithmuchlesshorsepowerAlongwithnewmachines,therew&reseveralimportantadvancesinselectivefarmingByselectivelybreedinganimals(breedingthosewithdesirabletraits),farmersincreasedthesizeandproductivityoftheirlivestock.Plantscouldalsobeselectivelybredforcertainqualities.TnIR66TGregorMendel'sstudiesinheredity(遺傳)werepublishedinAustria.(69)Hisworkpa\cdthewayfnrimprovingcropstlirougligenetics.Newcropplantingmethodsalsoevolvedduringthistime.ManyofthesewereadoptedoverthenextcenturyorsothroughoutEurope.Forexample,theNorfolkfour-fieldsystem,developedinEngland,provedquitesuccessful.Itinvolvedtheyearlyrotation(輪作)ofseveralcrops,includingwhtat.turnips,barley,clover,andryegrass,(70)Moreover,thismethodenabledi^rmerstogrowenoughtosellsomeoftheirharvestwithouthavingtoleaveanyLandunplantcd.Notallpurrsoftheworldbenefitedfromthesedevelopmentsinstantly,however.FarmersinolherpartssuchasAustraliaandAfricacontinuedtouseoldwaysofagricultureforalongtime.IV*SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefbllowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyuurownwonlsaslaraspossible.Now.ilmayseemstnmgctoJcartifromsomeonewhowritesaboutprettydresseseverydaybutiyoudonhthavetobeprettyandyoudon'Lhuvetosparenoefforttobeprettyjusttopleaseothers.Youdon'thavetoicelbothereilforyourplainlookingthatmakesyouunnoiiccd.Afterall,everyoneufus^vliethercharmingornot,isadr^pinLheoceanandyuudon'towepreltinesstnanvonc.Admittedly,I'mnotsayingthatyoushouldrHbeprettyifyouweioIlu.BeingprettyispIcasant,nin,rcfreshingaridsatis^ing.TnakingpeoplefeeldelightedandsmileatyouLincoiisciously.Butintermsofi]npDrtancBJ,prettijiessstandsseveralstepsdownfromhap卩山亡耳乳怡waybelowheallh衛(wèi)nUifdoneasanobligationxc