考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues,accordingtothecontributorstoTheUniversityinTransformation.

Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.Thismodehaschangedsurprisinglylittlefromthatwhichemerged1,000yearsagoinmedievalEurope,Professorslecture,studentslisten,askquestions,andaretestedonhowwelltheyremembertheirprofessors’words.Butamillenniumlater,timeshavechanged.Likeitornot.Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.Competingmodelsarebeginningtoemerge,incorporatingnewtechnologies,newformsoforganization,andnewsocialgoals.

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday:Forinstance,whyshouldhighereducationcostsomuch,wheninformationnowcanbesoeasilyandcheaplysharedthroughtheInternetandothercomputer-basedtechnologies?Andwhymuststudentsregisterexclusivelyatoneinstitutiontopursueadegree,ratherthanfreelytakecoursesforcreditwhenandwherevertheybestmeettheirownparticularneeds?

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUnity-avoluntarycommunityofscholar/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent-orotherdangers-willnecessarilyfollow.Countermovementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

51.Aboutthebasicstructureofuniversities,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

52.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,______.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

54.Accordingtothereview,whatshouldbethefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation?

55.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Olduniversitieswerealwaysinvillages.

B.Thetraditionalidealofcampushasbeenstrengthened.

C.Theconventionalmodelhasradicallychangedinthepastmillennium.

D.Theself-containedparadigmischallengedbynewtechnologiesandvalues.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.heisinfavorofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisambivalentaboutit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

B.Internetbasedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

C.Internetbasedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolvecurrentlocalandsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstoprospectiveinternationalproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】51.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于大學(xué)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，下面哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues（大學(xué)作為自給自足的村莊的舊范式正在被新技術(shù)和新的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀打破）可知D項(xiàng)“自成一體的范式受到新技術(shù)和價(jià)值觀的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“以前的大學(xué)總是在農(nóng)村”，該項(xiàng)表述太絕對(duì)，文章并沒(méi)有提到以前的大學(xué)都在農(nóng)村；第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.（一千年來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為校園是一個(gè)像村莊一樣的學(xué)術(shù)、討論和研究的社區(qū)，但這種理想正在逐漸消失）可知B項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的校園理想得到了加強(qiáng)”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.（傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為，只有一個(gè)小村莊，即大學(xué)校園，才能培養(yǎng)出大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，這種觀念構(gòu)成了今天大多數(shù)大學(xué)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）可知C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)模式在過(guò)去的千年里發(fā)生了根本性的變化”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

52.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“當(dāng)書(shū)評(píng)人討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)時(shí)，……”。文章第四段講了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)：suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.（比如容易安排課程，同時(shí)高效率地向數(shù)千甚至數(shù)百萬(wàn)學(xué)生提供講座，各地的學(xué)生隨時(shí)可以獲得世界各大圖書(shū)館的資源）；但是接著第五段就講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)帶來(lái)的一些弊端：underselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（會(huì)使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實(shí)體大學(xué)降低學(xué)費(fèi)，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬(wàn)的職業(yè)學(xué)者失業(yè)）。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，書(shū)評(píng)人并沒(méi)有做出自己個(gè)人喜好的判斷，所以A項(xiàng)“他是支持的”、C項(xiàng)“他對(duì)此有矛盾的態(tài)度”和D項(xiàng)“他強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)”可以排除。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“他的觀點(diǎn)是客觀公正的”正確。

53.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項(xiàng)不被認(rèn)為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的潛在危險(xiǎn)？”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（除了強(qiáng)制實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化課程外，這種“盒子里的大學(xué)教育”可能會(huì)會(huì)使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實(shí)體大學(xué)降低學(xué)費(fèi)，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬(wàn)的職業(yè)學(xué)者失業(yè)）可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的潛在危險(xiǎn)包括：讓傳統(tǒng)的實(shí)體大學(xué)的老師失業(yè)，并且互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的課件內(nèi)容是有模板的，缺乏多樣化，另外網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的成本比傳統(tǒng)的課程費(fèi)用低，所以A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)的教師可能會(huì)失去他們的工作”、B項(xiàng)“基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的課程可能比傳統(tǒng)課程更便宜”和C項(xiàng)“基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的課件內(nèi)容缺乏多樣性”都屬于潛在危險(xiǎn)，可以排除；D項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)可能會(huì)做很多宣傳培養(yǎng)教師”文中沒(méi)有提到培養(yǎng)老師。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

54.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)本書(shū)評(píng)，大學(xué)教育的根本使命應(yīng)該是什么？”。第七段提到了大學(xué)教育的使命，第二句提到insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld（大學(xué)學(xué)生和教授可以把他們的學(xué)習(xí)和研究工作集中在他們當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問(wèn)題上，而不是主要接受技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立他們個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯），由此可以推斷，大學(xué)教育的根本使命應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)研究如何處理當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問(wèn)題，而不是接受技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立他們個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯，所以A項(xiàng)“知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)建設(shè)”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)如何解決當(dāng)前當(dāng)?shù)睾蜕鐣?huì)問(wèn)題”正確；C項(xiàng)“研究未來(lái)國(guó)際問(wèn)題的解決方案”表述與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“在學(xué)習(xí)中結(jié)合教師和學(xué)生的研究努力”這屬于完成使命中的過(guò)程，而不是使命的目標(biāo)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“從未來(lái)大學(xué)教師的三個(gè)新角色來(lái)判斷，大學(xué)教師……”。文章最后一段提到了大學(xué)教師的三個(gè)角色，從第二句話Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.（有些會(huì)充當(dāng)中介，通過(guò)整合和搭配世界各地機(jī)構(gòu)的最佳課程，為每個(gè)學(xué)生量身定制學(xué)位-學(xué)分課程）可以推斷，大學(xué)教師的角色之一是向?qū)W生提供個(gè)性化和綜合性的課程，B項(xiàng)“被要求為他們的學(xué)生提供更多的課程”表述與原文不相符；第三句提到Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.（第二種類型是導(dǎo)師，其作用與今天的教師顧問(wèn)很相似，但很可能在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之外帶更多的學(xué)生），可推斷D項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該用他們的專業(yè)指導(dǎo)更多的學(xué)生”也不符合原文；根據(jù)文章最后一句Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.（教師的第三個(gè)新角色，在吉德利看來(lái)也是最具挑戰(zhàn)性和最有益的角色，將是作為意義的創(chuàng)造者：富有魅力的圣人和實(shí)踐者，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)生和同事團(tuán)隊(duì)共同努力，為具體的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界問(wèn)題找到精神上的、理性的和技術(shù)上的解決方案）可推斷，大學(xué)教師的新角色之一就是需要承擔(dān)更多的職責(zé)，C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該承擔(dān)更苛刻的職責(zé)”符合原文；A項(xiàng)“需要進(jìn)行更多的獨(dú)立研究”在原文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thatisa______pointofview.Idon’tagreewithyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crystal

B.protein

C.union

D.conservative

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)crystal“水晶”；B選項(xiàng)protein“蛋白質(zhì)的”；C選項(xiàng)union“聯(lián)合”；D選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”。句意：這觀點(diǎn)很______。我不同意你的看法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”搭配pointofview比較合理，意思指這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)非常保守，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.

B.Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.

C.Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.

D.Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasoriginalindesign.

B.Itwasthought-provoking.

C.Itwasdefective.

D.Itwasmisguided.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.

B.Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.

C.Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.

D.Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Haveyoueverhadsomeonetrytoexplainsomethingtoyouadozentimeswithnoluck—butthen,whenyouseeapicture,theideafinallyclicks?Ifthatsoundsfamiliar,maybeyoumightconsideryourselfavisuallearner.Or,ifreadingorlisteningdoesthetrick,maybeyoufeellikeyou’reaverballearner.

Wecalltheselabelslearningstyles,butistherereallyawaytocategorizedifferenttypesofstudents?Well,itactuallyseemsthatmultiplepresentationformats,especiallyifoneofthemisvisual,helpmostpeoplelearn.

[16]Whenpsychologistsandeducatorstestforlearningstyles,they’retryingtofigureoutwhethertheseareinherenttraitsthataffecthowwellstudentslearn,insteadofjustapreference.Usually,theystartbygivingasurveytofigureoutwhatstyleastudentfavors,likevisualorverballearning.Then,theytrytoteachthestudentssomethingwithaspecificpresentationstyle,likeusingvisualaids,anddoafollow-uptesttoseehowmuchtheylearned.Thatway,theresearcherscanseeiftheself-identifiedverballearnersreallylearnedbetterwhentheinformationwasjustspokenaloud,forexample.

But,accordingtoa2008review,onlyonestudythatfollowedthisdesignfoundthatstudentsactuallylearnedbestwiththeirpreferredstyle.[17]Butthestudyhadsomebigflaws.Theresearchersexcludedtwothirdsoftheoriginalparticipantsbecausetheydidn’tseemtohaveanyclearlearningstylefromthesurveyatthebeginning,andtheydidn’tevenreporttheactualtestscoresinthefinalpaper.So...itdoesn’treallyseemlikelearningstylesareaninherenttraitthatweallhave.But,thatdoesn’tmeanthatallstudentswilldoamazinglyiftheyjustspendalltheirtimereadingfromatextbook.

Instead,mostpeopleseemtolearnbetterifthey’retaughtinseveralways,especiallyifoneisvisual.Inonestudy,researcherstestedwhetherstudentsrememberedlistsofwordsbetteriftheyheardthem,sawthem,orboth.Andeveryoneseemedtodobetteriftheygottoseethewordsinprint,eventheself-identifiedauditorylearners.Theirpreferencedidn’tseemtomatter.

Similarstudiestestedwhetherstudentslearnedbasicphysicsandchemistryconceptsbetterbyreadingplaintextorviewingpictures,too.[18]Andeveryonedidbetterwiththehelpofpictures.

16.Whydopsychologistsandeducatorsstudylearningstyles?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)為什么心理學(xué)家和教育家要研究學(xué)習(xí)方式？錄音提到，當(dāng)心理學(xué)家和教育學(xué)家為學(xué)習(xí)方式做測(cè)試時(shí)，他們?cè)噲D弄清楚這些是否是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果的固有特征，因此B選項(xiàng)“看它們是否是影響學(xué)習(xí)的固有特征”符合錄音原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“了解人類大腦的機(jī)制”和D選項(xiàng)“找出學(xué)生更喜歡學(xué)什么”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同類型的學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行分類”，利用錄音的categorizedifferenttypesofstudents設(shè)干擾，錄音中只是質(zhì)疑是否真的有辦法把不同類型的學(xué)生分類，這并不是心理學(xué)家和教育家研究學(xué)習(xí)方式的原因，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutonestudymentionedinthe2008review?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者對(duì)2008年評(píng)論中提到的一項(xiàng)研究有何看法？錄音提到，這項(xiàng)研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C選項(xiàng)“它是有缺陷的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它在設(shè)計(jì)上是原創(chuàng)的”，利用錄音的original設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到研究人員排除了三分之二的最初參與者，并未提到設(shè)計(jì)上的事，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“它是發(fā)人深省的”和D選項(xiàng)“它被誤導(dǎo)了”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及。

18.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyaboutlearningattheendoftalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)在談話的最后，說(shuō)話者想傳達(dá)關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的什么信息？錄音最后提到，類似的研究測(cè)試了學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀純文本或觀看圖片是否能更好地學(xué)習(xí)基本的物理和化學(xué)概念，所有人在圖片的幫助下都做得更好。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“視覺(jué)上的輔助對(duì)所有類型的學(xué)習(xí)者都有用”符合錄音原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“閱讀純文本比看圖片更有效”與錄音最后提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果恰好相反，因此錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有視覺(jué)輔助，科學(xué)概念很難理解”，錄音中未提及理解科學(xué)概念的難度，因此B選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)覺(jué)輔助和視覺(jué)輔助一樣重要”，錄音提到一項(xiàng)研究測(cè)試學(xué)生在聽(tīng)、看和聽(tīng)看并用的情況下記單詞的效果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有學(xué)生在“看”單詞時(shí)，記單詞的效果最好，即使自認(rèn)為偏好用“聽(tīng)”來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生也是這樣。由此可見(jiàn)，“看”應(yīng)該比“聽(tīng)”效果更好，因此排除C選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutsevenoutoftenadultsintheworldwereconsideredliterate.Theincreaseinliteracyfromancienttimestothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread,theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.

Ofthesefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemostdecisive.Inancientsocieties,aspeoplesettledintostablepatternsofagricultureandtrade,itbecameusefulforsomeofthemtoreadandwriteinordertokeeprecords,totransactbusiness,andtomeasureamountsofland,animals,goods,materials,andproduce.Sincealleconomicaspectsofasocietywerecloselytiedtotheoperationsofgovernment,literarybecameusefulandevennecessaryforthekeepingofrecordsbyofficials.TheresponsibilitiesofcitizenshipledtoafairlyhighlevelofliteracyinancientGreeceandRome,butinadditiontothat,therealsogrewanappreciationofgoodliterature,poetry,drama,history,andphilosophy.

DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneralbreakdownofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literarybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.ButinthelateMiddleAges,intheperiodoftheRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.

Withtheinventionoftheprintingpressandinexpensivepaperlateinthe15thcenturytherewasforthefirsttimeagreatavailabilityofreadingmaterialforamuchgreaternumberofpeople.Religiousreformerswereamongthefirsttoutilizethesituation,quicklygettingtranslationsoftheBibleandeducationaltractsandbookletsintothehandsofmanypeople.

Thebroadenedreligiousenlightenmentthatresultedwasfollowedinlatercenturiesbyapoliticalone.Politicaltheoristswhofavoreddoctrinespromotingthenaturalrightsofmancalledforanattackuponilliteracy.Politicalrevolutions,particularlyintheUnitedStatesandFrance,helpedinaugurateanerainwhichallclasseswerecalledupontobecomeinformedonpublicpolicyfortheirownwelfare.Againstthispoliticalbackgroundthereemergedthemovementforuniversalpopulareducation.Literacycametobeunderstoodasameanswherebytheindividualcouldbenefitandadvance,andgraduallywholesocietiesbegantoacknowledgethatuniversalliteracyamongtheircitizenswasanavenuetogreatereconomicwell-being.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknow________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajordrivingforcebehindtheprogresstowardmoreliteracy?

4.IntheRenaissance,itwas________thatgreatlyexpandliteracy.

5.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theprogressofliteracywasdominatedsuccessivelybyeconomy,religionandpolitics.

B.DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withtheincreaseofcommerce,literacybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.

C.Theeconomicaspectisthemostrelatedtotheman’sreadingability.

D.IntheperiodoftheRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofreligionandbusinessledtoarevivalinliteracy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisfairlyeasytodetermineliteracy

B.thereisnoilliteracyinarichfamily

C.historyseesanevenprogresstowardsliteracy

D.inhistoryliteracysuffersupsanddowns

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofeducation.

B.Theavailabilityofreadingmaterials.

C.Theeconomicdevelopment.

D.Thenecessitytoread.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereligiousreforms

B.translationandpopularizationoftheBible

C.availabilityofprintingtechnologyandcheappaper

D.therenovationsoftheteachingmethods

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereligiousmovementsthatpromotedtheliteracyofthepublic

B.thenewprogresstowardsliteracyinitiatedbydemocraticsociety

C.modernpoliticalmovementtowardsademocraticsociety

D.politicalmovementsattheendoftheMiddleAgesfightingilliteracy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.（商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興，出于同樣的原因，使之在古代世界的效用增加。），結(jié)合第一段最后一句Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread…（在特定社會(huì)中，人們的讀寫(xiě)能力受到若干因素的影響，其中包括經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、是否有可供閱讀的材料……），可知在諸多影響文化發(fā)展的文化中，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件是最具有決定性的，C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)水平與人的閱讀能力關(guān)系最大”正確。A選項(xiàng)“文化的進(jìn)步先后受到經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教和政治的主導(dǎo)”：文化一直受到經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，文章沒(méi)有提到文化的進(jìn)步由宗教和政治的主導(dǎo)，屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“在中世紀(jì)早期，隨著商業(yè)的發(fā)展，識(shí)字主要局限于教會(huì)”：根據(jù)第三段第一句DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneralbreakdownofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literarybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.（在中世紀(jì)早期，隨著歐洲社會(huì)的全面崩潰和商業(yè)的衰落，文學(xué)在很大程度上局限于教會(huì)。），可知在中世紀(jì)早期，商業(yè)不是在發(fā)展，而是在衰落，屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，宗教和商業(yè)的巨大擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興”：根據(jù)第三段第二句thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracy（商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興），可知是商業(yè)的發(fā)展讓文化復(fù)興，不包括宗教的發(fā)展，屬于偷換概念。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Theincreaseinliteracyfromancienttimestothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.（從古至今，文化水平的提高并不是持續(xù)不斷的進(jìn)步。），可知文化水平并不是持續(xù)向上提升的，D選項(xiàng)“在歷史上，文化素養(yǎng)有起有落”正確。A選項(xiàng)“確定讀寫(xiě)能力相當(dāng)容易”和B選項(xiàng)“富裕的家庭沒(méi)有文盲”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。C選項(xiàng)“歷史見(jiàn)證了文化的進(jìn)步”：文中沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)文化在歷史發(fā)展中持續(xù)進(jìn)步，反而是有起有落，屬于偷換概念。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Ofthesefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemostdecisive.（在這些因素中，有用性可能最具決定性。），讀寫(xiě)在實(shí)際生活中的作用，也就是實(shí)用性推動(dòng)了讀寫(xiě)能力的提高，D選項(xiàng)“閱讀的必要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“受教育者的數(shù)量”，B選項(xiàng)“閱讀材料的可用性”和C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”：對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread,theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.（在一個(gè)特定社會(huì)中，人們的讀寫(xiě)能力受到若干因素的影響，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、可供閱讀的材料、有效的受教育者人數(shù)以及閱讀的用處的基本情況。），但這些不是最主要的因素。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Withtheinventionoftheprintingpressandinexpensivepaperlateinthe15thcenturytherewasforthefirsttimeagreatavailabilityofreadingmaterialforamuchgreaternumberofpeople.（15世紀(jì)晚期，隨著印刷機(jī)和廉價(jià)紙張的發(fā)明，第一次有了大量的閱讀材料可供更多的人使用。），可知印刷機(jī)和廉價(jià)紙張讓更多人可以閱讀，提高閱讀能力，C選項(xiàng)“印刷技術(shù)和廉價(jià)紙張的可用性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“宗教改革”和B選項(xiàng)“圣經(jīng)的翻譯和普及”：不是主要原因，屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“教學(xué)方法的革新”文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。這一段講述了追求民主的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)推動(dòng)全民教育的發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)“民主社會(huì)在掃盲方面的新進(jìn)展”正確。A選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)公眾讀寫(xiě)能力的宗教運(yùn)動(dòng)”：這里提到的不是宗教運(yùn)動(dòng)，而是政治運(yùn)動(dòng)，屬于偷換概念。C選項(xiàng)“向民主社會(huì)邁進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代政治運(yùn)動(dòng)”：除了政治運(yùn)動(dòng)，還講到教育，屬于以偏概全。D選項(xiàng)“中世紀(jì)末期與文盲作斗爭(zhēng)的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)”：這里的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在追求民主，而非掃除文盲，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Lindawas（

）theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。wasto表示將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)，havedone表示本來(lái)要做而沒(méi)有做，根據(jù)句意選B。

句意：Linda本來(lái)在一個(gè)月前要做實(shí)驗(yàn)的，但她最后改變了主意。

6.翻譯題

ItisnotdifficulttobepessimisticaboutthefutureofEuropeanbusiness.

ComparedwiththeawesomestrengthofAmericaandtherawpowerofemergingAsia,Europeissometimesportrayedasahas-been,excellinginluxurygoods,finefood,winesandfashionbutweigheddownbytoomanyoldindustriesandoldideas.Frommicrochipstomicrobes,pooroldEuropeseemstotrailinAmerica’sandAsia’swake.

AmericaenjoysawesomeadvantagesoverEurope.Itisahuge,trulysinglemarketwitharelativelyyouthful,growingpopulation.Itistheworld’seconomicsuperpower,withmuchhigherproductivitythanitscompetitors(thoughproductivitygrowthhasrecentlybeendisappointing,andlastyearwasslightlybelowEurope’s).Ithasworld-classuniversitiesthatworkhandinglovewithbusinesses.AmericanshavenotonlywonmoreNobelprizes,theyhaveturnedmorescientificadvancesintoprofitablebusinessesthananyoneelse.Manyofthesefirmshavegoneontobecomethegiantsofmodernbusiness.

ItmayhavebeenaBritishscientist,SirTimBerners-Lee,workingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland,whoinventedtheworldwideweb,butAmericaisthehomeoftheInternetandallthebusinesssectorsithasspawned.

AndevenwhereEuropeisholdingitsownagainstAmerica,itseemsunabletoretainitsadvantage.Boeingdriftedbadlyinthe1990sasEurope’sAirbusmadestrides,buthavingmergedwithMcDonnellDouglas,theAmericangiantbouncedback.ItisnowtakingmarketsharefromtheEuropeans.

America’seconomicgrowth,averaging2.5%ayearsince2001,hasreflectedthisdynamicbusinessculture,whereasEuropehasmanagedanaveragegrowthrateofbarely1.5%overthesameperiod,thoughthepacehaspickedupinthepastyear.Europe’ssluggishperformanceisoftenputdowntothepoorbusinessclimate.Rigidlaborlawsandstrongunionsmakeitdifficultforfirmstofireredundantworkersandunattractivetohirenewones.ProductmarketsarenotascompetitiveasAmerica’s,andthesingleEuropeanmarkethasyettobecomearealityinareassuchasbankingandservices.

Corporategovernancetooisvariable:transparentandworld-classinBritain,butofteninadequateincontinentalEurope.Moreover,Europeangovernmentsliketomeddle.Francehasdrawnupalistofstrategicindustries,includingcasinos,thatitthinksneedspecialprotectionfromforeigntakeovers.EvenSpain,withitsnewAnglo-Saxonbusinessculture,triedtostopaGermanutilityfromtakingoveraSpanishpowercompany.TelecomItalia’sattemptstohiveoffitsmobile-phonebusinessbecamehighlypoliticized.

ManyEuropeanpoliticiansarefearfulabouttheeffectsofglobalizationandtheriseofChinaandIndia.CertainlyAsiahasbeenmakingitselfmorestronglyfeltinEuropeinrecentyears.JapannowhascarfactoriesinFranceandtheCzechRepublicaswellasinBritain,andimportsfromSouthKorea’sresurgentcarindustryhavebeencausingdifficultiesatRenaultandPSAPeugeotCriterion.India’sTataGrouptooisplanningtoexportcarstosomesouthernandeasternEuropeanmarketswheretheywillprovidemorecompetitionforthetraditionalwestEuropeanmanufacturers.

【答案】美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢(shì)讓人肅然起敬,日益崛起的亞洲生機(jī)勃勃,而歐洲則如昔日黃花,過(guò)分追求奢侈品、時(shí)尚和美酒佳肴。落后的產(chǎn)業(yè)和陳舊的觀念壓得歐洲氣喘吁吁。微芯片也好,微生物也罷,可憐的老朽歐羅巴似乎在步美國(guó)和亞洲的后塵。

即使是歐洲本土能與美國(guó)抗衡的產(chǎn)業(yè)似乎也難以為繼。20世紀(jì)90年代,歐洲空客公司大踏步前進(jìn),而波音公司發(fā)展十分緩慢,但同麥克唐納-道格拉斯公司合并以后,美國(guó)的這家巨型企業(yè)迅速反彈,正在搶占空客的歐洲份額。

此外,歐洲各國(guó)政府也喜歡插上一腳。法國(guó)列出了一些戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè),連博彩業(yè)也包括在內(nèi),因?yàn)榉▏?guó)認(rèn)為該產(chǎn)業(yè)需要特別保護(hù)以防外國(guó)兼并。甚至西班牙在新盎格魯-薩克遜商業(yè)文化影響下,也阻止德國(guó)公用事業(yè)公司接管西班牙電力企業(yè),而意大利電信公司試圖從該國(guó)移動(dòng)電話領(lǐng)域分離出去竟成為高度政治化的事件。

7.單選題

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fro