考研考博-英語-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟(jì)博弈會獎勵贏家金錢，而進(jìn)化博弈卻獎勵勝者生存和繁殖的機(jī)會。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟(jì)和進(jìn)化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進(jìn)退兩難，尤其在這兩門學(xué)科上被證明能增長見聞的。知B項(xiàng)“被用來去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個更簡單的方式來解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項(xiàng)“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過公開錦標(biāo)賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒有打敗針鋒相對的策略。故D選項(xiàng)“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說，即使另外一個人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會進(jìn)行合作?？梢缘弥狣項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)谝淮魏献魇『螅€有另外一次機(jī)會”最為符合。

2.單選題

Withthesevereshortageofenergysupply,wearefacingthe（）ofaveryhardwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expectation

B.prospect

C.promise

D.damage

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expectation“預(yù)料”;prospect“前景”；promise“承諾”;damage“毀壞”。句意：因?yàn)槟茉垂?yīng)的嚴(yán)重短缺，我們將面臨一個艱難的冬天。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fuel“供以燃料，推動”。B選項(xiàng)frown“皺眉，不同意”。C選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行，完成”。D選項(xiàng)frost“結(jié)霜，凍壞”。句意：我們不可能在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成如此艱巨的任務(wù)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Whenthefirealarmrang,we（

）outsidetheemergencyexit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resembled

B.dissembled

C.assembled

D.scrambled

【答案】C

【解析】句意:當(dāng)火警響起時(shí)，我們在緊急出口外集合。

考查動詞辨析。Resemble看起來像,顯得像,像;dissemble掩蓋,掩飾(真實(shí)感情或意圖);assemble聚集,集合,收集;scramble(迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,搶,搶占。故C符合句意。

5.單選題

Everytimeanoldbuildingistomdowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.

Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenbankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.

Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.

ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.

“Wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtomdown，”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtomdownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-towall-carpetedmoneyfactor.”

“Nowfromanaestheticviewpoint,abanklooksbetterthanafrycleaner,acandystore,adelicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.

“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.”

“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”

“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”

“Exactly.Oneofthereasonskidsaregettinginsomuchtroublethesedaysisthattherearecandystorestohangaroundanymore.Whenteardownadelicatessen,thetangysmellofpotatosalad,cornedbeefanddillpicklesarelostforever.Unlessyou’retryingtomakealoan,nooneeversalivatesinabank.”

“Itistrue,”Isaid.

“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid,“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”

“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’squestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit，”Isaid.

“Somethinglikethat，”Hubbardagreed.“We’retryingtogetthepublictowakeuptoafactthatit’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”

“What’sthesolution?”

“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittoredownonthesameproperty.Ifit’sabakery,theyhavetosellcake,ifit’saphotographyshop,theyhavetodevelopfilms,andifit’sadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside.”

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）

2.Thisessayiswritteninatoneof（）.

3.Theauthortalksaboutthe“BankBirthControl”groupbecause（）.

4.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsmallneighborhoodstoresisthatthey（）.

5.Theauthormakeshispointbyusing（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Practicallyeverynewcommercialbuildingerectedtodayisownedbyabank.

B.Banksareattemptingtodrivesmallmerchantsoutofservice.

C.Newbanksarenotassetstoaneighborhoodinspiteoftheirattractiveappearance.

D.Byoccupyinggroundfloorspaceinnewbuildings,banksarereplacingneighborhoodshoppingconveniences.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.humorousexaggeration

B.humorousunderstatement

C.seriousanger

D.seriousfearofthefuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisthenameofarealgroup

B.hehopestobecomeitspresident

C.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispoint

D.heisinfavorofallkindsofbirthcontrol

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredirty

B.areconvenientandcolorful

C.shouldbereplacedbybanks

D.shouldbecomesupermarkets

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.satire

B.drama

C.romance

D.poetry

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段是本文的中心段落，當(dāng)舊的建筑物被拆除，新的建筑物新建后，一樓都變成了銀行，很多商店比如糖果店、干洗店、熟食店、花店等都被新建筑取代了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章主要提到了HuddlestoneHubbard的觀點(diǎn)，多處以幽默的方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)，但是并沒有夸張的成分，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl提到但仍有一小部分人為了控制銀行的產(chǎn)生而奮斗。這里作者用group來形容這一群人，實(shí)際上是以一種幽默的方式來表明這一部分人的人數(shù)之少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章從第8段到第10段主要講述其他商店能夠給人們帶來的便利而銀行不可以。作者在第11段給了自己的觀點(diǎn):“It’strue”。說明作者認(rèn)同上一段的觀點(diǎn)，即小社區(qū)商店方便又豐富多彩。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:作者采用幽默諷刺的手法表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。比如第12段提到attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry“以他們現(xiàn)在拆商店然后用銀行代替的速度來看，估計(jì)十年后在這個國家很難找到一片面包”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.填空題

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisonepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.Markouttheerroneouspartandthenputthecorrectforminthebracketsfollowingthesentence.

36.Basingontheresearchoftheforeignlanguage,thispaperconcludesthewaystolearnEnglishwell.（）

37.Nations,sensingathreatoftheireconomies,triedtotakeactionstoprotectthemselves.（）

38.Thefundwasdesignedtoencouragingthegrowthofinternationaltradebystabilizingcurrencies.（）

39.Howmanylifeinsurancedoestheaveragepersonbuy?（）

40.SportsinAmericatakeavariousofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggles,athleticgamesandhuntingandfishing.（）

【答案】36.basing→based

37.economies→economy

38.encouraging→encourage

39.many→much

40.various→variety

【解析】36.非謂語動詞應(yīng)該和句子的主語保持一定的邏輯關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，發(fā)出base這個動作的施動者是人，所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞-ed形式。

37.這里的主語是nations“國家”，所以economy在這里是“經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”的意思，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

38.to在作介詞時(shí)，沒有表目的的意義，這里的to是與后面的動詞原形組合在一起組成不定式，所以encouraging應(yīng)該用動詞原形encourage。

39.lifeinsurance“人壽保險(xiǎn)”這個名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，所以不能用howmany修飾，應(yīng)該把many改為much。

40.various是形容詞，可以直接修飾名詞，而of前面的詞一般都是名詞，所以這里應(yīng)該用variety。

7.單選題

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga（

）researchcontributioninyourarea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heart-broken

B.record-breaking

C.back-breaking

D.ground-breaking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heart-broken“極其傷心的”；B選項(xiàng)record-breaking“破紀(jì)錄的”；C選項(xiàng)back-breaking“使人筋疲力盡的”；D選項(xiàng)ground-breaking“獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；開拓性的”句意：頂尖的博士課程設(shè)置了一個令人難以置信的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn):大量的課程學(xué)習(xí)、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、資格考試、論文答辯，當(dāng)然還有對你所在領(lǐng)域的研究做出……的貢獻(xiàn)。學(xué)術(shù)需要的是獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，而不是破紀(jì)錄，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Testsofreactiontimesseemedtobackupthenotionthatthetwohemispheresdifferedintheirprocessingstyles.Researchersusedtobelievethatanimagegoestoonehemispherefirst,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain.Ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage.

Stillmorestartling,researchersfoundthatthesameappearedtoholdforthebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates.Theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally.Buthandednessisnowwidelyclaimedforprimatesandevenbirds,amphibiansandwhales.Andinthepastfewyears,somepsychologistshavetestedchimpsandbaboonsandsuggestedtheirtwohemispheresalsodifferinprocessingstyle.

Nowresearchershavecometoseethedistinctionbetweenthetwohemispheresasasubtleoneofprocessingstyle,witheverymentalfacultysharedacrossthebrain,andeachsidecontributinginacomplementary,notexclusive,fashion.Asmartbrainbecameonethatsimultaneouslygraspedboththeforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

Thenextproblemwastoworkoutexactlyhowthebrainmanagestoproducethesetwocontrastingstyles.Manyresearchersoriginallylookedfortheexplanationinasimplewiringdifferencewithinthebrain.Thistheoryheldthatneuronsintheleftcortexmightmakesparse,short-rangeconnectionswiththeirneighbors,whilecellsontheothersidewouldbemorerichlyandwidelyconnectedTheresultwouldbethattherepresentationofsensationsandmemorieswouldbeconfinedlosmallish,discreteareasinthelefthemisphere,whileexactlythesameinputtoacorrespondingareaoftherightsidewouldformasprawlingevenimpressionisticpatternofactivity.

Supportersofthisideaarguedthatthesestructuraldifferenceswouldexplainwhyleftbrainlanguageareasaresogoodatpreciserepresentationofwordsandwordsequenceswhiletherightbrainseemstosupplyawidersenseofcontextandmeaning.Astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords?—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions.Askedtoexplainevenacommonproverb,suchas"astitchintimesavesnine",theycanonlysayitmusthavesomethingtodowithsewing.Anintactrightbrainisneededtomakethemoreplayfulconnections.

1.Thelocalorglobalimageismorequicklyandaccuratelyidentifiedinthebrainif（

）.

2.Handednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraits,asisshownin（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,asmartbrainhasallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Whatistheproblemofthepeoplewhosufferright-brainstrokes?

5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testsofreactiontimesbackupthenotionofthetwohemispheres

B.animagegoestoonehemisphere?n:st,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain

C.thenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup

D.thepersoncanmatchtheimagewithanobject

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates

B.thefactthatthegreatbrainreorganizationallowedourancestortousetools

C.thefactthathumanbeingsalonecanusetools,speakandthinkrationally

D.thetwobrainhemispheresofchimpsandbaboons

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.withdifferentprocessingstyle

B.withsharedmentalfaculty

C.eachsidecontributinginacomplementary

D.graspingtheforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanhardlyunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences.

B.Theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords.

C.Theydonotunderstandthecommonproverb"astitchintimesavesnine".

D.Theycannotgraspthemeaningofjokesorallusions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LeftBrain,RightBrain

B.TheLocalofGlobalImage

C.HumanBrainandAnimalBrain

D.TheSmartBrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章原句Theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally提到了左撇子和大腦不對稱被認(rèn)為是人類獨(dú)有的特性，主要是因?yàn)槟軌蛸x予我們祖先實(shí)用工具、說話甚至理性思考的能力。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第三段提及了一個聰明大腦應(yīng)該具備的條件，根據(jù)原文可知選項(xiàng)B、C、D都在該段提及，選項(xiàng)A與原文“asasubtleoneofprocessingstyle”不一致，因而符合題意。

4.文章最后一段Astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions提到如果一個人的右腦癱瘓，他還是能夠理解句子的字面意思，但是無法理解笑話和典故。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章主要介紹了人腦兩個半球的運(yùn)行方式以及各自的作用。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查動詞辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive喪失，剝奪；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：這位囚犯被剝奪了三年的個人自由。C項(xiàng)符合句意。答案C。

10.單選題

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)maternal“母親的、母性的”；B項(xiàng)fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C項(xiàng)paternal“父親的、父親般的”；D項(xiàng)parental“父母親的”；句意：如果一對夫婦離婚了，他們的孩子和他的母親住在一起，那么他被認(rèn)為缺乏父愛。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。meanfor“對……意味著”；meanto“對……重要”；bemeantfor“為……做準(zhǔn)備”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：這對夫婦每個月都會存一小筆錢，以備急需時(shí)用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（1）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（2）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（3）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（4）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（5）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（6）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（7）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（8）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（9）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（10）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（11）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（12）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（13）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（14）word-by-wordreadingimpossible.Regressionandsub-vocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（15）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（16）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（17）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（18）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（19）theraining,nowitisanexcellent1378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（20）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applying

B.doing

C.offering

D.getting

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Fortunately

B.Infact

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.sucha

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說“在找工作或升職的過程中……”選項(xiàng)D最符合語境。apply一般和介詞for連用；do表示“做”；offer表示“提供”，均不符合原文。

2.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quickly“快速地”；B選項(xiàng)easily“容易地”；C選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地”；D選項(xiàng)decidedly“果斷地”。根據(jù)句意“閱讀和理解的能力是關(guān)系到成敗的關(guān)鍵”，選項(xiàng)A最符合句意。

3.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)good“好的”；B選項(xiàng)curious“好奇的”；C選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的，匱乏的”；D選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的”。根據(jù)“Yettheunfortunatefact”以及“Mostofusdeveloppoorreading”可知，前后應(yīng)該是相反的情況，也就是說大多數(shù)人都不擅長閱讀。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)training“訓(xùn)練”；B選項(xiàng)habits“習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)situations“狀況”；D選項(xiàng)custom“習(xí)俗”。根據(jù)句意“我們大多數(shù)人在很小的時(shí)候就養(yǎng)成了不好的閱讀習(xí)慣，并且從來沒有改掉?！边x項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)liein“在于”；B選項(xiàng)combine一般和介詞with搭配；C選項(xiàng)touchin“增改”；D選項(xiàng)involvein“涉及，卷入”。根據(jù)句意“其最主要的缺點(diǎn)在于語言本身的實(shí)際內(nèi)容——詞?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“單獨(dú)來看，單詞本身幾乎沒有意義，只有當(dāng)串聯(lián)成短語、句子和段落時(shí)才有意義?！北硎編缀鯖]有意義用“l(fā)ittle”，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞however可知，這里是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的情況。上文提及單詞本身沒有意義，所以這里想表達(dá)“不幸的是，未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的讀者不會閱讀句群?！边x項(xiàng)D符合語境。

8.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reuse“重復(fù)使用”；B選項(xiàng)reread“重讀”；C選項(xiàng)rewrite“重寫”；D選項(xiàng)recite“背誦”。根據(jù)原文可知，未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的讀者費(fèi)勁地一次讀一個單詞，并且經(jīng)常退回去重讀單詞或段落。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

9.考查關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意“倒退，也就是回頭看剛讀過的東西的傾向，是閱讀中常見的壞習(xí)慣?！碧羁仗幦鄙俚脑~引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句并且在從句中做主語成分，只有選項(xiàng)A符合要求。

10.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)scaledown“按比例減少”；B選項(xiàng)cutdown“削減”；C選項(xiàng)slowdown“減速”；D選項(xiàng)measure“測量”，一般不和介詞down搭配。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是在講述另一個降低閱讀速度的壞習(xí)慣，選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

11.考查上下文語義。破折號后面的句子是對“vocalization”的解釋，發(fā)聲是指一個人在閱讀的時(shí)候，口頭上或心里讀出每一個單詞。所以這里應(yīng)該用one來指代“任何一個人”，選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accelerator“加速器”；B選項(xiàng)actor“演員，行動者”；C選項(xiàng)amplifier“放大器，擴(kuò)音器”；D選項(xiàng)observer“觀察者”。which后面引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句是對填空處的解釋說明。根據(jù)句意“將條子(或簾子)以預(yù)定的速度沿書頁向下移動”，再結(jié)合上下文可知，這種設(shè)備是用來提高閱讀速度的，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

13.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“faster”可知，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級；再根據(jù)句意“為了‘伸展’讀者的閱讀能力，書中的條子設(shè)置得比讀者感到舒服的速度稍快一些?！庇纱丝芍挥羞x項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enable“使能夠”；B選項(xiàng)lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致”；C選項(xiàng)make“使得”；D選項(xiàng)indicate“表明”。根據(jù)句意“加速器迫使讀者快速閱讀，使逐字閱讀成為不可能?！眒akesth.impossible“使...成為不可能”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)meaning“意義”；B選項(xiàng)comprehension“理解”；C選項(xiàng)gist“主旨，要點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)regression“倒退，復(fù)原”。根據(jù)原文可知，閱讀速度提高了，相對應(yīng)犧牲的是對文章的理解，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

16.考查固定句型搭配。notonly…but(also)…為固定句型，意為“不僅…而且…”，這里是說“當(dāng)你學(xué)會閱讀思想和概念時(shí)，你不僅會讀得更快，而且你的理解力也會提高。”所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

17.考查代詞辨析。句子的主語是“Manypeople”，所以這里應(yīng)使用代詞their，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

18.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“forinstance”可知，這里是以CharlceAu為例，對作者提出的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。以…為例用介詞“take”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，這里表達(dá)的是“在訓(xùn)練之前，CharlceAu的閱讀速度是1分鐘172字”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

20.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)master“精通，掌握”；B選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)，重溫”；C選項(xiàng)present“贈送，展現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)getthrough“完成，到達(dá)”。根據(jù)句意“他很高興他能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)讀完更多的閱讀材料?！边x項(xiàng)D符合語境。

13.單選題

Apersonwhois_______typicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentrationorremembering.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stressed

B.exploited

C.prevented

D.conquered

【答案】A

【解析】stressed緊張的,有壓力的;exploited利用,剝削;prevented阻止,避免;conquered戰(zhàn)勝,征服。句意：壓力大的人通常有焦慮的想法,難以集中注意力或記憶。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.methods

B.attitudes

C.thoughts

D.solutions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A選項(xiàng)method“方法；手段”；B選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；意見”；C選項(xiàng)thought“思想；想法；關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根據(jù)句中“toattractpassengers為吸引乘客”可知tactic在這里的意思為“手段”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobale