考研考博-英語-山東經(jīng)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇VIP

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東經(jīng)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thediplomaticcrisishasbeen（）bythebreakdownofthetalksbetweentheleadersofthetwonations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withhold

B.nurtured

C.cultivated

D.approached

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)withhold“保留，克制”；B選項(xiàng)nurtured“培育，養(yǎng)育”；C選項(xiàng)cultivated“發(fā)展，耕作，教化”；D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危機(jī)靠近是由于兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的談判破裂而引起的。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間談判失敗是導(dǎo)致外交危機(jī)的原因，那么外交危機(jī)就更接近了，選擇D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”意思正確。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Youmayeithersowwheatinrowsorbroadcastit,（）wayyoudoit;itisagoodthingtobreakupthesoilafterseeding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whichever

【答案】D

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：你可以成排的播種或散播小麥。但無論是哪種方式，播種后最好都要松松土。A選項(xiàng)為“無論什么”；B選項(xiàng)為“無論何時(shí)”，而從句主語為way，故可排除A和B。C項(xiàng)表示“無論如何”，是副詞。D選項(xiàng)whichever可以單獨(dú)使用或加一個(gè)名詞。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Collapsesthisspringatacoupleofancientsitesherecausedwearyarchaeologiststowarn,yetagain,aboutotherimminentcalamitiesthreateningRome’sprecariousarchitecturalbirthright.

Meanwhile,thesmartsetwentcrazywhenasplendidnationalmuseumforcontemporaryart,Maxxi,openedrecently,alongwithanexpansiontothecity-runnew-artmuseum,Macro.ThatwasjustafterRome’smayor,GianniAlemanno,convenedaconferenceforplannersandarchitectstosketchabidforthe2020OlympicsasanincentivetoupdateItaly’scapital.ContemporaryarchitecturenowpromisestobetheengineandsymbolofanewcreativeidentityforRomethat,ifdevelopmentisdonerightforachange,wouldcomplementthecity’sgloriouspast.

“WhatdoesRomewanttobewhenitgrowsup?”ishowRichardBurdett,aplannerfromLondonwithItalianroots,putthesituationtheotherday.HemeantthesituationofRomeatacrossroads,strugglingahead,fallingbehind.

Changeisnevereasyhere.WhenamuseumdesignedbyRichardMeier,aglassandmarblebuildingtohousetheAraPacis,openedafewyearsago,Romanshowled.Maxxi,whosestylepresentsawholeothersetofproblems,hasfaredmuchbetterintermsofpublicapproval,attractingsome74,000visitorsinitsfirstmonthandacceleratingtalkbyleaderslikeMr.AlemannoaboutRomeinthe21stcentury.

Butit’sonethingforpoliticianstosupportanewheadline-grabbingmuseum.Theartcrowdrollsintotown,bestowsitsblessing,thenrollsout.It’sanothertotakeongreaterchallengeslikeimmigration,transportationandsprawl.Evenculture:anationwhoseidentityandfiscalsurvivalrestsonitnowdevotes0.21percentofitsstatebudget,whichisaboutone-fifthofthepercentagethatFrancedevotes,totheater,film,exhibitions,musicandmuseums,nottomentiontheupkeepofallthosethousandsofhistoricalsitesforwhichthereisstillnomasterconservationplan.

Andthere’snothingclosetoathought-outapproachtoshapingthiscity’snewidentity,either,justaburstofmixedarchitecturecreatingfactsonthegroundandafreshhungerforsomethingbetter.TheproblemsfacingRomearenotgoingtobesolvedbyafewbigstarsdesigningbuildingsbutbyalargerefforttorethinkacitythathasswiftlygrownto3.7millioninhabitants,almostallofthemoutsidethehistoriccenter,whereitspastiscrumbling.

42.Paragraph1impliesthat________.

43.Accordingtothecontext,“thesmartset”(boldfacedinParagraph2)refersto________.

44.WhatisRichardBurdett’sattitudetowardsanewcreativeidentityforRome?

45.Accordingtothepassage,theRomanpoliticians________.

46.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat________.

47.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theruinsofoldhousesill-matchedthemodernRome

B.ancientbuildingsinRomehaddifficultysurviving

C.archaeologistswarnedpeoplenottodestroyRome

D.anotherroundofnaturaldisastersthreatenedRome

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theplannersandarchitects

B.thewearyarchaeologists

C.themayorandhisofficials

D.thevisitorstothemuseums

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Stronglysupportive.

B.Barelyconcerned.

C.Somewhatdoubtful.

D.Completelyopposed.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haveyettodecidewhethertokeepupthehistoricalsites

B.havegivenfirstprioritytoimmigrationandtransportation

C.havefavoredmuseum-buildingmorethananythingelse

D.haveyettoproducearightschemetobuildanewRome

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Rome’sproblemsneedabroadperspectivetosolve

B.the3.7millioninhabitantshopetoliveinthecentralRome

C.mixedarchitectureisimportantforbuildinganewRome

D.bigdesignersdeemthemselvesasmostvaluabletoRome

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.RomewasnotBuiltinOneDay.

B.AsRomeModernizes,ItsPastCrumbles.

C.ContemporaryArtsBailRomeOut.

D.Rome’sPastShadowsItsPresent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】42.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Paragraph1impliesthat________.第1段暗示了________。

A.theruinsofoldhousesill-matchedthemodernRomeA.古代房屋的廢墟與現(xiàn)代的羅馬不匹配

B.ancientbuildingsinRomehaddifficultysurvivingB.羅馬的古建筑很難保存下來

C.archaeologistswarnedpeoplenottodestroyRomeC.考古學(xué)家警告人們不要破壞羅馬

D.anotherroundofnaturaldisastersthreatenedRomeD.新一輪的自然災(zāi)害威脅著羅馬

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1可以定位到文章第1段，本段說到“今年春天，這里的幾處古遺址（ancientsites）發(fā)生了坍塌，讓疲憊不堪的考古學(xué)家再次發(fā)出警告，還有其他迫在眉睫的災(zāi)難正威脅著（threatening）羅馬岌岌可危的建筑遺產(chǎn)（architecturalbirthright）。”，這是在介紹羅馬古建筑的現(xiàn)狀，“發(fā)生坍塌”和“岌岌可?！倍颊f明羅馬古建筑非常脆弱，很難保存下來。因此B選項(xiàng)“羅馬的古建筑很難保存下來”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“古代房屋的廢墟與現(xiàn)代的羅馬不匹配”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“考古學(xué)家警告人們不要破壞羅馬”，文章說的是考古學(xué)家警告說有其他迫在眉睫的災(zāi)難威脅著羅馬的古建筑，而不是人為的破壞，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“新一輪的自然災(zāi)害威脅著羅馬”，文章說的是自然災(zāi)害威脅著羅馬的古建筑，而不是羅馬整個(gè)城市，屬于推理過度。

43.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothecontext,“thesmartset”(boldfacedinParagraph2)refersto________.根據(jù)上下文，“thesmartset”（第2段中的粗體字）是指________。

A.theplannersandarchitectsA.規(guī)劃師和建筑師

B.thewearyarchaeologistsB.疲憊的考古學(xué)家

C.themayorandhisofficialsC.市長(zhǎng)和他的官員

D.thevisitorstothemuseumsD.博物館的參觀者

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thesmartset可以定位到文章第2段第1句“同時(shí)，當(dāng)輝煌的羅馬國(guó)立當(dāng)代藝術(shù)館最近開放，以及城市運(yùn)營(yíng)的新藝術(shù)博物館擴(kuò)建時(shí)，thesmartset變得瘋狂起來?！保Y(jié)合下文“就在不久前，羅馬市長(zhǎng)詹尼?阿萊曼諾召開了一次規(guī)劃師和建筑師（plannersandarchitects）會(huì)議”可知，因?yàn)椴┪镳^的建設(shè)，加之羅馬市長(zhǎng)召集了各路有識(shí)之士開會(huì)，商討奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦方案，所以這些規(guī)劃師和建筑師的熱情被激勵(lì)出來了。因此A選項(xiàng)“規(guī)劃師和建筑師”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“疲憊的考古學(xué)家”和博物館的建設(shè)無關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“市長(zhǎng)和他的官員”是召開會(huì)議的主辦方，而非“thesmartset”本身，D選項(xiàng)“博物館的參觀者”和參加會(huì)議商討方案無關(guān)，屬于曲解原文。

44.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatisRichardBurdett’sattitudetowardsanewcreativeidentityforRome?理查德?伯德特對(duì)羅馬的新創(chuàng)意身份的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Stronglysupportive.A.強(qiáng)烈支持。

B.Barelyconcerned.B.幾乎不關(guān)心。

C.Somewhatdoubtful.C.有點(diǎn)懷疑。

D.Completelyopposed.D.完全反對(duì)。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardBurdett可以定位到文章第3段，本段說到“他指的是羅馬正處于十字路口（crossroads）的情況，一面奮力前進(jìn)，一面落后?！?，這和第2段最后1句“當(dāng)代建筑有望成為羅馬新創(chuàng)意身份（newcreativeidentity）的引擎和象征，如果發(fā)展得當(dāng)，能帶來變革，將與這座城市的輝煌歷史相輔相成。”形成對(duì)比，說明理查德?伯德特認(rèn)為羅馬面臨著關(guān)于過去和將來的選擇，體現(xiàn)出他對(duì)于羅馬新創(chuàng)意身份的懷疑態(tài)度。因此C選項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)懷疑?！闭_。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈支持?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“完全反對(duì)。”表述都過于絕對(duì)，屬于推理過度；

B選項(xiàng)“幾乎不關(guān)心?！?，理查德?伯德特對(duì)其有自己的思考，并非漠不關(guān)心，屬于反向干擾。

45.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theRomanpoliticians________.根據(jù)這篇文章，羅馬的政治家們________。

A.haveyettodecidewhethertokeepupthehistoricalsitesA.還沒有決定是否保留這些歷史遺跡

B.havegivenfirstprioritytoimmigrationandtransportationB.把移民和交通作為首要任務(wù)

C.havefavoredmuseum-buildingmorethananythingelseC.傾向于建造博物館而不是其他

D.haveyettoproducearightschemetobuildanewRomeD.還沒有制定出建設(shè)新羅馬的正確方案

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞politicians可以定位到文章第5段，由第5段最后1句“維護(hù)那些成千上萬的歷史遺跡仍然沒有主要的保護(hù)計(jì)劃”可知，政客們?nèi)匀粵]有拿出保護(hù)歷史遺跡的方案，也就是建設(shè)新羅馬的方案。因此D選項(xiàng)“還沒有制定出建設(shè)新羅馬的正確方案”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“還沒有決定是否保留這些歷史遺跡”，文章說的是政客們支持建造新博物館，甚至應(yīng)對(duì)文化的挑戰(zhàn)，說明是決定保留歷史遺跡的，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“把移民和交通作為首要任務(wù)”，第5段說到“接受更大的挑戰(zhàn)，比如移民、交通和擴(kuò)張，甚至文化”，說明文化是比移民和交通更重要的任務(wù)，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“傾向于建造博物館而不是其他”，文章中只提到政客們支持建造博物館，沒有和其他設(shè)施進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有。

46.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat________.最后1段表明，________。

A.Rome’sproblemsneedabroadperspectivetosolveA.羅馬的問題需要一個(gè)廣闊的視角來解決

B.the3.7millioninhabitantshopetoliveinthecentralRomeB.370萬居民希望居住在羅馬市中心

C.mixedarchitectureisimportantforbuildinganewRomeC.混合建筑對(duì)建設(shè)新羅馬很重要

D.bigdesignersdeemthemselvesasmostvaluabletoRomeD.大設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為自己對(duì)羅馬最有價(jià)值

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lastparagraph可以定位到文章最后1段，由本段第2句“羅馬面臨的問題不是靠幾位設(shè)計(jì)建筑的大明星就能解決的，而是需要更大的努力（byalargereffort）來重新思考（rethink）這個(gè)城市。”可知，想要解決羅馬的問題，需要從更多、更廣泛的角度來重新審視羅馬。因此A選項(xiàng)“羅馬的問題需要一個(gè)廣闊的視角來解決”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“370萬居民希望居住在羅馬市中心”，文章中說的是370萬居民幾乎都住在歷史中心以外，沒有提及他們希望居住在哪里，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“混合建筑對(duì)建設(shè)新羅馬很重要”，最后1段第1句說到“在塑造這座城市的新身份方面，也沒有什么深思熟慮的方法（thought-outapproach），只有（just）一系列混合建筑（mixedarchitecture）在地面上創(chuàng)造事實(shí)，以及對(duì)更好事物的新鮮渴望?！?，說明混合建筑對(duì)于新羅馬并不重要，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“大設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為自己對(duì)羅馬最有價(jià)值”，文章中說的是羅馬面臨的問題不是靠幾位設(shè)計(jì)建筑的大明星就能解決的，沒有提及大設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)于自身價(jià)值的看法，屬于無中生有。

47.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題可能是什么？

A.RomewasnotBuiltinOneDay.A.羅馬不是在一天之內(nèi)建成的。

B.AsRomeModernizes,ItsPastCrumbles.B.隨著羅馬的現(xiàn)代化，它的過去也在崩潰。

C.ContemporaryArtsBailRomeOut.C.當(dāng)代藝術(shù)拯救了羅馬。

D.Rome’sPastShadowsItsPresent.D.羅馬的過去掩蓋了它的現(xiàn)在。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章開頭說到羅馬的歷史遺跡岌岌可危，接著提出了“新創(chuàng)意身份”的解決方案，但不能應(yīng)對(duì)更大的挑戰(zhàn)，維護(hù)那些成千上萬的歷史遺跡仍然沒有主要的保護(hù)計(jì)劃，文章最后提到幾乎所有人都住在歷史中心以外，那里的歷史正在分崩離析，說明本文主要講的是新羅馬的建設(shè)沒有保護(hù)好歷史遺跡，羅馬過去的歷史正在崩潰。因此B選項(xiàng)“隨著羅馬的現(xiàn)代化，它的過去也在崩潰?！闭_。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“羅馬不是在一天之內(nèi)建成的。”，文章沒有提到羅馬最初的建設(shè)，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)代藝術(shù)拯救了羅馬?！?，當(dāng)代藝術(shù)只是有希望成為羅馬新創(chuàng)意身份的引擎和象征，并沒有真正拯救羅馬，屬于推理過度；

D選項(xiàng)“羅馬的過去掩蓋了它的現(xiàn)在?！痹谖恼轮袥]有提及，屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識(shí)和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物。”可知“記憶喪失”根本就沒有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請(qǐng)注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口。”可知C項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，年輕人從來不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)136對(duì)雙胞胎的長(zhǎng)期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對(duì)大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，即隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

5.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesephoneculture

B.cultureandtechnology

C.allalike,alldifferent

D.handy,ifyouarethrifty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利開會(huì)時(shí)沒有開手機(jī)，你可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過下一個(gè)會(huì)議。因此A選項(xiàng)“他擔(dān)心錯(cuò)過商機(jī)”與工作商務(wù)有關(guān)，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的家人可能會(huì)在緊急情況下打電話給他”；C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為不回復(fù)手機(jī)來電是不禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)“他需要及時(shí)獲知工作日程的最新變化”。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技術(shù)始終是有建設(shè)性的，且由歷史、社會(huì)和文化背景構(gòu)成。因?yàn)镃選項(xiàng)“文化影響技術(shù)的發(fā)展”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下來的十年中，考慮到日本早期對(duì)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接受，它被廣泛視為移動(dòng)未來的模式。因此C選項(xiàng)“日本人很早就使用移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.”尤其是那些苦惱的青少年，很少有機(jī)會(huì)私下交談，如果不是違法的話，在公共場(chǎng)合打電話也是不受歡迎的。因此，移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)具有吸引力?？芍狣選項(xiàng)“他們可以更方便地與他們的朋友交流”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由文章第一段第一句“Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories”然而這些全球趨勢(shì)隱藏了不同的國(guó)家和地區(qū)的故事。第二段第一句“Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused”其他世俗的因素也會(huì)影響手機(jī)的使用方式?？芍疚闹饕允謾C(jī)為例，表達(dá)全球化的共性和個(gè)性，因此選C“都相似，都各不同”。

6.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從，聽從；conform遵守，使一致，順從；concede承認(rèn)，退讓；observe觀察，注意到，評(píng)論。句意：所有個(gè)人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】要想獲得真正的快樂與安寧,一個(gè)人至少應(yīng)該有兩到三種業(yè)余愛好,而且必須是真正的愛好。到了晚年才說“我要培養(yǎng)這個(gè)或那個(gè)興趣”是無用的,這種嘗試只會(huì)増加精神上的負(fù)擔(dān)。一個(gè)人可以在自己工作之外的領(lǐng)域獲得淵博的知識(shí),不過他可能幾乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜歡的事是沒用的,你必須喜歡你所做的事?？偟膩碚f,人可以分為三種：勞累而死的人、憂慮而死的人、和煩惱而死的人。對(duì)于那些體力勞動(dòng)者來說,經(jīng)歷了一周辛苦勞作已經(jīng)使他們精疲力盡,周六下午讓他們?nèi)ヌ咦闱蚧蚴谴虬羟蚴菦]有意義的。而對(duì)那些政治家、專業(yè)人士或者商人來說,他們已經(jīng)為棘手的事情操勞或煩惱六天了,周末再讓他們?yōu)楝嵤聞谏裢瑯雍翢o意義。

8.單選題

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

C.Ordersforthemareeasilytobecancelled.

D.Industriesofthemmaybelesssustainable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ordersfordurablegoodsareaffectedbybadweatherindeed.

B.Decreaseofordersfordurablegoodsiscausedbydiseasespread.

C.Slumpofdurablegoodsindustriesstartedearlierthanthought.

D.Thenewdatamaynothaverevealedtherealityoftheindustries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThestrongdollarmakesAmericanproductslessattractive.

B.Consumersarenotwillingtospendmoreondurablegoods.

C.Companiesdarenotacceptthecapitalinvestmentfrombanks.

D.Theconditionsofgeneraleconomicgrowtharenotpresent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Quiteconfident.

B.Fairlyanxious.

C.Abitconfused.

D.Verypessimistic.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第二段“WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.我們之前認(rèn)為，盡管美國(guó)制造業(yè)近年來出現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇，但這不是可持續(xù)的?！笨芍绹?guó)制造業(yè)的復(fù)蘇可能會(huì)很快結(jié)束。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第四段“Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.然而，建立在少數(shù)可持續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上的復(fù)蘇是不可持續(xù)的。這是因?yàn)?，?dāng)被壓抑的需求得到滿足時(shí)，一些大型行業(yè)將會(huì)遭殃。總產(chǎn)出可能會(huì)停滯。”

3.推理判斷題。由第五段“AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,‘themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.’正如咨詢公司CapitalEconomics的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所言，‘更大范圍的低靡從去年秋天開始。事實(shí)上，自去年10月以來，核心訂單逐月下降?！笨芍陀卯a(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰落比想象中要開始得早。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.罪魁禍?zhǔn)罪@然是美元走強(qiáng)。因?yàn)樗沟弥圃鞓I(yè)出口（約占美國(guó)出口總額的一半）更加昂貴?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)勢(shì)美元降低了美國(guó)產(chǎn)品的吸引力”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由最后一段“ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.這對(duì)美國(guó)制造業(yè)，甚至整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)來說都不是好兆頭?！笨芍髡邔?duì)美國(guó)制造業(yè)的態(tài)度是非常擔(dān)憂的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.vary

C.transfer

D.shift

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改變，更改；vary改變，變化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，變換。

句意：希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人和女人之間、富人和窮人之間大不相同。這幾個(gè)詞都有改變的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意為“在...之間變化、有差異”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetana