專題導(dǎo)向式學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享

專題導(dǎo)向式學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享分享者：謝宛燕首先做名詞的界定，這裡的PBL指的是Project-basedLearningApproach專題導(dǎo)向式學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用在英語(yǔ)資優(yōu)學(xué)生教學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)（另一個(gè)PBL是Problem-basedLearningApproach）在實(shí)施任何一個(gè)教學(xué)法前都要先確定並瞭解對(duì)象是誰(shuí)老師們可能有經(jīng)驗(yàn)遇上英語(yǔ)能力很好的學(xué)生；背後的原因很多，而且現(xiàn)在這樣的學(xué)生會(huì)越來(lái)越多。他們有可能是課堂上老師的小幫手，也有可能是老師的惡夢(mèng)。無(wú)論如何他們都會(huì)帶給需要面對(duì)不同程度學(xué)生在同一班教室上課的老師們很大的心理壓力；因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔ：茈y而且不可以被忽視。有些學(xué)生小小年紀(jì)已經(jīng)通過(guò)全民英檢中級(jí)。一位國(guó)中老師能為這樣的學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)怎樣的學(xué)習(xí)方式？瞭解英語(yǔ)資優(yōu)的學(xué)生還要『學(xué)』什麼？以下是我所面對(duì)的六位學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)課的期待：Lotsoftalking,discussion,anddebating,even!Readmoreandspeakmore(discussmoretopicsinEnglish)Iwanttohavefun!AndtalkonlyinEnglishforaperiodoftimeatschool.PracticespeakingEnglishmorefluently.MaketheclassjustasinanEnglishcountry(allEnglishlesson).Learningmoreaboutotherculturesisagreatidea.Wewanttoextendourhorizontotheworld.Wedon’twanttositandlisten.要與世界接軌不要老師講課老師角色的轉(zhuǎn)化：鷹架(Scaffolding)理論(fromVygotsky)：放下教與學(xué)的框架：不是由老師來(lái)準(zhǔn)備或使用既有的教材，根據(jù)既定的進(jìn)度將知識(shí)或技能傳授（直接灌入學(xué)生的腦中）瞭解學(xué)生能做什麼：學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的『實(shí)際能力』，由學(xué)生自己在實(shí)際的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中來(lái)瞭解學(xué)習(xí)上的問(wèn)題以及獨(dú)立解決問(wèn)題瞭解學(xué)生要學(xué)什麼：學(xué)生根據(jù)自己原有的認(rèn)知架構(gòu)決定他們要（能）學(xué)什麼；教師提供指導(dǎo)協(xié)助，讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)在與較佳的同儕共同學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境中發(fā)揮『潛在能力』，得以發(fā)展出較高水平的表現(xiàn)以學(xué)生為中心，適用於（各）跨學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)：（資料來(lái)源：http://www.cmi.hku.hk/project/menu3_1.html何謂專題研習(xí)）RobinFogarty,1997專題研習(xí)是一種真實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)(authenticlearning)。對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，它是一種實(shí)在的、看得見(jiàn)的、個(gè)人化的研習(xí)。再者，專題研習(xí)給予學(xué)生有成果的、有吸引力的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)……學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)明確，能預(yù)期學(xué)習(xí)成果，又能評(píng)估學(xué)習(xí)效果。從做中學(xué)學(xué)生自主：教學(xué)除以學(xué)生為中心外，從探索主題、發(fā)現(xiàn)研究問(wèn)題，到計(jì)劃研究方法，以至選取展示學(xué)習(xí)成果的方式都可以由學(xué)生決定，目的是令學(xué)生成為學(xué)習(xí)的主人，訓(xùn)練他們?cè)诜此?、自我管理和監(jiān)控方面的能力。課程設(shè)計(jì)：Aproject-basedlearningapproachisapplied…Atailoredprogram:Theycanlearneveniftheyarealreadyverygood.TheycanlearnEnglishinusingEnglish.Anintegrated/interdisciplinaryprogram:Theycangetknowledgeconcerningotherfieldsthroughusing/learningEnglish.Amissionnopieceofcakeevenforthenativespeakers.ApresentationopentoextendedlearningWeshalldiscusssomeofthefollowingsinclass:WHO-allthestudents(you&yourco-learners)WHAT-aprofoundstudyandthenapresentationofacertainforeigncitywhichinterestsyou.WHY-thereasonwhythecityisspecialforyou.HOW-Whataretheimportantfactsaboutacity,andhowtopresentyourcity?TheendproductItwillbeanoralpresentationofallaspectsofyourcity,whichyouwillshowyourco-learnersinthehopesofpersuadingthemtowanttogotoyourcityinsteadoftheirs.Goalsoftheproject-basedlearningThereareseveralgoalsofthisproject.Theyare:tolearnaboutaforeigncitytopracticespeakingEnglishtolearnhowtoresearchasubjectandexpressyourfindingsinEnglishtoboostyourabilitytogiveapresentationinEnglishtolearntoworkwithagroupofpeopletobuildconfidenceinoralEnglishtoimproveyouroverallEnglishskillsWeeklyMeetings:Thepresentershould:1.Preparefora25-minutepresentationusingwhateverformsorsupportingmediayoulikeandleave10minutesfordiscussion,questionsandfeedback.Youmaybringupyourproblemsorquestionsintheprocessofexploringyourcity,collectingthematerialorpreparingthepresentation.2.Writeanoutlineforyouroralpresentationandgiveeveryco-learneracopy.Itcanbelistedfactsororganisedparagraphs.Theco-learnersshould:1.Minutesoftheclass:Duringthesemeetingsone(bytakingturns)oftheco-learnersshouldtake‘minutes’(thewrittenrecordsofthethingsthatarediscussedordecidedatameeting)onwhathappensduringthemeeting,atleasthalfanA4pagelong.TheminutesshouldincludeThetopicswediscussed,whathappened,whatweaccomplishedduringthemeetingandthegoalstoachievebeforethenextone,andawordlist.Yourownsubjectivecommentsaboutwhatishappeningintheclassandsuggestionsorencouragingwordstothepresenterorotherco-learners.Theminutesshouldbeturnedin(byprintedcopiesore-mail)beforethenextclass.2.Peerfeedback:Theotherco-learnerswhoarenottakingtheminutesshouldwritetwoorthreemostimpressivethingsinandquestions(ifthereisany)aboutthepresentation.Alongwiththese,yourcomments,suggestions,andencouragementscouldalsobeincluded.Yourfeedbackshouldbehandedinattheendoftheperiod.Factsaboutself-assessmentInordertoreviewyourabilitiesandconsideryourimprovementinEnglish,youwillhaveself-assessments.Theyshouldinclude:yourabilitiesinspeaking,listening,reading,writing,vocabulary,andconfidenceinEnglish.yourweaknessesanddifficultiesinlearning,andtrytoworkoutpracticalmethodsofcopingwiththem.howmuchprogressyoumakeduringthissemester.ProductAwardPeerEvaluations—Intheendofthecourse,youwillgiveanoverallevaluationofallthepresentations.Inwhich,youwillhavethechancetovoteforthebestprojectandothergoodpresentations.Prizeswillbeawarded.Thingstodiscussinthefirstclass:Whatdoyouneedtoknowaboutyourcity?

(weather,people,languages,customs,cultures,taboos,etc.)Whatwouldyouliketoknowaboutyourcity?

(food,famouspersons,landmarks,sightseeingspots,architectures,etc.)ResourcesandSources—wherecanyoufindtheinformationyouneed?

(libraries,websites,encyclopaedia,practicalexperience)Whatcouldapresentationbelike?(types,props,media—posters,powerpoint,projector,realmaterials)Aboutself-assessment2Trytoanswerthefollowingquestion:Howareyourlistening,speaking,reading,andwritinginEnglishdifferentfromthoseofyoursonthefirstdayofclass?Why?Howhasyourconfidencechangedsincethefirstdayofclass?A.WhatcanyoudotoimproveyourEnglishinthefuture?

B.WhyisitagoodwaytoimproveyourEnglish?Giveyourselfagrade(100%)forthisclass.Explainwhyyoushouldgetthisgrade?WhatdoyouthinkofSelf-Assessments?HowdotheyhelpyouintermsofenhancingyourEnglish?Examples:Flora’sfirstandsecondself-assessments.Tina’sfirstandsecondself-assessments.Shana’sfeedbackforTinaTeacher’sfeedbackforTina,thepresenterforK?benhavns:Youdidawonderfuljob!!Goodpoints:1. Goodtonarrowdownandfocusonfood,architecture,thefamousperson—Anderson.2. Goodtoaskpre-presentationquestionslikethe‘starters’beforetheEntre:1)WhatdoyouknowaboutDenmark?(LegofromJohnny,a12-year-oldgirlhelpingJewishtofledfromNazis’oppressionduringtheWW1(2?)fromFloraW.,VikingsandSagasfromShana.)2)5countriesintheNorthEurope.3)EvertriedDanishfood?(Danishcoffee,Danishpastries)Danishpastriesarecakesmadefromsweetpastry.Theyareoftenfilledwiththingssuchasappleoralmondpaste.4)HowtalltheLittleMermaidis?3. GoodtotellthereasonwhyCopenhagenisattractivetoyou.4. GoodtohavetheEnglish-Englishwordbank.Tolearnhowtodescribethingsinlongersentencesinsteadofgivingonlydefinitionsorsynonyms.5. Goodt