語法術(shù)語中英文

語法術(shù)語中英文1.Noun（名詞）countableuncountable（可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞）NumberofN（名詞的數(shù)）Irregularplurals（不規(guī)那么復(fù)數(shù)）GenitivecaseofN（名詞的所有格）Doublegenitive（雙重所有格）Pronoun（代詞）Personalpronoun（人稱代詞）Possessivepronoun（物主代詞）Reflexivepronoun（反身代詞）Interrogativepronoun（疑問代詞）Indefinitepronoun（不定代詞）Numeral（數(shù)次）Cardinal、ordinalnumbers（基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞）Percentage（百分?jǐn)?shù)）Fraction（分?jǐn)?shù)）Decimal（小數(shù)）Multiple（倍數(shù)）Determiner（限定詞）Definite,indefinite,zeroarticles（定冠詞，不定冠詞，零冠詞）Quantifiers（數(shù)量詞）Preposition（介詞）Adjective（形容詞）Attributive定語Predicative表語Adverbclauseequivalent副詞性從句7.Adverb（副詞）ModifierofAdj/Adv/Prep-phrase/N-Phrase/Adverb-clause（形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、副詞性從句的修飾語）ThecomparativeandsuperlativedegreesofAdj/Adv（形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級）9.Verbclasses（動詞）Transitiveandintransitiveverbs（及物動詞和不及物動詞）Auxiliariesandmodalauxiliaries（助動詞和情態(tài)動詞）Semi-auxiliaries（半助動詞）Phrasalverbs（短語動詞）10.Tense（時態(tài)）Simplepresent,past,futureandwithmodals（一樣此刻時，一樣過去時，一樣以后時和情態(tài)助動詞加動詞）Presentandpastprogressive（此刻進行時和過去進行時）Futureprogressiveandwithmodals（以后進行時和情態(tài)動詞加進行時）Presentandpastperfect（此刻完成時和過去完成時）Futureperfectandwithmodals（以后完成時和情態(tài)動詞加完成時）Presentperfectprogressive（此刻完成進行時）Pastperfectprogressive（過去完成進行時）voice（被動語態(tài)）Passivevoiceinsimpletense（被動語態(tài)的一樣時態(tài)）Passivevoiceinperfectandprogressivetenses（被動語態(tài)的完成和進行時態(tài)）Passivevoiceofphrasalverbs（短語動詞的被動語態(tài)）Subjunctivemood（虛擬語氣）ToV（Infinitive動詞不定式）assubject,objectandcomplement（用作主語，賓語和補足語）Indicatingpurpose/result（表示目的和結(jié)果）Modifyingadjective（修飾形容詞）aspostmodifierinanounphrase（后位修飾名詞）tobe+V-ed2,tohave+V-ed2,tobe+V-ing（不定式的被動式，完成式和進行式）V-ing（Gerund動名詞）object,subjectandpredicative（賓語,主語和表語）N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ingassubjectandobject（名詞/代詞或其所有格加動名詞作主語和賓語）Prep+N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ing（介詞加名詞/代詞或其所有格加動名詞）being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanounequivalent（動名詞的被動式,完成式和完成被動式起名詞作用）15pre-modifierandpostmodifierinanounphrase此刻分詞和過去分詞）ascomplement（補足語）asanadverbclauseequivalent（作狀語）When/while,etc.+V-ing/V-ed2（When/While等加此刻分詞或過去分詞）（with）N+V-ing/V-ed2（[with]名詞加此刻分詞或過去分詞）DanglingV-ingasadverbclauseequivalent（無歸屬此刻分詞作狀語）being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanadverboradjectiveclauseequivalent（此刻分詞的被動式、完成式和完成被動式作狀語或定語）16.Basicsentencepatternsandsentenceelements（大體句型和句子成份）Pattern1:S+VPattern2:S+V+CsPattern3:S+V+OPattern4:S+V+Oi+OdPattern5:S+V+Od+Co17.Interrogativeform（疑問形式）Negativeform（否定形式）Passiveform（被動形式）relativeclause（定語從句）Restrictiveandnon-restrictive（限制Parenthesis（插入語）Omission（省略）Omissionthroughcoordination（并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略）Negation（否定）Totalnegation（全數(shù)否定）Partialnegation（部份否定）Doublenegation（雙重否定）Transferrednegation（轉(zhuǎn)移否定）性和非限制性定語從句）Appositiveclause（同位語從句）Nounphraseappositivetoclause（名詞短語作句子的同位語）Clauseoftimeandspace（時刻從句和地址從句）Clausesofcondition,concessionandcontrast（條件從句、妥協(xié)從句和對照從句）Clausesofcause,resultandpurpose（緣故從句、結(jié)果從句和目的從句）Clausesofmannerandcomparison（方式從句和比較從句）Clausesofproportionandothertypes（比例從句和其它從句）3rdpersonpronouns,andpluralsofthe1stand2ndpersonpronouns（第三人稱代詞，第一、二人稱代詞的復(fù)數(shù)）indefinitepronouns（不定代詞）（+of+N/Pron）Subject-verbinversion（主語與謂語倒裝）beingbeing+Adjective)朗文高級英語語法》1此刻完成時1此刻完成時(PresentPerfect)2-4am/is/arebeing+形容詞(am/is/are第一章動詞時態(tài)概述(OverviewOfVerbTenses)1一樣時態(tài)(TheSimpleTenses)2進行時態(tài)(TheProgressiveTenses)33完成時態(tài)(ThePerfectTenses)4完成進行時態(tài)(ThePerfectProgressiveTenses)1-5時態(tài)用法總結(jié)(SummaryChartofVerbTenses)6-ing和-ed形式的拼寫(Spellingof-ingand-edForms)第二章一樣此刻時，一樣過去時，此刻進行時和過去進行時(PresentAndPast,SimpleAndProgressive)1一樣此刻時(SimplePresent)2此刻進行時(PresentProgressive)3靜態(tài)動詞(StativeVerbs)2-5規(guī)那么動詞和不規(guī)那么動詞(RegularandIrregularVerbs)2-6規(guī)那么動詞：-ed的發(fā)音(RegularVerbs:Pronunciationof-edEndings)7不規(guī)那么動詞表(IrregularVerbs:anAlphabeticalList)2-8易混淆的動詞：raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie(TroublesomeVerbs:raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie)2-9一樣過去時(SimplePast)2-10過去進行時(PastProgressive)2-11進行時態(tài)與always連用表示抱怨(UsingProgressiveVerbswithalwaystoComplain)2-12進行時態(tài)中地址狀語的用法(UsingExpressionsofPlacewithProgressiveVerbs)第三章完成時和完成進行時(PerfectAndPerfectProgressiveTenses)2此刻完成進行時(PresentPerfectProgressive)3過去完成時(PastPerfect)4 過去完成進行時(PastPerfectProgressive)第四章以后時(FutureTime)1一樣以后時：will和begoingto(SimpleFuture:willandbegoingto)2will與begoingto的比較(willvs.begoingto)3歷時刻狀語從句表示以后(ExpressingtheFutureinTimeClauses)4-4用一樣此刻時和此刻進行時表示以后(UsingthePresentProgressiveandtheSimplePresenttoExpressFutureTime)5以后進行時(FutureProgressive)6以后完成時(FuturePerfect)4-7以后完成進行時(FuturePerfectProgressive)第五章時刻狀語從句和時態(tài)的溫習(xí)(AdverbClausesOfTimeAndReviewOfVerbTenses)1時刻狀語從句：形式(AdverbClausesofTime:Form)2歷時刻狀語從句表示時刻關(guān)系(UsingAdverbClausestoShowTimeRelationships)第六章主謂一致(Subject-verbAgreement)1以-s或-es結(jié)尾的詞：用法、發(fā)音和拼寫(Final-s/-es:Use,Pronunciation,andSpelling)6-2大體的主謂一致問題(BasicSubject-verbAgreement)6-3主謂一致：表達數(shù)量(Subject-verbAgreement:UsingExpressionsofQuantity)6-4主謂一致：therebe的用法(Subject-verbAgreement:Usingthere+be)5主謂一致：不規(guī)那么用法(Subject-verbAgreement:SomeIrregularities)第七章名詞(Nouns)1名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)那么和不規(guī)那么轉(zhuǎn)變(RegularandIrregularPluralNouns)2所有格(PossessiveNouns)1033名詞作修飾語(UsingNounsasModifiers)7-4可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(CountandNoncountNouns)5不可數(shù)名詞(NoncountNouns)6常見不可數(shù)名詞(SomeCommonNoncountNouns)7-7冠詞的大體用法(BasicArticleUsage)7-8冠詞用法的大體原那么(GeneralGuidelinesforArticleUsage)7-9數(shù)量的表達(ExpressionsofQuantity)7-10afew和few,alittle和little的用法(Usingafewandfew;alittleandlittle)7-11帶of的數(shù)量表達(UsingofinExpressionsofQuantity)7-12all(of)和both(of)〔All(of)andboth(of)13單數(shù)的數(shù)量表達：one,each,every(SingularExpressionsofQuantity:one,each,every)第八章代詞(Pronouns)1人稱代詞(PersonalPronouns)2人稱代詞：與類屬名詞、不定代詞的一致性(PersonalPronouns:AgreementwithGenericNounsandIndefinitePronouns)8-3人稱代詞：與集合名詞的一致性(PersonalPronouns:AgreementwithCollectiveNouns)4反身代詞(ReflexivePronouns)8-5you,one和they用作非人稱代詞(Usingyou,one,andtheyasImpersonalPronouns)6other的形式(Formsofother)7other的常見表達(CommonExpressionswithother)第九章情態(tài)動詞(一)(Modals,Part1)1概述(Introduction)9-2I作主語的禮貌請求(PoliteQuestionswithIastheSubject)9-3 you作主語的禮貌請求(PoliteQuestionswithyouastheSubject)4wouldyoumind用作禮貌請求(PoliteRequestswithwouldyoumind)5表示必需：must,haveto,havegotto(ExpressingNecessity:must,haveto,havegotto)9-6沒必要要和禁止：haveto和must的否定形式(LackofNecessityandProhibition:havetoandmustintheNegative)7忠告：should,oughtto,hadbetter(Advisability:should,oughtto,hadbetter)9-8should的過去式(ThePastFormofshould)9-9期望:besupposedto(Expectations:besupposedto)9-10提議:let's,whydon't,shallI/we(MakingSuggestions:let's,whydon't,shallI/we)11 提議：could與should的比較(MakingSuggestions:couldvs.should)第十章情態(tài)動詞(二)(Modals,Part2)1表示確信程度：此刻時(DegreesofCertainty:PresentTime)2表示確信程度：此刻時的否定形式(DegreesofCertainty:PresentTimeNegative)10-3表示確信程度：過去時(DegreesofCertainty:PastTime)10-4表示確信程度：以后時(DegreesofCertainty:FutureTime)10-5情態(tài)動詞的進行式(ProgressiveFormsofModals)6表示能力：can和could(Ability:canandcould)10-7would表示過去重復(fù)性的動作(UsingwouldtoExpressaRepeatedActioninthePast)8表示偏向：wouldrather(ExpressingPreference:wouldrather)9情態(tài)動詞和短語情態(tài)動詞的結(jié)合(CombiningModalswithPhrasalModals)10-10情態(tài)動詞和類似表達的總結(jié)表(SummaryChartofModalsandSimilarExpressions)第十一章被動語態(tài)(ThePassive)11-1 被動語態(tài)的組成(FormingthePassive)11-2 被動語態(tài)的用法(UsingthePassive)3間接賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語(IndirectObjectsUsedasPassiveSubjects)4情態(tài)動詞與短語情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)(ThePassiveFormofModalsandPhrasalModals)5靜態(tài)被動語態(tài)(StativePassive)11-6常見靜態(tài)被動語態(tài)動詞+介詞(CommonStativePassiveVerbs+Prepositions)7get與被動語態(tài)(ThePassivewithget)11-8分詞形容詞(ParticipialAdjectives)第十二章名詞性從句(NounClauses)1概述(Introduction)12-2以疑問詞開頭的名詞性從句(NounClausesBeginningwithaQuestionWord)12-3以whether或if開頭的名詞性從句(NounClausesBeginningwithwhetherorif)4疑問詞后接不定式(QuestionWordsFollowedbyInfinitives)12-5以that開頭的名詞性從句(NounClausesBeginningwiththat)12-6直接引語(QuotedSpeech)7間接引語：名詞性從句中動詞的形式(ReportedSpeech:VerbFormsinNounClauses)8名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法(UsingtheSubjunctiveinNounClauses)9帶有-ever的辭匯的用法(Using-everWords)第十三章定語從句(AdjectiveClauses)1概述(Introduction)2定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheSubject)3定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作動詞的賓語(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaVerb)13-4定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaPreposition)13-5定語從句的經(jīng)常使用句型(UsualPatternsofAdjectiveClauses)6whose的用法(Usingwhose)13-7定語從句中where的用法(UsingwhereinAdjectiveClauses)13-8定語從句中when的用法(UsingwheninAdjectiveClauses)13-9定語從句修飾代詞的用法(UsingAdjectiveClausestoModifyPronouns)13-10定語從句中標(biāo)點符號的利用(PunctuatingAdjectiveClauses)13-11定語從句中數(shù)量的表示方式(UsingExpressionsofQuantityinAdjectiveClauses)13-12名詞+ofwhich的用法(UsingNoun+ofwhich)28613-13which修飾整個句子的用法(UsingwhichtoModifyaWholeSentence)28613-14將定語從句簡化為形容詞短語：概述(ReducingAdjectiveClausestoAdjectivePhrases:Introduction)15將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)變成形容詞短語(ChanginganAdjectiveClausetoanAdjectivePhrase)第十四章動名詞和不定式(一)(GerundsAndInfinitives,Part1)1 動名詞：概述(Gerunds:Introduction)14-2動名詞作介詞的賓語(UsingGerundsastheObjectsofPrepositions)3后面接動名詞的常見介詞短語

(CommonPrepositionCombinationsFollowedbyGerunds)14-4后面接動名詞的常見動詞(CommonVerbsFollowedbyGerunds)5go+動名詞(go+Gerund)14-6后面接動詞-ing形式的固定搭配(SpecialExpressionsFollowedby-ing)14-7后面接不定式的常見動詞(CommonVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives)8后面既可接不定式又可接動名詞的常見動詞(CommonVerbsFollowedbyeitherInfinitivesorGerunds)14-9后面接動名詞的動詞列表(ReferenceListofVerbsFollowedbyGerunds)14-10后面接不定式的動詞列表(ReferenceListofVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives)14-11it+不定式；動名詞和不定式作主語(it+Infinitive;GerundsandInfinitivesasSubjects)AndInfinitives,Part2)15-1表示目的的不定式：inorderto(InfinitiveofPurpose:inorderto)2后面接不定式的形容詞(AdjectivesFollowedbyInfinitives)3不定式與too和enough連用(UsingInfinitiveswithtooandenough)4不定式和動名詞的被動語態(tài)和完成式(PassiveandPastFormsofInfinitivesandGerunds)15-5need后接動名詞或不定式的被動語態(tài)形式(UsingGerundsorPassiveInfinitivesFollowingneed)15-6所有格修飾動名詞(UsingaPossessivetoModifyaGerund)7感官動詞的用法(UsingVerbsofPerception)15-8let和help后接動詞原形(UsingtheSimpleFormafterletandhelp)15-9使役動詞的用法：make,have,get第十五章動名詞和不定式(二)(Gerunds第十六章并列連詞第十五章動名詞和不定式(二)(Gerunds第十六章并列連詞(Coordinating1平行結(jié)構(gòu)(ParallelStructure)2成對連詞：both???and;notonly…butalso;either…or;neither…nor(UsingPairedConjunctions:both...and;notonly...butalso;either...or;neither...nor)3用并列連詞連接獨立分句(CombiningIndependentClauseswithCoordinatingConjunctions)第十七章狀語從句(AdverbClauses)1概述(Introduction)2緣故狀語從句(UsingAdverbClausestoShowCauseandEffect)17-3表達對照(意外的結(jié)果)：eventhough的用法〔ExpressingContrast(UnexpectedResult):Usingeventhough〕17-4表達直接對照：while和whereas(ShowingDirectContrast:whileandwhereas)17-5條件狀語從句：if從句(ExpressingConditionsinAdverbClauses:17-6條件狀語從句：whetherornot和evenif的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingwhetherornotandevenif)17-7條件狀語從句：incase和intheeventthat的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingincaseandintheeventthat)17-8條件狀語從句：unless的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingunless)9條件狀語從句：onlyif的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingonlyif)第十八章將狀語從句簡化為修飾性的副詞短語(ReductionOfAdverbClausesToModifyingAdverbialPhrases)1概述(Introduction)2將時刻狀語從句簡化為修飾性的副詞短語(ChangingTimeClausestoModifyingAdverbialPhrases)3用修飾性的副詞短語表達“與此同時”的概念(ExpressingtheIdeaof“DuringtheSameTime”inModifyingAdverbialPhrases)18-4用修飾性的副詞短語表示因果關(guān)系(ExpressingCauseandEffectinModifyingAdverbialPhrases)18-5在修飾性的副詞短語中利用“upon+-ing”(Usingupon+-inginModifyingAdverbialPhrases)第十九章表示因果、對照和條件關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(ConnectivesThatExpressCauseAndEffect,Contrast,AndCondition)1becauseof和dueto的用法(Usingbecauseofanddueto)19-2用過渡詞表示因果關(guān)系：therefore和consequently(UsingTransitionstoShowCauseandEffect:thereforeandconsequently)19-3句型和標(biāo)點符號小結(jié)(SummaryofPatternsandPunctuation)19-4其它表示因果關(guān)系的方式：such…that和so…that(OtherWaysofExpressingCauseandEffect:such...thatandso...that)19-5表示目的：sothat的用法(ExpressingPurpose:Usingsothat)6表示對照(意料之外的結(jié)果)〔ShowingContrast(UnexpectedResult)〕19-7表示直接對照(ShowingDirectContrast)19-8表示條件：otherwise和or(else)的用法〔ExpressingConditions:Usingotherwiseandor(else)〕9關(guān)聯(lián)詞小結(jié)：因果、對照和條件關(guān)系(SummaryofConnectives:CauseandEffect,Contrast,Condition)第二十章條件句和表達愿望的方式(ConditionalSentencesAndWishes)1 條件句中一樣動詞形式概述(OverviewofBasicVerbFormsUsedinConditionalSentences)20-2此刻和以后的真實條件句(TrueinthePresentorFuture)3此刻和以后的非真實條件句(與