高考英語寫作基礎(chǔ)技能提升：2句子成分表語定語狀語補(bǔ)

句子成分II：表語/定語/狀語/補(bǔ)一、表語

系動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系動(dòng)詞后面的部分叫表語。系動(dòng)詞與表語共同構(gòu)成謂語,說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么來充當(dāng)?shù)?名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞,不定式,分詞,還是表語從句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.(_____________________)2.Thebookisn’tmine.(_____________________)mine,名詞。onthedesk,介詞短語。3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(______________________)4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.(______________________)apoliceofficer,名詞。yellow,形容詞。5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.(_____________________________)6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.(_____________________________)toleaveatonce,不定式短語。thatweshouldstartatonce.表語從句。7.Hisspeechwasboring.

(_________________)8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.(_________________)excited,過去分詞。boring,現(xiàn)在分詞。二、定語

定語用來修飾名詞或代詞,起限定作用。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(如something)時(shí),或者是短語或定語從句作定語,則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(dāng)(形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(__________________________)

beautiful,形容詞;many,數(shù)詞。2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(____________________)3.Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.(_________________________________)demanding,現(xiàn)在分詞;my,形容詞性代詞。onthedesk,介詞短語。4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_____________________________)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_____________________________)beingrepaired,現(xiàn)在分詞短語;our,形容詞性代詞。one,數(shù)詞;thathavebeenlate,定語從句6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_______________________)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_______________________)woman,

名詞;good,形容詞。excited,過去分詞。三、狀語

狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個(gè)句子。作狀語的典型詞類是副詞,也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當(dāng)(副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(________________________________)carefully,副詞;athome,介詞詞組。todosomeshopping不定式作目的狀語;onSunday介詞短語表時(shí)間。2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(________________________________)3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(______________________________)4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.(______________________________)Feelingtired,現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因;withoutsupper,介詞短語表方式。WhenIgrowup,時(shí)間狀語從句。5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.(________________________________)6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(________________________________)Broughtupinthecountry,過去分詞短語表原因。duetohislackofpatience介詞短語表原因。四、補(bǔ)足語

補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語;補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出它是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)?名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(__________________)2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(__________________)asajoke,介詞詞組。monitor名詞3.Weheardhersingingasong.(_________________________________)4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.(_________________________________)tomakemyowndecision,動(dòng)詞不定式singingasong,現(xiàn)在分詞短語。5.Ithinkitwrongofhim