動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)講解

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)【用法講解】考試要求：中考要求掌握：動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)區(qū)別與使用，不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Weoftencleantheblackboard.（我們是擦黑板的執(zhí)行者即主動(dòng)語態(tài)）Theblackboardisoftencleanedbyus.（黑板是clean的承受者即被動(dòng)語態(tài)）。.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般過去時(shí)：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般將來時(shí)：will/shallbe+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞過去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞如：Youarewantedonthephone.有你的電話。Chinawasliberatedin1949.1949年中國(guó)解放。Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.明天將對(duì)這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行討論。Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.圖書館里沒有一本書被人拿走。Mybikeisbeingrepaired.我的自行車正在修理。ThebookhadbeenborrowedwhenIgottothelibrary.我到了圖書館時(shí)，那本書已經(jīng)借出去了。.主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換（1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+過去分詞），根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式。（3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.—Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.—Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.—Atreewascutdownbyhim..含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.—Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.—Itshouldbedoneatonce..含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+間接、直接賓語+其他被動(dòng)語態(tài)：間接賓語+be+過去分詞+直接賓語+其他(比較常用)或:直接賓語+be+過去分詞+介詞(for/to)+間接賓語+其他如：Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.Iwasgivenanewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).Anewbookwasgiventomeonmybirthday(bymyfather).我的父親在我的生日那天給我買了一本新書。Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.Iwasboughtanewcomputeryesterday(bymyfather).Anewcomputerwasboughtformeyesterday(bymyfather).我的父親昨天給我買了一臺(tái)新電腦。.含有短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞，如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”，“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。如：Shelooksafterhergrandmother.—Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).她照顧她的祖母。.帶有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語不動(dòng)。如：Histeacherfoundhimaverygoodpupil.—Hewasfoundaverygoodpupilbyhisteacher.他的老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)生。.變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的其他注意點(diǎn)(1)在主動(dòng)句中，let,make,see,hear等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,但在被動(dòng)句中,則要保留to。如：Linda,sparentsmakeherpracticethepianoeverySunday.—LindaismadetopracticethepianoeverySunday.琳達(dá)的父母親使她每天練習(xí)鋼琴。(2)有些及物動(dòng)詞如have(有),reach,cost等,以及有些連系動(dòng)詞如smell,taste,sound,feel等,不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：【誤】Fivedollarsiscostbythisbook.【正】Thisbookcostsfivedollars.書花費(fèi)了5元?！菊`】Thefoodistastednice.【正】Thefoodtastesnice.食物嘗起來挺好。如move,lock,shut,open等作不及物動(dòng)詞與can,t,won,t等連用時(shí),以及如read,write,wash,clean等作不及物動(dòng)詞與well,easily等副詞連用時(shí),已含有被動(dòng)意義，因此形式上不再采用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Thedoorwon,topen.門不能開了。Theclotheswashwell.衣服洗好了。【真題再現(xiàn)】We'resurethattheenvironmentinourcitygreatlythroughourworkinthenearfuture.A.improved B.wasimprovedC.hasimprovedD.willbeimprovedThepetdogiswarmandloving.Itasadaughterofmyfamily.A.treats B.treatedC.istreatedD.wastreatedWhenTimwhyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isaskedHeisverysurprisedthatallthehousesinthevillagewhite.A.paint B.painted C.arepaintingD.arepaintedIfitisn'tfinethisweekend,ourspringfieldtrip.A.iscancelledB.wascancelledC.willbecancelledA.newhospitalinmytownnextyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt—Tom!Ilookedforyoueverywhereatthepartylastnight.—Oh,Itotheparty.A.aminvited B.wasinvited C.amnotinvitedD.wasn,tinvitedManystudentschangestoshowthemselvesinclassbecausetheclasssizeistoobig.A.don'tgiveB.aren'tgivenC.haven'tgivenD.won'tgivePukouRailwayStationin1911andithasbecomeafilminglocationforfilmsandTVplaysinrecentyears.A.build B.isbuilt C.builtD.wasbuilt一Yourschoolissobeautiful.一Thanks!AmodernstadiumandabiggardentomakeitnicerthisyearA．willbebuilt B．hasbeenbuilt C．isbuiltThesemodelcarsinChinain2013.A.aremadeB.weremadeC.make D.made—Don,tsmokehere,Dad.Smokinginpublicplaces.一Oh,sorry.I,llstoprightnow.A.isn,tallowed B.aren,tallowed C.doesn,tallowManyhousesbytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagingD.aredamagedNowit'smucheasiertoshoponline.Whenyourorderisready,thethingsyouwanttobuytoyousoon.A.send B.weresent C.aresending D.willbesentThetelephonebyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876A．isinvented B．invented C．wasinvented—Hobo,canIeatthehamburger?一Sure,ifthedishes.A.washB.arewashedC.willwash D.willbewashedThepoorgirl bytheunfriendlyboyswhenshetoldherstory．A．laughedat B．waslaughedat C．laughsat D．islaughedThenovel bymanypeopletoday.A.isread B.areread C.reads D.werereadYoucan,twearshoesinsidethispace.It.A.doesn,tallow B.isn,tallowedC.hasn,tallowed D.wasn,tallowed【答案與解析】D。句意：我們相信，通過努力，我們城市的環(huán)境在不久的將來會(huì)得到巨大的改善。根據(jù)inthenearfuture可知，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)；環(huán)境應(yīng)該是被改善，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選D項(xiàng)。C。句意：這只寵物狗既友好又令人喜愛。它被當(dāng)作我家的女兒一樣對(duì)待。由于主語it和動(dòng)詞treat構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故本題須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。又由題干中的iswarm可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。故答案為C項(xiàng)。A。句意：當(dāng)Tim被問到他為什么上學(xué)遲到時(shí)，他只是保持沉默。由句意可知主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，又因?yàn)轭}干中的動(dòng)詞都為過去式，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故答案為A項(xiàng)。D。句意為“他對(duì)村子里所有的房子都被粉刷上白色感到驚訝”，因?yàn)榉孔邮遣荒茏约核⑸习咨?，所以必須用被?dòng)語態(tài)。C。句意：這個(gè)周末如果天氣不好，我們的春游將被取消。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，故此處主句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故答案為C項(xiàng)。D。句意：明年在我家鄉(xiāng)要建一所新醫(yī)院。醫(yī)院與建造為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；由nextyear（明年）可知用一般將來時(shí)。故選D。D。本題意為：——Tom!昨晚在聚會(huì)上我到處找你?！?，我沒被邀請(qǐng)去聚會(huì)，故本題應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故答案選D。B。句意：很多學(xué)生在上課的時(shí)候都沒有機(jī)會(huì)展示自己，因?yàn)榘嗉?jí)人數(shù)太多。學(xué)生應(yīng)該被給予機(jī)會(huì)，所以應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B項(xiàng)。D。句意：浦口火車站建于1911年，近年來它已經(jīng)成為電影和電視劇的拍攝地。根據(jù)in1911可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；火車站是被建的，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選D項(xiàng)。A。由語境可知，今年還會(huì)建一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的體育場(chǎng)和一座大花園，這會(huì)使校園更漂亮。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選A。B。句意：這些模型汽車是中國(guó)2013年制造的。由時(shí)間狀語in2013可知時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，modelcars與動(dòng)詞make之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。A。句意為“在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙不被允許”，考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，smoking應(yīng)視作單數(shù)，故選擇A。B。句意：很多房子都被地震毀壞了，成千上萬的人無家可歸。根據(jù)句意和句中的“thousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless”可知，這里用的是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，并且manyhouses和damage構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。D。句意：現(xiàn)在在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物容易的多啦。當(dāng)你的訂單準(zhǔn)備好了，你想買的東西時(shí)很快就會(huì)送給你。things是send這一動(dòng)作的承受者，該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)soon一詞可知用一般將來時(shí)，所以該用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，因此選D。C。句意：AlexanderGrahamBell于1876年發(fā)明了電話。由“in1876”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；且主語“thetelephone”是invent動(dòng)作的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C。B。if意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；“thedishes”與wash之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。B。laughat意為“嘲笑”。本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，根據(jù)'whenshetoldherstory”可知，主句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；主句主語“thepoorgirl”是動(dòng)作laughat的承受者，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意為：當(dāng)那位可憐的女孩講述她的故事時(shí)，被那些不友好的男孩嘲笑了，故選B。A。主語是thenovel，所以謂語要用單數(shù)形式，所以排除答案B和D；題中出現(xiàn)明顯時(shí)間詞today，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為A。B。句意：你不能在這里穿鞋子，這是不允許的。這里的it是句子的主語，它與allow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（構(gòu)成：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）；作為一項(xiàng)規(guī)則，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。—It,sreportedthatsomecapsules（膠囊）arereallybadforourhealth.—Soundsterrible.Hopefullytheproblemassoonaspossible.A.issolved B.hassolved C.wassolvedD.willbesolvedManytreesandflowersinourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedLastyear,Shenzhou-8intothespace.Itmadeusproud.A.issentB.wassentC.sendsD.sentThousandsofhousesbythefloodsinGuangxilastmonth.A.destroy B.destroyed C.havedestroyedD.weredestroyedLastyearlotsoftreestomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplanted D.wereplantedAnotherrailwaystationinChangshain2011.A.wasbuilt B.build C.willbebuiltTheroadlastyear.A.builds B.built C.wasbuiltD.isbuiltLastmonthanewlawinChinatostoppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.A.ispassedB.passesC.hadpassedD.waspassedICanyousingthisEnglishsong?—Ofcourse,Ican.Itmanytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaughtTeenagerstofollowthetrafficrules.A.shouldbetaughtB.shouldteachC.canbeallowed——Whatacleanandbrightclassroom,isn,tit?—Yes,it,salwayscleanandbrightbecauseiteveryday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleanedStudentsaretospeakloudlyinthereadingroom.A.toldB.supposedC.notsupposedD.allowedThefunnystorymadeallofusforalongtime.A.smiledB.laughedC.laughD.tolaughTheoldmanlooksvery.A.worryB.worryingC.worriedD.toworry一MayIwatchthefootballmatchonTV?—Ifyourhomework,youcanwatchit.A.willdoB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.willbedoneSheinthenextroomjustnow.Shemustbetherenow.A.heardtosingB.washeardtosingC.heardsingingD.heardsing—Mybikeisbroken?—Whynothaveit?A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepairHemakefacesinclassbytheteacheryesterday.A.askednottoB.askedtonotC.wasaskednottoD.wasaskedtonotCoffeeisready.Howniceit!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feelsHewasmadehishomeworkforthreehoursbyhismother.A.doingB.todoC.doD.doesOh,themilkstrange-doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?A.istasted B.istastingC.tastes D.tastedThesebooksshouldtothelibraryontime.A.send B.bereturnedC.giveback D.begotbackCouldyoutellmewhichbestamongthebooksonsale?A.issold B.sellsC.arewritten D.writesMostinternationalbusinesslettersinEnglish.A.iswritten B.arewrittenC.iswriting D.arewritingYouwerenoticedthewindowjustnow.A.breaking,openB.tobreak,openC.opening,breakD.tobebroken,openII.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。Doyouknowthatyoungtreesmust(water)onceaweek?Someboys(ask)togofishingwiththeirteacherafterclassyesterdayafternoon,thoughtheydidn,twantto.Mymotherenjoys(listen)tosomepopularsongs.Wouldyoumind(open)thedoorforme?Itisraininghardoutside.Youhadbetter(stay)athome.Whynot(go)shoppingwithmethisafternoon?Listen!Someone(sing)inyourroom.Whoisit?Thestudents(plant)morethantwohundredtreessofar.Yourmother(watch)TVwhenwegottoyourhouse.Wewillcomeandhelpyouifit(be)finetomorrow.【答案與解析】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。D。句意為“希望問題能被盡快解決”。所以用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)選D。B。句意為“每年我們城市要種許多樹和花”。物作主語，又是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。B。句意為“去年神州八號(hào)被發(fā)送進(jìn)入太空”?？芍靡话氵^去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。D。本題是考查動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由astmonth可知用一般過去時(shí)，Thousandsofhouses作主語，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以選D。D。本題是考查動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是10tsoftrees，所以選D。C。本題是考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)間in2014可知選C。C。本題考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)閠heroad是主語，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，時(shí)間是lastyear用一般過去時(shí)，所以選C。D。本題考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)閕newlaw是主語，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，lastmonth用一般過去時(shí)，所以選D。D。本題是考查動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語it代替thisEnglishsong，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又知到目前為止已經(jīng)被教許多次了，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以選D。A。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用shouldbedone形式，句意為“青少年應(yīng)