美國(guó)總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選

TheU.SPresidentialElection

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選Outline:Ⅰ:Introduction（說明）(thetraditionofelectionandthequalificationofbeingapresident)（選舉傳統(tǒng)及作為總統(tǒng)的資格）Ⅱ:Theprocessoftheelection（選舉過程）Ⅲ:Comment（注釋）Thetraditionofelection：

Americanselecttheirpresidentthroughacombinationofcustom,statelaw,andconstitutionalrequirementsuchastheElectoralCollegeasspecifiedinArticleⅡ,Sections2and4andAmendment12.furthermore,ArticleⅡ,Section5plusAmendments20and23oftheunitedStatesConstitutionpertaintoelectionofthepresident.美國(guó)公民根據(jù)慣例、國(guó)家法律和憲法的要求，如選舉團(tuán)規(guī)定中的第二條第二及第四款以及修正案12，選舉總統(tǒng)。此外，美國(guó)憲法第二條中第五款修正案20及23也涉及到總統(tǒng)選舉。ThequalificationofbeingapresidentApresidentmustbeatleast35yearold總統(tǒng)必須至少35歲

Anaturalborncitizen出生時(shí)為美國(guó)公民AresidentoftheUnitedStatesatleast14years居住合眾國(guó)境內(nèi)至少十四年

Thepresidentiselectedforafouryearterm,andanyindividualislimitedservingtwoconsecutivetermsaspresident.

總統(tǒng)任期四年，且任何人只能連任兩屆總統(tǒng)(exception:FranklinDelanoRooseveltwaselectedtofourconsecutiveterms)例外：富蘭克林羅斯福當(dāng)選了四屆Theprocessoftheelection：Thefirststage:Nominationofcandidates第一階段：候選人提名

Thesecondstage:Thecampaigning第二階段：競(jìng)選

Thethirdstage:Appointmentofelectorstheelectoralcollege第三階段：選舉人團(tuán)委任選舉人Thefourthstage:Electorscastingvotes第四階段：選民投票

2012總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選日程Thefirststage:Themajorpartiesholdconventions(nationalpartyconventionsheldinlateJulyorAugust)tochoosecandidatesforPresidentandVicePresidentandtodeterminetheparties’platforms.政黨舉行大會(huì)（黨的全國(guó)會(huì)議在七月下旬或八月舉行）選擇總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)候選人并且確定政黨綱領(lǐng)Thesecondstage:Oncethepresidentialcandidatesofthemajorpartiesareselected,thegeneralelectioncomestothesecondstage,thecampaigningstage.一旦主要政黨的總統(tǒng)候選人選舉完畢，一般競(jìng)選就進(jìn)入第二階段：競(jìng)選階段。totravelalloverthecountry,makingcountlessspeechesanddebatewiththeotherparty’spresidentialcandidateonTV到全國(guó)各地做無數(shù)演講，并在電視上與其他政黨總統(tǒng)候選人做辯論。tomakeuseoftheothercandidate’sdisadvantages利用其它候選人的弱點(diǎn)tocollectinformationaboutthecampaignplanoftheotherparty’scandidate收集其它政黨候選人的活動(dòng)計(jì)劃Thethirdstage:Appointmentofelectors:ElectionDay.TheUnitedStatesConstitutionprovidesthateachstate“shallappoint”elector(whomakeuptheElectoralCollege)forPresidentandVicePresidentinthemannerdirectedbyitsstatelegislature,onthedaywhichmaybethe“TuesdaynextafterthefirstMondayinNovember”eachfourthyear.委任選舉人：選舉日。美國(guó)憲法規(guī)定各州應(yīng)通過由州議會(huì)指定的方式指定總統(tǒng)及副總統(tǒng)的選舉人（組成選舉團(tuán)的人），這一天可能是每四年的“十一月第一個(gè)星期一之后的下個(gè)星期二”。

Thethirdstage:ThoughonElectionDay,voterscasttheirvoterstopresidentialcandidates,whattheyactuallychoosearepresidentialelectors.ThepopularvoteswilldeterminewhichpartywillmakeuptheElectoralCollege.通過選舉日，選民將票投給總統(tǒng)選舉人，事實(shí)上就相當(dāng)于選擇了總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選者。主流選票將決定選舉團(tuán)由哪一政黨組成。Thefourthstage:Althoughtheresultsisalreadyknown,theelectorstillmeetintheirstatecapitalsandcasttheirvotesforPresidentandVicePresidentonthe1stMon.afterthe2ndWed.inDec.theyvoteverystrictly.TheDemocraticelectorsvotefortheDemocraticpresidentialcandidatesandtheRepublicanones.WhenthenewcongressassembledonJan.6,theelectoralvotesareformallycountedinajointsessionofthetwohousesandthePresidentoftheSenateannouncesthe“stateofvote”.Thenthefourthstagecomestoitsend.盡管結(jié)果已知，選舉人仍然根據(jù)程序和時(shí)間進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的投票。民主黨和共和黨選舉人分別投票給各自候選人。在一月六日，新的國(guó)會(huì)集合，選舉人的選票在兩院的聯(lián)席會(huì)議正式統(tǒng)計(jì)并由參議院議長(zhǎng)宣布“投票”的狀態(tài)。然后第四階段結(jié)束。

Comment:

Americanpresidentialelectionisanationalactivity.TheConstitutiongiveseveryAmericantherighttovoteaslongasheorshereachestheageofeighteen.Therefore,