非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解課件(定稿)

Nonfiniteverbs非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.todo2.-ing3.done謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。

e.g.He

works.

He

takescareof

thebaby.

He

willgo

toShanghai.

He

didn’tgo

toShanghai.

He

hasgone

toShanghai.

You

are

students.

You

looksmart.單謂語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+v.系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)：無(wú)人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Heworks.

Hewants

towork

here.

Heis

working

now.

Hehas

donehiswork.

非謂語(yǔ)不定式（todo)V-ingV-edasanounasadj.oradv.現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類

使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。)找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法作用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過(guò)去分詞√√√√高考熱點(diǎn)一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)：

1.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示泛指的、一般的行為;不定式做主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作。

e.g.Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.爬山很有趣。

TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2.不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。

e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.3.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。常見于以下句型中：

It’suse/good/fun…It’suseful/nice/useless…

e.gIt’sniceseeingyouagain.

辨析幾類情況：1.________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned2.Itisnotalwayseasy________invitations.A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefused D.beingrefused3.How__________theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.A.tosolve B.tobesolvedC.beingsolved D.solving4.It__________forty-fiveminutes__________therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togetto5.Itisnogood__________.Youshouldgive_________. A.tosmoke,itup B.smoking,itupC.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upit

二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：1.下列動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)：

want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.

只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：

決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來(lái)做的事迫不及待下決心做過(guò)去常常未能做的事

決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來(lái)做的事decidetodosth.決定做某事

want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事

plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某

needtodosth.需要做某事

agreetodosth.同意做某事

affordtodo能做某事

beusedtodo被用來(lái)做

迫不及待下決心做過(guò)去常常未能做的事

can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事

makeupone’smindtodo下決心做某事

usedtodo過(guò)去常常做某事

failtodo未能做某事

2.在下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：

admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。

只能接-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：

喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)

錯(cuò)過(guò)建議保持介意值得考慮（押韻）喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)

enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事

spend...doingsth.花費(fèi)…做某事

bebusydoingsth.忙于做…

imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事

can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事

feellikedoingsth.想要做某事

finishdoingsth.完成做某事

practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事

missdoingsth.錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事

suggestdoingsth.建議做某事

keep(on)doingsth.保持（繼續(xù)）做某事

minddoingsth.介意做某事

beworthdoingsth.值得做某事

considerdoingsth.考慮做某事錯(cuò)過(guò)建議保持介意值得考慮

介詞+doing

?？冀樵~:at,in,onof,off,for,fromup,about,withoutto等等begoodatdoingsth擅長(zhǎng)做某事

beinterestedindoingsth.對(duì)做某事感興趣

insistondoing堅(jiān)持做某事

beusedfordoingsth.被用來(lái)做某事

thanksb.fordoingsth.謝謝某人做某事

betiredofdoingsth.厭煩做某事

beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推遲做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事withoutdoingsth.沒有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考慮做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么樣?此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）

payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）

beusedtodoingsth.（習(xí)慣于）

preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜歡）

devotetodoingsth（致力于）

makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）特殊詞精講:tododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做過(guò)stopgoon（兩個(gè)字）兩件事（一個(gè)字）一件事likehatelove一次性長(zhǎng)期try盡力做嘗試做startbegin一樣

一樣

stopdoing/todostoptodo停下來(lái)去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他們停下來(lái)吸煙。Theystoptosmoke.我必須戒煙了Imuststopsmoking.forgettodo忘記要去做某事，forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事。Eg：辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.forgetdoing/todo

rememberdoing/todoremembertodo記得去做某事rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

你不記得以前見過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。Eg：做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.trydoing/todosth.trytodosth.努力,盡力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.試著做某事Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.小試牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_____abouttheInternet.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_____thedoor?

-______.Pleasedoit.

A.toopen;OK

B.opening;Certainlynot

C.opening;Ofcourse

D.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_____untilwemakeit.

A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying4.-Areyouenjoying_____inNingbo?

-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5．Wecouldn’thelp_____(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughsD.laughed

6.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn7.It’sapayday,andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid8.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A．tobeheard B.tobehearingC．tohear D.tohaveheard

9.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing10.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone11.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

12.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhim____sowellbefore.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look13.Myfatherhasdecided______becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke14Itiskind___metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelping15.—Wouldyoulike______somebreadorbiscuits?

—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellike

anythingnow.A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeatC.having,toeatD.having,eating16.—Doyourememberme,Tom?

—Ah,yes,Iremembered_____youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)

1.表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時(shí)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞可以互換。

e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2.若表示具體的、個(gè)別的動(dòng)作或有將來(lái)含義時(shí)，一般用不定式。

e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)具有形容詞特征,也可以作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別

e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．1.Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.become C.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishing B.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3.Thereportwasso_______thattheywereall__________.A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excitedC.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting4.---“Youlookpale.”---“Ifeelalittle__________.”A.tire B.tired C.tiring D.tiresome四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)

1做定語(yǔ)放在所修.不定式飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作。

e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon．

Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2.動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)往往說(shuō)明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。

e.g.awashingmachine（動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣機(jī)

areadingroom（動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，=aroomwhichisusedforreading）閱覽室3.

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)則表示被動(dòng)、或完成的意義。單個(gè)分詞或形容詞性的分詞作定語(yǔ)往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)多置于被修飾詞后面。

e.g.therisingsun（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，=thesunwhichisrising）正在升起的太陽(yáng)

thechangingworld（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，=theworldwhichischanging）變化中的世界

amovingmovie感人的電影excitedvoice激動(dòng)的聲音（形容詞性分詞作定語(yǔ)）

fallenleaves落葉abrokencup一個(gè)破了的杯子（過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)則表示被動(dòng)、或完成）1.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting______.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attending2.Heisalwaysthefirst______questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beinganswered3.TheOlympicGames_______intheyear2012willbeagreatsuccess.A.beingheldB.tobeheldC.heldD.tohold4.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject___________here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.teachingD.tobeteaching6.---"Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?"---"Agroup_______itselftheLeagueforpeace."A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled7.Thepen__________belongstome.A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetableC.isonthetableD.whichonthetable五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to，還有的帶與不帶都可以?！褚韵聞?dòng)詞后常跟帶符號(hào)to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。e.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.

我們希望他留下來(lái)接受這個(gè)職位。

接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：

請(qǐng)求與命令想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助請(qǐng)求與命令asksb.todosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事

tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事

invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事

expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事

encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事

advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事

答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助promisesb.todo答應(yīng)某人做某事

warnsb.nottodosth.告誡某人做某事

allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事

remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事

helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事●有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后常跟不帶符號(hào)to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常表動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過(guò)程。e.g.Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.

我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。

Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.

老板讓他們一天干12小時(shí)工作。

省略to的情況:使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth為什么不做…?helpsb.（to）dosthWouldrather寧愿做…wouldyouplease情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do助動(dòng)詞+do牛刀小試1.

Mymotheroftenasksme_____somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.

–DoyouoftenhearJohn_____inhisroom?

–

Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singing3.

Iwatchedher______inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Let’s______swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.

You’dbetter_______abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catching6.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi__________morerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get7.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared8.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging

2.現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分兩種情況：●形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

e.g.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Theboyisfoundveryannoying.

發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小男孩很令人討厭。（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）●動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后可以跟表示動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。

e.g.Iseehimpassingbyabank.

我看見他正經(jīng)過(guò)一家銀行。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Hewasseenworkinginthegarden.

有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1.Hekeptme__________formanyhours.A.towaitB.havingbeenwaitedC.waitingD.waited2.Mothercaughttheboy__________inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.beingsmoked

3.HavingreadtheEmperor'sNewClothes,weallfoundit___.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.tointerest

區(qū)分下列詞組:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，+doing表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去to。3.過(guò)去分詞(done)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其前的賓語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)?！袢羰羌拔飫?dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，既表示被動(dòng)，也可以表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）?！袢羰遣患拔飫?dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，則只表示完成。●句子由主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

Thebossfoundhisplancarriedoutsuccessfully.Theboywasfoundlostintheforest.HaveyouheardthissongsunginJapanese?(賓補(bǔ))ThissongisoftenheardsungeverywhereinChina.(主補(bǔ))1.Ineedthischapter__________beforetomorrow.A.rewritingB.rewrittenC.rewriteD.towriteagain2.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________.A.tostealB.losingC.missedD.stolen

3.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself_________.A.beingheardB.heardC.hearingD.hear

六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)1.不定式做狀語(yǔ)，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)?！癫欢ㄊ酵旁谙当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。

e.g.ShewassurprisedtoseeJimwalkin.

看到吉姆進(jìn)來(lái)，她很驚訝。●不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加上inorder,soas。

e.g.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.

Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.●不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too…to,enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時(shí)不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。

e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Thehusbandlefthiswife,nevertoreturn.

●有些不定式是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的，放在句子之外，修飾整個(gè)句子，我們稱之為評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)。

e.g.Ihaveneverseensuchaperson,totellyouthetruth.

Tocutalongstoryshort,wedisagree.

長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，我們不同意。六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)1.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry__________.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.left

2.Iwenttoseehim__________himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.onlyfound

2.現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、目的以及作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)等。●現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。

e.g.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedforjoy.

Havingfinishedhisspeech,heansweredourquestions.●作原因狀語(yǔ)：

Livingfarfromtheschool,Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning.●作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語(yǔ)表示直接造成的結(jié)果。

e.g.Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage.●作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)，表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的另一動(dòng)作。

e.g.FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。

Shecameridingabrand-newbike.

她騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來(lái)的?！瘳F(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語(yǔ)往往具有伴隨性，多放于句尾，且與主句間用逗號(hào)隔開。

e.g.Janekeptsilent,tryingnottoshowherfeelings.●作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)，有些慣用的分詞短語(yǔ)在句中可以獨(dú)立存在，它們用來(lái)修飾全句，表明說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)

roughlyspeaking大致說(shuō)來(lái)narrowlyspeaking狹義上說(shuō)

judgingfrom/by由…判斷。

e.g.Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromAustralia.

1.__________thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.A.TohearB.HearingC.HavingheardD.Theyhearing

2.__________Hello,hereachedouthishand.A.SaidB.SayingC.TalkedaboutD.Talkingto

3.過(guò)去分詞在句中可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)?！襁^(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有時(shí)還可以置于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。

Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.●

作原因狀語(yǔ)，常置于句首。

InfectedwiththeH1N1,thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren.●

作條件狀語(yǔ)：

United,westand;divided,wefall.合則立，分則敗?！?/p>

作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)：Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans.1._________fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SawC.SeeingD.Seen

2.___________thepast,ourlifeismuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith

下面從二個(gè)方面來(lái)探究非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解題方法：1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的做題技巧一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。

2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.

A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved【解析】由于與句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。

原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用-ing.4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;climbing

listento…do/doing…【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時(shí)由主語(yǔ)he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Shewrotetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,

_________alongspeech.(prepare)4._______warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep

)preparingtoresthopingTokeep－,ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與todo作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的－ing形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號(hào);而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，且前面不能用逗號(hào)。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。

10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。of11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed

astranger

his

eyessittingseat

vt.Iseatedmyself.=Iwasseated.=Isatdownfixone’seyesupon…原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn(be)facedwith…Facedwith13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是人，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。watching原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）

14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用-ing的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。has15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因?yàn)門hemanager與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)left之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，havingmade...相當(dāng)于whohadmade...的意思。left16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry

—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABissbissaidtodo…據(jù)說(shuō)…原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;

用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;

用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

themeeting

thedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost

20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.

—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

ThingsThelastonelosevt.losesb/sth注：受thefirst，thesecond...thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。

Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.

你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，…原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，…原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，…原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用-ing/todo,區(qū)別是：-ing表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，todo表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四:凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式；如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)形式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上要用完成式（-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。二.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)”______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.

4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)二.分析邏輯主語(yǔ)確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

怎么加?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)，特別是當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是主句的主語(yǔ)，若不然，則得加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。一般說(shuō)來(lái),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)為其所修飾的名詞；作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前的賓語(yǔ)；作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常為主句的主語(yǔ),

（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouth