高層建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)中結(jié)構(gòu)體系的確定

高層建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)中構(gòu)造體系確實(shí)定Determinationofstructuralsysteminschemedesignofhigh-risebuilding.TxtThispapercontributes101fromthelittlerainforestPdfdocumentsmayexperiencepoorbrowsingontheWAPside.ItisrecommendedthatyoufirstselectTXT,ordownloadthesourcefiletothelocalview.DesignandengineeringpracticeofhighrisebuildingDeterminationofstructuralsysteminschemedesignofhighrisebuildingShiJianguangHuaLinlin(Schoolofarchitectureandcivilengineering,XiamenUniversity,Fujian,Xiamen361003)1themethodofdeterminingthestructuralsystemofhigh-risebuildingForthewholeconstructionproject,thedesignphaseistheconstructionofkeyprojectsinthewholeprocessofinvestmentcontrol,thepossibilityofFigure1visiblesaveconstructioncostinthedesignstageanddesignstageanddecreasedrapidlyfrom100%tothebeginningofconstructionhasdroppedtoabout10%.Therefore,thekeyof[2]controlconstructioncostliesinthestageofdesignpreparationorprojectdesign.[1]Figure1theimpactofthevariousstagesofthedesignontheprojectinvestment.Datasource:XuXiaofang:"thecostcontroloftherealestatedevelopmentshouldstartfromtheplanninganddesignstage",thecontemporaryconstruction,1999.Forhigh-risebuildings,accordingtotheheightofthestructure,thechoiceofreasonablestructuralsystemandproperdesign,theplaneshape,profile,[3]andtotalshapeofthebuildingaredeterminedbythebuildinginthepreliminarydesignstage.Thestructuraldesignisalwaysinvolvedafterthearchitecthascompletedthearchitecturaldesignplaningeneral,andproposedthestructuralschemeforthearchitecturalscheme.Inthearchitecturaldesignstage,thechangeofthebuildingshapeandotherfactorswillresultinstructuralstresschanges,especiallyforhigh-risebuildings,[4].Asinbuildingdesign,changedbytheshapeofwind,windloadandthebuildingbyforcewillchangeaccordingly;changethebuildinggravityloaddistributioncharacteristicsofhorizontalseismicactionandbuildingbyforcewillcausethechangeof.Ifthebuildingdesignersingraphicdesignandverticaldesign,notonthebasisofthestresscharacteristicsofthestructureprincipleandrelevantbasicdesigntechnique,oftenmakethestructureengineer[5]structuresystemcaneffectivelychoosereasonable,duetostructuralinstabilityproblems.Astructuredesigninarchitecturaldesignschemeisputforwardandbackwardtoseeksolutionsonthestructure,thestructureofthedivisiontodiminishtheroleofthearchitecttoseekafterthearchitecturalforminthestructureofthe[6]solution,makethedesigncompletelyinasubordinateposition.Atpresent,thereareseveralmethodstodeterminethestructuresystemofhigh-risebuildingsathomeandabroad:1.1expertdiscussionAccordingtoexpertspreviouslyengagedintherichdesigncase,consideringsomeimportantstructuraldesignparameters,theintuitionselectedoneorseveralmaybeasatisfactorysolutionscheme,thentheexpertswillfurtherscrutinyoftheseprograms,soastodecidethesatisfactorysolutionthatcut.Thismethodismoresubjective,anditisdifficulttotakeintoaccountallthefactorsthataffectthestructureselection,anditisdifficulttoorganize[7].1.2primaryselectionbasedonspecificationandlistForexample,theseismicdesigncodeofourcountrystipulatesthestructuretypeandmaximumheightofthereinforcedconcretehouse(Table1),[9][10][11]abroad.Fintel,Schueller,Taranathandothersalsosummarizeandsummarizetheoptimumnumberoflayersforeachtypeofstructure(Table2)[8]OneDesignandengineeringpracticeofhighrisebuildingTable1maximumheightapplicableforcast-in-placereinforcedconcretebuildings(unit:m)Structuretype,frameframe,seismicwall,seismicwallframe,coretube,middlebarrel6600Thefortificationintensityis120230and0Source:Codeforseismicdesignofbuildings.ChinaConstructionIndustryPress,2023chronology,maximumheightapplicableforcast-in-placereinforcedconcrete(unit:m)2Structuretype,framestructure,frameshearwallstructure,shearwallstructure,concretestructure,frametubestructure,tubeintubestructure,beamtubestructure,framestructure,trussstructure,steelstructure,frametubestructure,trusstubestructureLayers3040,80100Source:Fintel,Schueller,Taranath:[9][10][11],1985-1988years.Thismethodisintuitive,giventhestructureofmaximumheightornumber,butwhentherearemultiplealternativestructurelimitrequirementsmeet,didnotgivetheperformanceofthemethodofperformanceindexsystemandevaluationstandardandevaluationorassessment,stillneeddesignersusingsubjectivejudgmenttooptimizestructure.Consideringthebuildingheightorthenumberoflayers,infact,theheightandthenumberoflayersshouldcontrolthestructureselectionatthesametime,andignoretheotherfactors,suchasfunction,siteandsoon.1.3comprehensivefuzzyevaluationmethodHeGuangqianChinaAcademyofbuildingresearchandputforwardthesuitablestructuralsystemofhigh-risebuildingsarefuzzycomprehensiveassessmentmethodofcalculationisdividedintothreeitems:[13](1)accordingtothetotalnumberofbuildingsandbuildingfunction,establishtherelationshipmatrix[12].have(2)accordingtothefunctionofthebuilding,theoptionquantityA;Aistheweightedvectorofallkindsofbuildings,whichcanbeweighedanddeterminedbythedesigner.Whenthelackofbiasconditions,accordingtothefollowing:theweightedvectorofhigh-riseapartmentA=(1,1,0.3,0.1,0.2,0)A=(1,0.3high-risehotel,1,0.2,0.1,0)ofhigh-riseofficebuildingA=(1,0.2,0.2,1,0.3,0A=(1)publicbuildings,0.3,0.2,0.3,1,0.3)buildingA=(1,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,1)(3)forfuzzyevaluationvectorB=A-RN.Accordingly,thetypeofthestructuralsystemoftheselectedtallbuildingcanbejudged.Althoughthismethodconsidersthebuildingofthenumberandfunctionofotherfactors,basedonacertaincalculation,buttheweightvalueisrandomandsubjectivefactors,butalsofailedtotakeintoaccounttheinfluenceofstructureselectionandothervenues.RN=sMuamuhMuoMuPmu???????????E?T1.4conceptdesign"Conceptualdesign"wasfirstproposedbyMr.LinTongyan,afamousChineseAmericancivilengineeringexpert.Itmainlyexplainedhowtodesignthestructuralsystematthedesignstagebyusingthewholemethod.Thepurposeofconceptualdesignis:inparticulararchitecturalspace,environmentandgeographicalstripsTwoUnderthedesignandengineeringpracticeofhigh-risebuilding,theoverallconceptistakenintoaccountoftheoverallstructureofthestructure,andthemechanicalcharacteristicsandrelationsbetweenthestructuralmastersystemandthebasicsubsystemsareconsciouslybroughtintoplayandutilized.Atthestageofarchitecturaldesign,Byusingtheconceptofapproximatecalculationmethod,canquicklyandeffectivelytostructureconception,comparisonandselection,thismethodhassomeerrors,buttheconceptisclearandaccurate,issimpleandquick,canquicklyselecttheoptimalsolutionandtodeterminethemaincomponentsofthebasicsize.Atthesametime,itisalsotheconstructionstagedesignstagetojudgethecomputerinternalforceoutputdatareliable[14][15].Therequirementofconceptualdesigninthedesignprocessthroughoutthestructureandapplicationoftheconcept,isaqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisinsteadof,isthemainbasisforthefoundationdesignofastructure,safetyandeconomyofthebuildingwillhaveasignificantimpact,thisisnotabeamora[16platetoreducetheamountofreinforcement.Canbecompared,sointhedesignstagetousetheconceptofdesignideasisverynecessaryandtimely.Buttheconceptualdesignofthestructureissimplifiedtobeanintegralcomponent(suchascantilever),calculationofstructureistoorough,andthestructureofthissimplifiedmodelisdifficulttomeetthestructuralcharacteristicsofallbuildings,alwaysbelongtoaqualitativejudgement,withthepricetheownersofthebuildingdesignrequirementsmoreandmorespecific,conceptualdesignshowsitslimitationsandneedtodesignthestructureoftheprimaryquantitativeprogramdesignedtoassistintheplanstage.1.5expertsystemInordertosolvethestructuredesignstageofintelligentdesign,haveputforwardavarietyofexpertsystem(ExpertSystem),basedontheknowledge(knowledge-based),basedontheexamples(case-based),basedontherules(rule-based)andsoon,usingthegeneticalgorithm,fuzzyreasoning,neuralnetworkandsoon,therewillbedifferentcomprehensiveapplicationoftechnologyofcomputeraideddesign.Computeraideddesignisverygooduseofthepreviousdesignexamplestosolvetheproblemofstructuredesignbyusingtheknowledge,strategy,experienceandrelevantrulesandregulationsandotheraspectsoftheinformation,buttomakethecasebasecomplete,requiresalotofworktocollectavarietyofarchitecturalexamples,easytocausethebottleneckofknowledge,andthegeneralconstructionschemeanditisdifficulttofindsiteconditionsandpreviousinstancesofperfectlymatchedwiththedesignandconstruction;technologyprogress,improvethedesignspecifications,justrefertopastdesignexamplesofbuildingstructuredesign,caneasilyleadtosimilarstructuredesign,[17]lag,lackofinnovation.Soalthoughalotofdesignsoftwarebasedonexpertsystemhasbeendeveloped,almostallofthemcannotbewidelyusedinpracticalwork.1.6structuraloptimizationdesignThegeneraldesignofthestructureistoputforwardthedesignplanfirst,calculatetheloadresponse,adjustthedesignartificially,improvetheefficiencyofthestructure,andmeetthedesignrequirementsofvariousspecifications.Theshortcomingisthatthedesignismainlycomposedofexperiencedengineerswiththemethodoftrialanderroradjustgraduallycompleted,canassureenoughdesignoptimization,needtodesignalongtime,mainconsiderationofthedesignmeettherequirementsofthestandards,thelackofstrictcostcontrolinthedesignprocess.Optimumdesignof[18]structureisakindoffastautomaticdesignprocessbasedoncomputer,cangettheoptimaldesignschemetomeetallthesetconstraintconditions,structureoptimizationdesignisanimportantdevelopmentinthetheoryofstructuraldesign,througheffectiveoptimizationalgorithm,tooptimizethedesignvariables,theoptimalgoal.Structuraloptimizationcanachievereasonableoptimizationofresourceallocation.Atthesamecost,theperformanceoftheoptimizeddesignschemeisbetter;orunderthesameperformance,thecostoftheoptimizeddesignschemeislower.Structuraloptimizationdesignisaverygoodmethod,butbecausethedesignersneedtohaverichexperienceinthedesign,butalsomusthaveagoodfoundationofmathematicsandmechanics,andrichknowledgeofcomputers,manydesignersalsodifficulttomastersomanyskills.Therefore,thestructuraloptimizationdesignismoreandmorefoundinsomeresearchpapers,andcanbereallyoperatedinpracticalengineering.1.7summarySincestructuraldesignisnotpurelyinferential,itsconceptualdesigniscloselyrelatedtoarchitecturaldesign.Therefore,itisnecessarytofullyconsiderthepossibilityandrationalityofthestructuralschemewhilecarryingoutthelayoutoftheflat[19]surfaceandthedeterminationofthefacadeshapeandthesectionalstructure.However,theexistingstructuralsystemdeterminationmethodscannotsolvethisproblemwell.Becauseofthestructuralselection,thesafetyofthestructureshouldbeconsidered,andthestructuralsystemcanbequantitativelyoptimizedtoensurethatboththestrengthandstiffnessofthestructurearesatisfied.Anotherideaistheselectionofstructureductilitydesignofstructure,inthedesignstage,inadditiontoselectingtheappropriatearchitecture,butalsothroughthelayoutstructureoptimization,improvetheductilityofthestructure,toensurethatthestructureunderearthquake,achievethreelevelseismicdesign.Indeterminingthebuildingsize,number,columnaftersegmentation,usingreasonablestructuremodel,combinedwithsitecharacteristics,theforceanalysisofthestructure,thetrialrevisedseveraltimes,roughlythesizecanbesatisfiedwiththefinalselectionofstructureandmaincomponents.Therefore,weproposethatintheconceptualdesignstage,fromthearchitecturaldesigntothestructuraldesign,throughthereasonablecalculation,theuseofquantitativeresultsThreeDesignmethodofstructureandcomponentroughlydeterminethesizeofthedesignandconstructionofhigh-risebuildingpractice(Figure2),fromthestructureofthedivisionstructurebychoosingtheappropriatemodelandcalculationmethod,analysissoftwarecompiledforoverallschemedesignstagestructure,operationforarchitects.Thearchitectjustselectionandstructurerelatedinputattributes,canbeoutputtomeettherequirementsofinformationarchitectureandthemaincomponents,furtheraideddesignandguidanceofarchitects;structuralengineerscanusetheoutputofthelayout,structureandcomponentsizeinformation,asthebasicparametersofthestructureconstructiondrawingdesignstage,andthestructuredesignisnolongerinapassiveposition,toavoidrepeateddesignprocessandeffectivecontrolofconstructioncost.Figure2quantitativedesignoftheprogram2calculationmethodoflayerelementofhigh-risebuildingstructuresystemAlayercellmodelof2.1spatialstructureisproposedAsaprojectdesign,theattentionispaidtotheselectionofstructure,theregularityofthelayoutofthefacadeandtheneedtojudgethemechanicalpropertiesofthestructureasawhole.Inordertoanalyzemacroscopically,thestructurecanbesimplifiedintotheassemblybetweenlayers,andthestructureofcomplexshapecanbeobtainedbythecombinationofbasicunits(showninFigure3).Thefiniteelementanalysismodelofreinforcedconcreteisappliedtothespatialstructure.Atthesametime,basedonthestructureshapecombinationandthedeformationcharacteristicsofhigh-risebuilding,themodeloflayercellstructureisputforward,Finiteelementanalysisiscarriedoutoneachlayerofthestructureasaunit.Figure3combinationprocessofstructuralshapeOntheselayerelements,theshapefunctionandnodefreedomareselectedbythethree-dimensionalfiniteelementmethodaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthespacestructure.Considertheunitasacontinuum,whichtookabitofstructuraldisplacementdependsentirelyonthelayer'sdegreesoffreedom,namelytheinternalcomponentofanynodedisplacementcanbeobtainedbydisplacementmodelofnodedisplacementandlayerlayerunit.Byestablishingtherelationbetweencomponentandlayerelementnodefreedomconversionbetweenanymatrixcomponent(stiffnessmatrix,loadmatrix)canbeexpressedasthematrixlayerunitofdegreeoffreedom,matrixlayerunitobtainedbyallmembercontributions.Bythistransformation,theintegratedstructureofthetotalstiffnessmatrix,onlynodelayerunitfreedomanalysisoflayerunitcanbeusedfiniteelementanalysismethodingeneral,butalsothroughtheconversionbetweenthecomponentsofnodaldisplacementsandnodaldegreesoffreedomlayerunitvector,theoverallresults