高中英語(yǔ)新高考-名師指導(dǎo)與解讀：從命題角度看閱讀

高中英語(yǔ)新高考-名師指導(dǎo)與解讀：從命題角度看閱讀一篇文章出得好不好全在于命題人是否吃透了文章，下面是文章大意。Collegeforlifeandvirtualadvisersmaybekeyinhighereducation’sfuture為了生活上大學(xué)虛擬顧問(wèn)是高等教育未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵By

JeffreyJ.Selingo來(lái)源：華盛頓郵報(bào)2018-07-091Predictionsabouthighereducation’sfutureoftenresultintwoverydifferentvisionsaboutwhatisnextforcollegesanduniversities.Inonecamp:thosewhopaintarosypictureofaneconomythatwillcontinuetodemandhigherlevelsofeducationforanincreasingshareoftheworkforce.Intheother:thosewhobelievefewerpeoplewillenroll（入學(xué)）incollegeastuitioncostsgooutofcontrolandalternativestothetraditionaldegreeemerge.

2“Wearelivinginanageforlearning,whenthere’ssomuchknowledgeavailable,thatonewouldthinkthatthisisgoodnewsforhighereducation,”BryanAlexandertoldmerecently.AlexanderwritesoftenaboutthefutureofhighereducationandisfinishingabookonthesubjectforJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress.“Yetwe’veseenenrollmentinhighereducationdropforsixyears.”3Alexanderbelievesthatforsomecollegesanduniversitiestosurvive,theyneedtoshiftfromtheirhistoricalmissionofservingonetypeofstudent(usuallyateenagerfreshoutofhighschool)foraspecificperiodoftime.“We’regoingtoseemanydifferentwaysthroughhighereducationinthefuture,”Alexandersaid,“fromclosertiesbetweensecondaryandpostsecondary（中學(xué)后）schoolstonewoptionsforadults.Thequestionis,whichinstitutionsadoptnewmodelsandwhichtrydesperatelytohangontowhattheyhave.”4“Thefactisthattomaintainaffordability,accessibilityandexcellence,somethingneedstochange,”RafaelBras,GeorgiaTech’sprovost(院長(zhǎng))andexecutivevice(副的)presidentforacademicaffairs,toldmewhenheunveiledthereportattheMilkenInstituteGlobalConferencethispastspring.5Thecommission’sreportincludesmanyimpressiveideas,butthreepointtothepossibilityofaverydifferentfutureforcollegesanduniversities.

1)Collegeforlife,ratherthanjustfouryears.(3)TheprimaryrecommendationoftheGeorgiaTechreportisthattheuniversityturnsitselfintoaplaceforlifelonglearningthatallowsstudentsto“associateratherthanenroll.”

“Studentswhoweeducatenowareexpectedtohaveadozenoccupations,”Brassaid.“SoasystemthatreceivesstudentsonceintheirlivesandturnsthemoutwiththeGoodHousekeepingseal(印章)ofapprovaltobecomealums(校友)andcomebackonoccasionandgivemoneyisnottherightmodelforthefuture.”2)Anetworkofadvisersandcoachesforacareer.Ifeducationneverends,GeorgiaTechpredicts,neithershouldthecriticaladvisingfunctionthatcollegesprovidetostudents.Thecommissionoutlinesaplaninwhichartificialintelligenceandvirtualtutorshelpadvisestudentsaboutselectingcoursesandfindingthebestcareeroptions.Butevenforauniversityfocusedonscienceandtechnology,GeorgiaTechdoesn’tsuggestinitsreportthatcomputerswillreplacehumansforalladvising.

3)Adistributedpresencearoundtheworld.Collegesanduniversitiesoperatecampusesandrequirestudentstocometothem.Inthepastcoupleofdecades,onlineeducationhasgrowngreatly,butforthemostpart,highereducationisstillaboutface-to-faceinteractions.9GeorgiaTechimaginesafutureinwhichthetwoworldsareblendedinwhatitcallsthe“atrium”—aplacethatsharespacewithentrepreneursandbecomegatheringplacesforstudentsandalumni(校友).

10Insomeways,asthereportnoted,theatriumideaisanodtothepast,whenuniversitieshadagriculturalandengineeringexperimentstationswithservicesclosertowherepeopleinthestateneededthem.11WhetherGeorgiaTech’sideaswillbecomerealis,ofcourse,unclear.ButasAlexandertoldmeafterreadingit,“Thereisastrongemphasisonflexibilityandtransformationsotheycanmeetemergenttrends.”Thisisclear:collegesanduniversitiesareabouttoundergoaperiodofdeepchange—whethertheywanttoornot—astheneedsofstudentsandtheeconomyshift.Para.1:未來(lái)高等教育的兩種預(yù)測(cè)：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要更高層次的教育；學(xué)費(fèi)上漲、傳統(tǒng)學(xué)位被替代，上大學(xué)的人會(huì)更少。Para.2-3：BryanAlexander說(shuō)這是前所未有的學(xué)習(xí)好時(shí)代，但連續(xù)六年大學(xué)招收人數(shù)減少。他認(rèn)為一些大學(xué)為了生存，既要服務(wù)于高中生也要選擇招收成年學(xué)生。Para.4：RafaelBras院長(zhǎng)和分管學(xué)術(shù)的副院長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為為了保持學(xué)費(fèi)的可支付性、大學(xué)的卓越性和有大學(xué)可上，需要改變一些做法。Para.5-8：委員會(huì)的報(bào)告包括許多引人入勝的觀點(diǎn)，但其中三種指向迥然不同的大學(xué)未來(lái)的可能性：一、大學(xué)即生活，而不僅僅是大學(xué)四年的時(shí)光；二、職業(yè)生涯導(dǎo)師團(tuán)隊(duì)；三、大學(xué)分布在世界各地。Para.9-10：佐治亞理工大學(xué)設(shè)想未來(lái)的大學(xué)能融合面對(duì)面教學(xué)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)，在某些方面，“中庭”觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)的認(rèn)可。Para.11：雖然佐治亞理工大學(xué)的想法是否會(huì)具體化還不清楚，但靈活、轉(zhuǎn)變能滿(mǎn)足緊急需求。總之，不論是否愿意，大學(xué)即將進(jìn)入到深入改革時(shí)期。1Predictionsabouthighereducation’sfutureoftenresultintwoverydifferentvisionsaboutwhatisnextforcollegesanduniversities.Inonecamp:thosewhopaintarosypictureofaneconomythatwillcontinuetodemandhigherlevelsofeducationforanincreasingshareoftheworkforce.Intheother:thosewhobelievefewerpeoplewillenroll（入學(xué)）incollegeastuitioncostsgooutofcontrolandalternativestothetraditionaldegreeemerge.

第一題考查：獲取、理解事實(shí)性的具體信息。1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwocamps’opinionsaboutfuturecolleges?A.Futureworkforcewillhavehighlevelsofeducation.

B.Theexpensivetraditionaldegreeislosingitsappeal.

C.Traditionalhighereducationisnotpractical.

D.Decliningenrollmentincollegeresultsfromeasylearning.

首段的寫(xiě)作方式非常明顯。在比較處（comparison）應(yīng)該關(guān)注：二者的相同和不同；二者的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在哪一方。文章說(shuō)未來(lái)工作需要高層次的教育水平勞動(dòng)力，但不等于說(shuō)未來(lái)的勞動(dòng)力就會(huì)擁有高水平，這也是后面要解決的問(wèn)題，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，屬于過(guò)度延申；文中說(shuō)學(xué)費(fèi)高加上可替代傳統(tǒng)學(xué)歷的東西的出現(xiàn)使得很多人不愿意上大學(xué)，這就相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)學(xué)歷正在失去吸引力，故B項(xiàng)正確；C選項(xiàng)的notpractical文章沒(méi)有提到，或者說(shuō)是過(guò)度延申。D選項(xiàng)是對(duì)Wearelivinginanincredibleageforlearning,whenthere’ssomuchknowledgeavailable的曲解，在第二段，作者說(shuō)一方面知識(shí)很容易獲得，另一方面大學(xué)入學(xué)率減少，二者都是目前大學(xué)教育的事實(shí)的兩個(gè)方面，但作者并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明二者之間存在因果關(guān)系。我們讀文都是基于文章的客觀事實(shí)，推導(dǎo)作者的態(tài)度，而不是用我們讀者的態(tài)度去代替作者的態(tài)度。2“Wearelivinginanageforlearning,whenthere’ssomuchknowledgeavailable,thatonewouldthinkthatthisisgoodnewsforhighereducation,”BryanAlexandertoldmerecently.AlexanderwritesoftenaboutthefutureofhighereducationandisfinishingabookonthesubjectforJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress.“Yetwe’veseenenrollmentinhighereducationdropforsixyears.”3Alexanderbelievesthatforsomecollegesanduniversitiestosurvive,theyneedtoshiftfromtheirhistoricalmissionofservingonetypeofstudent(usuallyateenagerfreshoutofhighschool)foraspecificperiodoftime.“We’regoingtoseemanydifferentwaysthroughhighereducationinthefuture,”Alexandersaid,“fromclosertiesbetweensecondaryandpostsecondary（中學(xué)后）schoolstonewoptionsforadults.Thequestionis,whichinstitutionsadoptnewmodelsandwhichtrydesperatelytohangontowhattheyhave.”

第二題考查：獲取、理解事實(shí)性的具體信息。2.WhatshouldtraditionalcollegesdoaccordingtoAlexander?A.Theyshouldprovidenewoptionsforadultstoentercolleges.(receivepassthrough)B.Theshouldstrengthenthetiesbetweensecondaryandpostsecondaryschools.

C.Theyshouldabandonwhattheyhaveandchangetheirhistoricalmission.

D.Theyshouldoffermorefreedomtostudentsthroughouttheirlife.

從第二段開(kāi)始，作者就開(kāi)始引用Alexander的觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于引用觀點(diǎn)，基本都是圍繞：觀點(diǎn)證明什么；觀點(diǎn)的特別之處；觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式；觀點(diǎn)透露哪些鮮明的感情色彩。我們抓住這些關(guān)鍵句：Yetwe’veseenenrollmentinhighereducationdropforsixyears.（這是事實(shí)）shiftfromtheirhistoricalmissionofservingonetypeofstudentfrom…to…（這是觀點(diǎn)性的建議）manydifferentpathwaysthroughhighereducationinthefuture（這是觀點(diǎn)性的預(yù)測(cè)）adoptnewmodels（這是觀點(diǎn)性的判斷）分析事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)在命題中很重要，基本不好的題都是混淆了二者。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在enter，文章說(shuō)的是waysthroughhighereducation；B項(xiàng)是過(guò)去的途徑，本題也是往年D篇命題方式的借鑒；C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在abandon，絕對(duì)化了，文章說(shuō)shift（轉(zhuǎn)變），而不是放棄，這和前幾年的71題干擾相似，即：文：weshouldn’tblametechnologyforourshortcomings–》Technologycanneverbeblamed。D選項(xiàng)和本段的“newoptions,fromaspecificperiodoftime”相對(duì)應(yīng)，而且下文也有Collegeforlife,ratherthanjustfouryears可以印證。4“Thefactisthattomaintainaffordability,accessibilityandexcellence,somethingneedstochange,”RafaelBras,GeorgiaTech’sprovost(院長(zhǎng))andexecutivevice(副的)presidentforacademicaffairs,toldmewhenheunveiledthereportattheMilkenInstituteGlobalConferencethispastspring.5Thecommission’sreportincludesmanyimpressiveideas,butthreepointtothepossibilityofaverydifferentfutureforcollegesanduniversities.

1)Collegeforlife,ratherthanjustfouryears.(3)TheprimaryrecommendationoftheGeorgiaTechreportisthattheuniversityturnsitselfintoaplaceforlifelonglearningthatallowsstudentsto“associateratherthanenroll.”

“Studentswhoweeducatenowareexpectedtohaveadozenoccupations,”Brassaid.“SoasystemthatreceivesstudentsonceintheirlivesandturnsthemoutwiththeGoodHousekeepingseal(印章)ofapprovaltobecomealums(校友)andcomebackonoccasionandgivemoneyisnottherightmodelforthefuture.”

2)Anetworkofadvisersandcoachesforacareer.Ifeducationneverends,GeorgiaTechpredicts,neithershouldthecriticaladvisingfunctionthatcollegesprovidetostudents.Thecommissionoutlinesaplaninwhichartificialintelligenceandvirtualtutorshelpadvisestudentsaboutselectingcoursesandfindingthebestcareeroptions.Butevenforauniversityfocusedonscienceandtechnology,GeorgiaTechdoesn’tsuggestinitsreportthatcomputerswillreplacehumansforalladvising.

3)Adistributedpresencearoundtheworld.Collegesanduniversitiesoperatecampusesandrequirestudentstocometothem.Inthepastcoupleofdecades,onlineeducationhasgrowngreatly,butforthemostpart,highereducationisstillaboutface-to-faceinteractions.

第三題考查：根據(jù)文中事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理3.Whatcanweinferfromthecommission’sreport?A.Studentscanreturnforfurtherstudyormakedonationsfreelyaftergraduation.B.Artificialintelligenceandvirtualtutorswillperformbetterincareerguidance.

C.Itfocusesonhowtomakepeopleenjoygoodeducationwithoutstress.

D.Thereisnopointinrequiringstudentstobepresentatschool.本段提到了三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，肯定要命題，歷年江蘇考題都如此。只是命題角度很豐富，一般都是針對(duì)各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的特別之處在哪（近的2018年B篇和2017年D篇就是如此）。既然是報(bào)告，就要抓住核心：tomaintainaffordability,accessibilityandexcellence（這是說(shuō)報(bào)告目的）Soasystemthatreceivesstudentsonceintheirlives…andgivemoneyisnottherightmodelforthefuture.(這里的so可以看作是總結(jié)，而且總結(jié)里含有對(duì)比糾正以往錯(cuò)誤的意思，可以參考：2018年B篇第三題)Buteven…GeorgiaTechdoesn’tsuggestinitsreportthatcomputerswillreplacehumansforalladvising.（這里轉(zhuǎn)折實(shí)際上是作者的態(tài)度所在）Collegesanduniversitiesoperatecampusesandrequirestudentstocometothem.（這是過(guò)去的做法，作者主要是為了對(duì)比）筆者這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，題眼所在處基本有隱形或顯性的銜接詞。A選項(xiàng)的makedonations和原文的givemoneyisnottherightmodel相悖；B選項(xiàng)是借鑒2016年62題C項(xiàng)：Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses，文章沒(méi)有比較；C選項(xiàng)是Thefactisthattomaintainaffordability,accessibilityandexcellence的理解；D選項(xiàng)是對(duì)Collegesanduniversitiesoperatecampusesandrequirestudentstocometothem的曲解，作者用它作比較對(duì)象，但突出的不是它。本題命題手法類(lèi)似2017年D篇最后一題。9GeorgiaTechimaginesafutureinwhichthe

twoworlds

areblendedinwhatitcallsthe“atrium”—aplacethatsharespacewithentrepreneursandbecomegatheringplacesforstudentsandalumni(校友).

第四題考查：根據(jù)上下文提供的線(xiàn)索推測(cè)生詞的詞義。4.Theunderlinedwords“twoworlds”referto_______.A.BasiceducationandhighereducationB.entrepreneursandstudentsC.presenteducationandfutureeducationD.virtualeducationandrealclasses

出現(xiàn)指代詞的地方，可以考查：這個(gè)指代詞指代什么。這是比較普通的命題。如果再高一點(diǎn)，就是圍繞指代詞所在句子進(jìn)行整體命題，但解題核心還是要落在指代詞的理解上。本題不難。10Insomeways,asthereportnoted,theatriumideaisanodtothepast,whenuniversitieshadagriculturalandengineeringexperimentstationswithservicesclosertowherepeopleinthestateneededthem.11WhetherGeorgiaTech’sideaswillbecomerealis,ofcourse,unclear.ButasAlexandertoldmeafterreadingit,“Thereisastrongemphasisonflexibilityandtransformationsotheycanmeetemergenttrends.”Thisisclear:collegesanduniversitiesareabouttoundergoaperi