高一英語外研版必修二全部語法詳解

名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯釉~好多表示物品、身體部位或某類人的名詞能夠用作動詞，某些抽象名詞也可用作動詞。名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)變時，有時不改變意思，有時意思也相應(yīng)地變化，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中注意記憶總結(jié)。1名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)變時，

有時不改變意思，有時也相應(yīng)地變化。eyen.眼睛.（用眼睛看）說明，端量

shipn.

船，v.用船裝helpv.幫助

n.幫助

lovev.

愛n..愛picture

能畫，照片

v.用圖表示，描繪有些名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)變時會發(fā)生元音改變或詞尾變化blood----bleedsell----salesing----songadvise----advicebathe—bathbelieve----belief3Lookattheverbsinbold.Whatarethenounsoftheseverbs?1）WhenZhouKai'mothersawhimheadingtowardsthefrontdoorwithoutajacketon,shexiously.2）I'mnotoverweightsoIneverhavedietStep3Practice

eyed

himanCompletethesentencesusingthewordsasverbs.fingerhandhousemothertasteThisapartment________sixpeopleandadog.She_______thesilkgently.It________reallydelicious.Canyou_______methosepapers?2.CompletethefollowingsentencesDidyou___（預(yù)約）aseatonaplaneyesterday?Please____（遞）methebook.They___取名）theirdogBob.4.She____（護理；照料）heragedmothereveryday.一般未來時（Thefuturesimpletense）一般未來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)Zhoukai,you'llgetill.I'llbuyyouatoy.Mysister'sgoingtoseeyouoff.will和begoingto都能夠用來表達將要發(fā)生的事情，差別以下：（1）.純真談到未來的事情，沒有主觀要素，可用will.Itwillbecomewarmwhenspringcomes

春季至

U來，天氣將會變暖。Iwillbetwentynextmonth.

下個月我就

20歲了。⑵.表示說話人的推測，用

will.Shewillbeallrightaftertakingthemedicine.吃了這藥，她就會好的。Thatwillbeyourhouse.那是你的家吧。.表示一種偏向，用will.EachtimehecomestoBeijing,hewillvisittheGreatWall每次他到達北京，他都要旅行長城。Withoutwater,manwilldie.沒有水人會死。(4).表示說話時決定立刻要做的動作(多數(shù)是聽了對方的話后所做出的反響)，用will.A:MychesthurtswhenIbreathe我呼吸時，胸部痛苦。B:Liedownplease,andI'llexami請?zhí)上拢医o你檢查一下。.表示經(jīng)過預(yù)先考慮或安排后的意思,即打當作某事”用goingtodo.Myfriendisinhospitalnow,butheisgoingtocomeouttomorrow.我朋友此刻醫(yī)院，但是他明日就要出院了。Shehasborrowedsomebooksfromthelibrary.Sheisgoingtomakeacarefulstu她從圖書室借了一些書。她打算好好作番研究。⑹在口語中，表示將要發(fā)生的事情時，多用begoingto.What'sgoingtohappen將要發(fā)生什么事？Istheregoingtobeapartytomorrowevening?明日夜晚有聚會嗎？表示依據(jù)已有的、并被注意到的跡象將要發(fā)生的事情Theyaregoingtomissthetrain他們要趕不上火車了。(說話者注意到他們出發(fā)時已經(jīng)太晚了)(8).begoingto可用于表示未來時間的條件狀語從will卻不可以。dbet句如,果他打算p參加這個比賽，他最好做Ifheisgoingtoparticipateinthecompetition,he好Lookatthosedarkclouds;it'sgo看那些烏云，要下雨了。Ifwearegoingtostartearly,5o假如我們s計劃早出發(fā)，5點就能夠。.will可用于表表示向、拒絕等的條件狀語從句中。IfTomwon'tcome,wewilllosethega假如湯姆不肯意來，我們將輸?shù)暨@場比賽。Ifhewilldosomethinguseful,hewillsavetheboy.假如他愿意做些有利的事，他會就這個男孩的。Practice1.JimandLiLei_________(watch)thefootballmatchthisevening.2.Wearegoingtoplayping-pongonSaturday(改為一般疑問句并作否認回答)_________goingtoplayping-pongonSaturday—___________，we_________.我叔叔今夜要來。Myuncle______________________________.我們要議論這本書。We_______________________________thisbook.5.---DoyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?---Oh,no,Iforgot.I_____hernow.6.Lookatthedarkcloudsinthesky.Ithinkit____rain.Ifhe___beheadteacherofthisclass,Iwillnotgotothisclass.AisgoingtoBwillCwastoDshould----Writetomewhenyougethome9.That___beDr.Wang'sclinic.Let'sgoandhavealook.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isnotgoingtobeD.willnot.10.Myyoungerbrother___be15yearsoldnextyear.D.should11.Let'skeeptothepointorwea_ydecisions.12---You'veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave._______andturnitoff.A.I'llgoB.I'vegoneC.IgoD.I'mgoingIfhe____tocollege,he_____alotmore.A.willgo;willlearnB.willgo;isgoingtolearn---Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.---Nevermind,____postitmyselftonight.A.I'mgoingtoB.IprefertoC.I'llD.I'drather15.---Writetomewhenyougethome.語法項目不定式作狀語1）不定式作目的狀語：HebrokeintothehousetostealsomethingManydrugaddictsarenowintreatmentcentrestostoptakingdrugsHe'ssavinguptobuyanewcarHeusesacomputertosendemails2）有時在不定式前面加上inorderto或soasto否認式為inordernotto和soasnottoLet'shurrysoastogotoschoolintimeLet'shurrysoasnottobelateforschoolShestudiedveryhardinordertocatchupwithothersShestudiedveryhardinordernottolagbehind3）不定式表示目的時，往常它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，但假如不是的話，就要用for構(gòu)造表示邏輯主語，如：MomopenedthedoorforJaneandBettytocomeinWearenowusingtheseries“NewStandardEngiSents”ofoiakegreatprogress請注意以下構(gòu)造：Itissokindofyoutocomeandhelpus(這時，you既是tocomeandhelpus再如：It'srudeofhimtosayso.

又是

kind

的邏輯主語

)不定式還能夠作結(jié)果或原由狀語：表結(jié)果：WhathaveIdonetogetallthis?ShewentabroadnevertoreturnHewasso.lateastomisshalfofthelectureSheissuchagoodstudentastoberespectedbyallherclassmatesThehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeopleHeistooyoungtodothejob.表原由：ShewassurprisedtoseeusinthestreetofLondonHelaughedtohearthenewsTheoldladyrejoicedtolearnthathersonwasthechampionofthematch2.sothat和such(a,an)that指引的結(jié)果狀語從句sothat和such(a,an)that?都指引結(jié)果狀語從句，如：SomeofthembehavesobadlythatpeoplecallthepoliceItwassuchadangerousdrugthathenearlydiedItwassuchloudmusicthatwecouldn'thearourselvesspeakso的后邊跟形容詞或副詞：Thenightsceneofthelakewassobeautifulthatwedidn'twanttocomebackatallTheyplayedsohappilythattheyforgotthetime3)such(a,an)后邊跟名詞：TheyweresuchdangerousdrugdealersthatpeoplehadtoaskthepoliceforhelpItissuchaninterestingstorythatallofthemlikeit請注意本模塊語法項目1.4中議論的某些不定式作結(jié)果狀語的句子：HewassolateastomisshalfofthelectureSheissuchagoodstudentastoberespectedbyallherclassmatesThehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeopleHeistooyoungtodothejob.我們能夠把它們改變?yōu)榻Y(jié)果狀語從句：HewassolatethathemissedhalfofthelectureSheissuchagoodstudentthatsheisrespectedbyallherclassmatesThehouseissolargethatitcanholdtwohundredpeopleHeissoyoungthathecan'tdothejoba.Nowcompletethesentenceswithso,asaresultorasaresultof.1.Adamknewthattakingdrugswasbad,________hestopped.2.Hestoppedtakingdrugs_______meetingthedoctor.3.Adammetadoctorwhoexplainedtheproblem.__________hestoppedtakingcocaine.4.Crackcocaineisveryaddictive,________userscannoteasilystopusingit.5.Hewasextremelyill_________takingcrackcocaine.6.Hebecameaddictedtocrackcocaine,________hebecameveryill.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句主要用于說明主句動詞的時間，其種類頗多詳見以下概括。When指引的時間狀語從句，意為當...的時候”when的從句能夠用持續(xù)性動詞。HewasworkingatthetablewhenIwentin.當我進去的時候，她正在桌旁工作。IwaswatchingTVwhenhecame.他來的時候我正在看電視。注意：when也能夠作并列連詞，表示一個動作立刻或正在進行或剛達成的時候，忽然發(fā)生了另一件事。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.我正要走開，這是電話鈴響了。Wewereworkinginthechemistrylab,whenthelightswentout.我們正在化學(xué)實驗室工作，忽然燈熄滅了。Ihadjustgonetosleepwhentherewasaknockatthedoor..我剛?cè)朊呔陀腥诉甸T2.While指引的時間狀語從句，表示與同時，在時期”While的從句中常用持續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.當我們正在議論問題時，他們沖了進來。FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.當我正在玩電子游戲時，爸爸在沖洗汽車。注意：while還能夠表示對照意義，意為而；卻”比如：Janewasdressedinblue,whileMarywasdressedinred.珍妮衣著藍色的衣服，而瑪麗穿紅色的。As指引的時間狀語從句，作當?shù)臅r候，一邊一邊”跟著一”解，as的從句中可使用持續(xù)性動詞，也可使用非持續(xù)性動詞。比如：Hesangashewasworking他一邊工作一邊唱歌。Astimegoesby,wehaveabetterunderstandingofthingsaroundus.跟著時間的推移，我們對自己四周的事務(wù)有了更好的理解。4.Before和after指引的從句：前者一邊表示主句的動作發(fā)生早從句的動作以前；后者表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作以后。比如：Ididn'tknowanyEnglishbeforeItetdischool.我上學(xué)以前，一點英語都不懂Ihadcookedsupperbeforemyparentscameback我父親母親回來以前，我就做好了晚餐。Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetaga我們不久就能會面。Afterhecameout,helockedthedoor.他出來后，就鎖上

了門。Since和eversince指引的從句：表示自從.......以來”從句一般表示動作的起點，用過去時主句表示動作持續(xù)的狀況，一般用此刻達成時或此刻達成進行時。假如主句表示的是時間，主句可用一邊此刻時，也可用此刻達成時。此刻達成時（持續(xù)性動詞）since+??過去時（非持續(xù)性動詞）自從以來”此刻達成時（持續(xù)性動詞）since+??過去時

（持續(xù)性動詞）

自（持續(xù)性動詞結(jié)束以來

”Sineehecamehere,hehasmadealotoffrienc他來這里此后，已交了很多朋友。Hehasbeenworkinghereeversinceheleftuniversity.自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)此后，他就向來在這里工作。ShehaslivedalonesineeherhusbanddieIhavebeenwearingglassessinceIwasthreItistenyearssincehesmokec他戒煙十年了

自丈夫逝世后她就向來單獨生活。我.三歲此后向來戴眼鏡。語法二過去達成時過去達成時由助動詞had加過去分詞組成，主要表示在過去某時以前已發(fā)生的動作或狀況，也能夠說時過去時間的過去”。其被動形式為“had+been+p.p比如：Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedmorethan3,000Englishwords.到上個學(xué)期末為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000多個單詞了。注意：假如句中出現(xiàn)了表示過去的詳細時間狀語，句子的內(nèi)容可為過去的實質(zhì)狀況或句子中的內(nèi)容為歷史事及時，句中的動詞時態(tài)只好用一般過去時。比如：TheteachersaidthatitwasColumbuswhofirstdiscoveredtheAmericancontinent.在表示某人過去不曾達成的愿望，打算，計劃，想法，承諾”等等時，hope,mean,plan,want‘promise,intend等位于動詞一定用過去達成時。比如：Ihadplannedtoofferyousomehelpinyourshop,butsuddenlymymotherfellillyesterday.昨天我本來計劃在你的店里幫一些忙的，但是我媽媽忽然病了。HehadhopedtospendtheimportantdaywithuslastSunday,buthewastoobusythen.上禮拜他本來很想與我們一同度過這個重要的日子，但是他當時實在太忙了經(jīng)過議論以下例題復(fù)習(xí)時間狀語從句1）—Whendidheleavetheclassroom?—Heleft____youturnedbacktowriteontheblackboard.C.untilD.since2)—Haveyouknowneachotherforlong?—Notvery,________westartedtoworkintheABCMotorCompany.A.beforeB.sinceC.whenD.after3)Ididn'tmakegreatprogressinmyEnglishstudy_____myteacherhadgieesomeadviceonhowto

learntheIanguagewell.4).Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.ItC.before5)—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock___syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.D.sincehearrivedhome.

D.until2、經(jīng)過議論以下例題概括出because,as,since,fo的用法差別以及nowthat6)___You'vegotachanee,youmightasmakefulluseofit.

的用法。8)—DidyoureturnFred'scall?—Ididn'tneedto______I'llseehimtomorrow.9)_________youknowit,Iwon'trepeatit.D.Till10)—MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon,Mum?—No,youcan'tgooutyourworkisbeingdone.”because,as,since,fo概括：3、經(jīng)過用不一樣的句型翻譯該句，復(fù)習(xí)so/suchtha等指引的狀語從句。他是一個這樣可愛的男孩，以致于人人都特別喜愛他。典例評析：1._______everyoneelsewouldn'thqgmtountainarea,hewentwithoutasecondthought.—AreyoureadyforSpain?—Yes,Iwantthegirlstoexperieneethat_____theyareyoung穩(wěn)固分層練習(xí)：(一)必做題1)It'sgoingtorain,_____thecloudsaregathering.2)____thereareonlyfiveminutestogo,I______'lltalkabouttheprojectinshort.3)_________________________________I'dliketoarrive20minutesearlyIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasWeweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad____wereachedtherailwaystation.Thedoorkeepergavethealarm______hesawthesmoke.D.before（二）選做題1.____theInternetisofgreathelp.Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As2.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework_____myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.D.as3.Whydoyouwantanewjob__you'vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whenI.Bestchoice:1.Ithoughtshewasfamous,butnoneofmyfriendshave_____heardofher.A.evenB.everC.justD.never2.Theres'______Iwanttotellyou.A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.thesomethingnewD.thenewsomething3.Youknow____aboutitthanTomdoes.A.evenlittleB.evenlessC.morelittleD.moreless4.Theoldgentlemanhas____beentotheGreatWallbefore,hashe?5.Theyhaveproduced_______theydidlastyear.6.Theteacherwonderedwhy___manystudentshadmade_____carelessmistakes.A.so;soB.so;suchC.such;soD.such;such7.I'vegot______worktoodoa______coldday.A.muchtoo;muchtooB.toomuch;toomuchC.toomuch;muchtooD.muchtoo;toomuch8.---HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?---No,I'dliketo,________.A.too9.---Doyouoftengotothecinema?---No,______.I'vebeenwritinganovelthisyear.10.---Wheredidyouspendyourholidaylastyear?---Istayed______andthenreturnedhome.A.foroneweekinthecountrysidequietlyinthecountrysidequietlyforoneweekinthecountrysideforoneweekquietlyquietlyforoneweekinthecountryside---Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.---Youcanneverbecarefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too12.Weallwrite______,evenwhen'snotmuchtosaythereB.byandbyA.nowandthenC.stepbystepD.moreorless13.---______doyouvisityourgrandparents?---Onceamonth.A.HoelongB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howoften14.He______getsupveryearly,buttodayheisverylate.Itisquite______.A.usually;unusualB.usual;unusuallyC.unusual;usualD.usually;unusually15.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot____anativespeaker.A.asfluentB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythann.Completethesentencesusing““”or“”：loudly”,loudaloud1.Theteacheraskedhimtoreadthetext_______.2.Couldyouspeakalittle______?3.Thetwoboysarearguing_______.接不定式作賓語的動詞【速記口訣】贊同提出學(xué)會的打算，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準備決定遭拒絕，敢于想法有希望。未能做到莫假裝，選擇孤注一擲當自強。offer（提出），learn（學(xué)會），intend，plan（打算），demand,ask（要求），promise（答應(yīng)），help（幫忙），prepare準備），decide,determine決定），refuse拒絕），dare（敢于），manage想法），wish，hopewant，expect（希望，想要），fail，pretend（假裝），choose寧愿）接動名詞作賓語的動詞【速記口訣】建議停止享受--想象達成逃跑（suggest,advise,stop，resist,enjoy，imagine，finish，escape）認可借口--推延實踐admit，excusedelay，practice）以為應(yīng)當保持腦筋清醒--懂得防止冒險consider，keep,mind，understand,avoid，miss，risk）1）動名詞作主語時，表示一般的，抽象觀點；而動詞不定式作主語，表示詳細的特定情形下或有待于達成的動作。如：①Tofinishsuchalongnovelwilltakemeseveraldays（“tofinishsuchalongnove成的動作）②Swimmingisgoodforhealth，buttoswiminsuchapollutedriverisharmfultohealth

.

表示詳細的、還沒有完（“toswiminsuchapollutedriver

指特定情形下的動作

）（2）當it為形式主語時，二者常能夠互用。如：①It'Sficulttomaketheairclean.It'sdifficultmakingtheairclean3）necessaryimportant等詞后只用不定式。如：ItisnecessarytospendenoughtimeonEnglishifyouwanttolearnitwellItisimportanttokeepourclassroomclean（4）nouse,nogood,awasteoftime后常用動名詞。如：Itisnousecrying.ItisnogoodcheatingintheexamsItisawasteoftimereadingasillybooklikethis.Module3Music本模塊要點句型（必背句子）Havingworkedtherefor30years,HaydonmovedtoLondon,wherehewasverysuccessful.在那邊工作了30年后，海頓移居倫敦，在倫敦他特別成功。Movetoaplace遷居至某地Havingworked為此刻分詞的達成式作時間狀語，表示動作發(fā)生在主動詞以前。如：Havinglivedthereforyears,hegotusedtothelifethere.注意：此刻分詞的否認是在分詞前否認，如：Nothavingheardfromherparents,shedecidedtowriteagain.Verb+ing

稱為此刻分詞的一般式，也可作狀語，此刻分詞的一般式表示的時間觀點與主動詞同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時

發(fā)生。如：Walkingthroughthestreets,hecaughtsightofatailor

相當于

'Whshn/pW/hilehewaswalkingthroughthestreet

（動作與主動詞同時發(fā)生）Hearingthenews,hejumpedupwithjoy.

相當于

Assoonasheheardthenews

（動作與主動詞幾乎同時發(fā)生

）Bythetimehewas14,Mozarthadcomposedmanypiecesfortheharpsichord,pianoandviolin,aswellasfororchestras.莫扎特到14歲的時候，不單已經(jīng)譜寫了很多管弦樂曲，還譜寫了很多撥弦鍵琴曲、鋼琴曲和小提琴曲。Aswellas

不單，相當于

notonly,

女口：Heiscourageousaswellasstrong..

相當于

Heisnotonlystrongbutalsocourageous.Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.

相當于

Notonlytheproofreadersbutalsotheeditorsareworkingovertime.Bythetime在以前，到為止”指引的時間狀語從句。從句中假如用一般過去時，則主句用過去達成時；從句中假如用一般現(xiàn)在時，則主句用未來達成時Bythetimehewas14,hehadbuiltalabofhisown.Bythetimetheletterreachesyou,Iwillhaveleftthecountry.4.HaydnmetMozartin1781andwasveryimpressedwithhim.海頓在1781年與莫扎特相遇，并對他留下了深刻的印象。Beimpressedwith?對.....留下印象。也能夠用speech.Impress的其余用法：1)Impresssthupon/onsb或許impresssbwithsthMyfatherimpressedonmetheimportanceofwork.2)impresssthupon/onsth在某物上邊印上某物。如：

at女口：Iwasdeeplyimpressedby/with/athis使某人銘刻某事物。如：或許Myfatherimpressedmewiththeimportanceofwork.Heimpressedhisnameonthebox.5.HoweveritwasHaydnwhoencouragedBeethoventomovetoVienna.但是，是海頓鼓舞貝多芬移居維也納的。Itwaswho??”是重申句，該句重申了主語，正常的語序為“HaydnencouragedBeethoventomovetoVienna.重申句的基本句型：Itis/was+被重申部分+that(who)重申部分是人時也能夠用who。(1)ItwasyesterdaythatImetMaryattherailwaystation.(2)重申句的一般疑問句型Is/Was+it+所重申的成分+that/who/whom？WasityouthatmetMaryattherailwaystationyesterday?(3)重申句的特別疑問句型

重申句型用來重申謂語動詞之外的任何句子

成分。當被疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who/whom？WhomwasitthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday?Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivi?在重申notunti構(gòu)造時一定把not與until一同放到被重申的地點上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.注意重申句型與定語從句的差別例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday

重申句型定語從句)

)一單項選擇1.Itiswhatyoudoratherwhatyousay_______matters.Theway____theproblemsoundsreasonable.3.Over-heatingdevelopmentmighthaveabad______onthenationaleconomy.4.-Wouldyoulikeanotherpieceofbeancurd?-____________.It'sdelicious.A.NowayB.Really?C.It'smypleasureD.Yes,please5.Theheroofthestorywasanartistinhis________inShanghaiin_________.C.thirty's-1midDsD.thirties;themid-1930s6.Plasticbagsandboxes,___whitepollution,arebecomingadangertopeople

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severydayl7.Itwasaftertheinventionofprinting___topublishlargenumbersbooksandpictures.8.—Sineeyoulikethecarsomuch,whynotdriveitback?---Well,Ican't_____________thatbigacar.9.Wehadn'tbeenoutforIon_____shefeltsick.10.ThemistakesmadebytheChinesestudentsarequitedifferentfrom___madebytheJapanesestudentsinEnglishstudy.11.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplaying12.Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthemine,she_pale.D.appeared13.He'snotgotagood_____,buthesingswell.14.-DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?-No,nosooner____thanithappened.15.—IfyoulikeIcandosomeshoppi