2020年7月英語四級真題

大學英語四級考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2020年7月)試題冊敬告考生一、在答題前，請認真完成以下內容:1.請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質量，如有問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確認無誤后完成以下兩點要求。2.請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內，并將姓名和準考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應位置。3.請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準考證號、姓名和學校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對應準考證號的信息點涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請在規(guī)定時間內在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導致無法評卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機。全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Watchtheweatherforecast.C)AvoidtravelonWednesday.B)Evacuatetheareawiththeorangealert.D)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.2.A)Paymoreattentiontotheroads.C)Bringmoremobilephones.B)Stayatasaferplace.D)Takeatrainhome.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)ThereisonlyoneecosysteminEurope.B)Romania’swetlandsthriveagain.C)ThewildlifeinRomaniaisn’twellprotected.D)Thereare200speciesofbirdsinRomania’swetlands.4.A)Blockthewaterways.C)Usemonitoringequipment.B)Restorethefishingban.D)Prohibitfishinginthenext10years.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hehadacaraccident.B)Heattendedhisgraduationceremony.C)Hehadaheartattack.D)Hegaveaperformanceintheauditorium.6.A)Whathappenedtohim.C)Whenthegraduationceremonywas.B)Whatdateitwas.D)Wherehewas.7.A)Hewasreallytouchedbyhisclassmates.B)Hedidn’tknowwhathappenedatall.C)Hecouldn’trememberwhattosay.D)Hisparentsworecapsandgowns.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Herchildren’sdisruption.C)Asenseofisolation.B)Quietatmosphere.D)Longerworkinghours.9.A)Itdoesn’toffercoffee.C)Itdoesn’thavefreeWi-Fi.B)It’stooquiet.D)Itlacksthematerialsheneeds.10.A)Thesenseofbeingoutintheworld.C)Thecoffeetable.B)Thecoffeeitprovides.D)Thecomfortableworkingcondition.11.A)Peopledon’torderanything.B)Peoplebringtheirlaptopsandpaperwork.C)Peopleoccupyvaluabletablespaceinquiettimes.D)Peopleoftwooccupyatableforsix.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheisnotsatisfiedwiththesalary.B)Sheisnotcapableofthejob.C)Sheoftenworksovertime.D)She’sreceivedajobofferfromanothercompany.13.A)Theymaybeconsideredaslessroyal.B)Theywon’tgetthepromotionopportunities.D)Theywillbegivenhiringpriority.14.A)Shemighthavetodoextraworkeveryday.B)Shemightnotgetapayrise.C)Shemightnotgetenoughvacation.D)Shemightnotgainmoreexperience.15.A)Experience.B)Confidence.C)Fortune.D)Opportunity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)It’sahorriblefeeling.C)It’sboringanddangerous.B)Itcanbeablessing.D)It’sthemostcomfortablestate.17.A)Tobeactive.C)Totravelabroad.B)Tomeetupwithyourfriends.D)Toseekadvicefromothers.18.A)Itprovidesachanceforpeopletothinkdeeply.B)Itmakesustreasurethetime.C)Itenablesonetoidentifytruefriends.D)Ithelpsustakecareofproblemsmoreefficiently.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heisaharshperson.C)Heisverydemandinginhiswork.B)Heismeantoothers.D)Heusuallyworksverylate.20.A)Hemovedoutanddivorced.B)Hewasplaguedbydrugsandgangviolence.C)Helivedtherefor20years.D)Hisparentswouldmoveintohisnewhouse.21.A)Hewasonlyresponsibleforunloadingfood.B)Hehadtosignhisnameoneverylabel.C)Itwasahardandtediousjob.D)HewasrequiredtoworkatFridaynight.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)ByrecordingthetimepeoplespendonTV.B)Bytrackingpeople’slivinghabits.C)Byusingmemoryandfluencytests.D)Byscanningpeople’sbrains.23.A)Watchingtelevisionforhours.C)Readingbooksandmagazines.B)Playingvideogames.D)SurfingtheInternet.24.A)TelevisionviewingmaybeapotentialfactorforAlzheimer’sdisease.Alzheimer’spatientstendtowatchtelevisionmorethan3hoursaday.C)Someresearchhasconfirmedthelinkbetweenthem.D)TelevisionwatchingisbeneficialtoAlzheimer’spatients.25.A)Watchtelevisionnomorethan3hourseachday.B)Balancetelevisionviewingwithothercontrastingactivities.C)WatchsomeeducationalTVprograms.D)Takemorephysicalexercise.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Scienceandeverydaylifecannotandshouldnotbeseparated.”ThosewerethewordsutteredbypioneeringBritishscientistRosalindFranklin,whofirmlybelievedthatthepursuitofscienceshouldbe___26___toall.Asawomanworkinginthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,Franklin’scontributionstosomeofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesofourtimeincludingthestructureofDNAweresadly___27___inherlifetime.Morethan60yearsafterFranklin’sdeath,weare___28___livinginadifferentworld,wherewomenplayanimportantpartineveryechelon(階層)ofoursociety—notleastinscience,innovation,highereducationandresearch.UKuniversitiesareworldleaderswhenitcomestoadvancingand___29___genderequality.Inthepastdecade,wehaveseena___30___increaseinEnglandinthenumberofwomenacceptedontofull-timeundergraduatedegreesinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(Stemsubjects).Andinthelastacademicyear,women___31___formorethanhalfofallStempostgraduatesatUKuniversities.Datashowsusthe___32___tosuccessgetsharderforwomentoclimbthefurtheruptheygo.Althoughwomenmakeupthemajorityofundergraduatesinouruniversities,justunderhalfofacademicstaffarefemale.At___33___levels,onlyaquarterofprofessorsarewomen,andblackwomenmakeuplessthan2%ofallfemaleacademicstaff.Therearealsostarkdifferencesinpayacrossgrades.Thegenderpaygapbasedonmediansalariesacrossthesectorin2016-2017was13.7%,___34___thereisstillsomewaytogotoensurewomenarerisingthroughtherankstohighergradepositionsandbeingpaid___35___.A)accessibleI)nominationB)accountedJ)overlookedC)adaptationK)promotingD)appropriatelyL)seniorE)considerableM)submissionF)effectiveN)suggestingG)ladderO)thankfullyH)misreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtoEatWellWhydosomanyAmericanseattonsofprocessedfood,thestuffthatiscorrectlycalledjunk(垃圾)andshouldreallycarrywarninglabels?It’snotbecausefreshingredientsarehardtocomeby.Supermarketsoffermorevarietythanever,andthereareoverfourtimesasmanyfarmersmarketsintheUSastherewere20yearsago.Norisitforlackofavailableinformation.Thereareplentyofrecipes(食譜),how-tovideosandcookingclassesavailabletoanyonewhohasacomputer,smartphoneortelevision.Ifanything,theinformationisoverwhelming.Andyetwearen’tcooking.IfyoueatthreemealsadayandbehavelikemostAmericans,youprobablygetatleastathirdofyourdailycalories(卡路里)outsidethehome.Nearlytwo-thirdsofusgrabfastfoodonceaweek,andwegetalmost25%ofourdailycaloriesfromsnacks.Sowe’reeatingoutortakingin,andwedon’tsitdown—orwedo,butwehurry.Shouldn’tpreparing—andconsuming—foodbeasourceofcomfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation,sociability?Somethingthatconnectsustootherhumans?Whywouldwewanttooutsource（外包）thisbasictask,especiallywhenoutsourcingitissoharmful?WhenItalkaboutcooking,I’mnottalkingaboutcreatingelaboratedinnerpartiesorthree-dayscienceprojects.I’mtalkingaboutsimple,easy,everydaymeals.Mymissionistoencouragegreenhandsandthoselackingtimeormemorytofeedthemselves.Thatmeansweneedmodest,realisticexpectations,andweneedtoteachpeopletocookfoodthat’sgoodenoughtosharewithfamilyandfriends.Perhapsareturntorealcookingneedn’tbefaroff.ArecentHarrispollrevealedthat79%ofAmericanssaytheyenjoycookingand30%“l(fā)oveit”;14%admittonotenjoyingkitchenworkandjust7%won’tgonearthestoveatall.Butthisdoesn’tnecessarilytranslatetorealcooking,andtheresultofthissurveyshouldn’tsurpriseanyone:52%ofthose65oroldercookathomefiveormoretimesperweek;onlyathirdofyoungpeopledo.Backinthe1950smostofusgrewupinhouseholdswhereMomcookedvirtuallyeverynight.Theintentiontoputahome-cookedmealonthetablewasprettymuchuniversal.Mostpeoplecouldn’taffordtodootherwise.Althoughfrozendinnerswereinventedinthe’40s,theirpopularitydidn’tboomuntiltelevisionsbecamepopularadecadeorsolater.Sincethen,packaged,pre-preparedmealshavebeenwhat’sfordinner.Themicrowaveandfast-foodchainswerethebiggestcatalysts（催化劑）,butthebigfoodcompanies—whichwanttosellanythingexcepttherawingredientsthatgointocooking—madethehomecookanendangeredspecies.Still,Ifinditstrangethatonlyathirdofyoungpeoplereportpreparingmealsathomeregularly.Isn’tthisthesamecrowdthatrailsagainstprocessedjunkandchampionscraftcooking?Andisn’tthisthegenerationwhosaythey’reconcernedabouttheirhealthandthewell-beingoftheplanet?Ifthesearetrulythevaluesofmanyyoungpeople,thentheirbehaviordoesn’tmatchtheirbeliefs.Therehavebeenhalf-heartedbutwell-publicizedeffortsbysomecompaniestoreducecaloriesintheirprocessedfoods,buttheStandardAmericanDietisstillthepolaroppositeofthehealthy,mostlyplant-baseddietthatjustabouteveryexpertsaysweshouldbeeating.Consideringthatthegovernment’sstandardsarenotnearlyambitiousenough,thepictureisclear:bynotcookingathome,we’renoteatingtherightthings,andtheconsequencesarehardtooverstate.Tohelpquantify(量化)thecostsofapoordiet,Irecentlytriedtoestimatethisimpactintermsofamostfamousfood,theburger（漢堡包）.Iconcludedthattheprofitfromburgersismorethanoffsetbythedamagetheycauseinhealthproblemsandenvironmentalharm.Cookingrealfoodisthebestdefense—nottomentionthatanymealyou’relikelytoeatathomecontainsabout200fewercaloriesthanoneyouwouldeatinarestaurant.TothoseAmericansforwhommoneyisaconcern,myadviceissimple:Buywhatyoucanafford,andcookityourself.Thecommonprescriptionistoprimarilyshopthegrocerystore,sincethat’swherefreshproduce,meatandseafood,anddairyare.Andtosavemoneyandstilleatwellyoudon’tneedlocal,organicingredients;allyouneedisrealfood.I’mnotsayinglocalfoodisn’tbetter;itis.Butthereisplentyofdecentfoodinthegrocerystores.Theothersectionsyoushouldgettoknowarethefrozenfoodsandthecannedgoods.Frozenproduceisstillproduce;cannedtomatoesarestilltomatoes.Justmakesureyou’regettingrealfoodwithouttonsofaddedsaltorsugar.Askyourself,wouldGrandmaconsiderthisfood?Doesitlooklikesomethingmightoccurinnature?It’sprettymuchcommonsense:youwanttobuyfood,notunidentifiablefoodlikeobjects.Youdon’thavetohitthegrocerystoredaily,nordoyouneedanabundanceofskill.SincefewerthanhalfofAmericanssaytheycookatanintermediatelevelandonly20%describetheircookingskillsasadvancedthecrisisisoneofconfidence.Andtheonlyremedyforthatispractice.There’snothingmysteriousaboutcookingtheeveningmeal.Youjusthavetodoalittlethinkingaheadandredefinewhatqualifiesasdinner.Likeanyskill,cookinggetseasierasyoudoitmore:everytimeyoucook,youadvanceyourlevelofskills.Somedayyouwon’tevenneedrecipes.Myadviceisthatyounotpayattentiontothenumberofstepsandingredients,becausetheycanbedeceiving.Time,Irealize,isthebiggestobstacletocookingformostpeople.Youmustadjustyourprioritiestofindtimetocook.Forinstance,youcanmoveaTVtothekitchenandwatchyourfavoriteshowswhileyou’restandingatthesink.Nooneisaskingyoutogiveupactivitiesyoulike,butifyou’rewatchingfoodshowsonTV,trycookinginstead.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthemtoconnectwithoneanother.AbundantinformationaboutcookingisavailableeitheronlineoronTV.Youngpeopledolesscookingathomethantheelderlythesedays.Cookingskillscanbeimprovedwithpractice.Inthemid-20thcentury,mostfamiliesatedinnerathomeinsteadofeatingout.Eventhoseshortoftimeormoneyshouldbeencouragedtocookforthemselvesandtheirfamily.Eatingfoodnotcookedbyourselvescancauseseriousconsequences.Toeatwellandstillsavemoney,peopleshouldbuyfreshfoodandcookitthemselves.Wegetafairlylargeportionofcaloriesfromfastfoodandsnacks.ThepopularityofTVledtothepopularityoffrozenfood.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshoppingwhereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturnnowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters,likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilk,fromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstoresVictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstanceyoudon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregister,whenyoudecidetopay.Thestaffareequippedwithipadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacrosssociety,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI'mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn’titabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink（眨眼）ofaneye?Doesn’tawallet—thattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters?ButI’llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet—thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets—istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableasapebble（鵝卵石）.Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocorners,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.46.Whatishappeningtothewallet?A)Itisdisappearing.C)Itisbecomingcostly.B)Itisbeingfattened.D)Itischanginginstyle.47.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodernstores?A)Individually.C)Intheabstract.B)Electronically.D)Viacashregister.48.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?A)Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B)ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.C)Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.D)Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.49.Whydoestheauthorchoosetowriteaboutwhat’shappeningtothewallet?A)Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld.B)Ithassomethingtodowitheverybody’slife.C)Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition.D)Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists.50.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A)Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B)Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.D)Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’slateintheevening:timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinues—inyourdreams.Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandthefragmented,oftenbizarreimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedisassociatedwithimprovedperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularnotionthatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,researchersarecomingtorecognizethatdreamingisanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn.Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural（神經的）virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreplaycanbeseeninavideoresearchersmaderecentlyaboutsleepdisorders.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestoagroupofpatientswithconditionslikesleepwalking,inwhichthesleeperengagesinthekindphysicalmovementthatdoesnotnormallyoccurduringsleep.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept,Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,onefemalepatientonthetapeperformsthedancemovesshelearnedearlier.Thisshowsthatwhileourbodiesareatrest,ourbrainsaredrawingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatdataintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow.Ina2010study,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermaze（迷宮）tasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytofindtheirwaythroughthemazecomparedwithparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.RobertStickgold,oneoftheHarvardresearchers,suggeststhatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.Thinkaboutthatasyourheadhitsthepillowtonight.51.Whatisscientists’findingaboutdreaming?A)Itinvolvesdisconnectedweirdimages.B)Itresemblesfragmentsofsciencefiction.C)Dreamingaboutalearnedtaskbettersitsperformance.D)Dreamingaboutthingsbeinglearneddisturbsone’ssleep.52.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?A)Thebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.B)Theneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.C)Thebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.D)Thebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.53.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?A)Itsystematizesallthedatacollectedduringtheday.B)Itsubstitutesoldinformationwithnewdata.C)Itprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquireddata.D)Itclassifiedinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.54.WhatdoesRobertStickgoldsuggestaboutenhancinglearning?A)Havingalittlesleepafterstudyingintheday.B)Stayinguplatebeforegoingtobed.C)Havingadreamaboutanything.D)Thinkingabouttheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.55.Whatcanbeinferredaboutdreamingfromthepassage?A)Wemayenha