定語從句講義

④Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.六．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時(shí)可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定語從句

形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。

譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定語從句舉例：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.

老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.

中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。

In

the

street

I

saw

a

man

who

was

from

Africa.

在街上我看到一個(gè)來自非洲的人。

非限制性定語從句舉例

：

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴(yán)格。

China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

中國是1949年成立的，

現(xiàn)在正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。

Last

summer

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。

七．As和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的辨析關(guān)系。關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能位于句首。As語義“正如”▲Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.▲Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.▲Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.八．關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞一致?！鳺hoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.▲Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.九．定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一個(gè)句子為定語從句，where指代theplace，在定語從句中作狀語，第二個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)intheplace,that沒有意義，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。Whereisitthathef