人教版八年級下冊英語第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

人教版八年級下冊英語第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit2V11helptocleanupthecityparks.一、重點(diǎn)短語1.Clean-UpDay清潔日2.anoldpeople"shome養(yǎng)老院3.helpoutwithsth.幫助解決困難4.usedto曾經(jīng)過去5.carefor關(guān)心;照顧6.thelookofjoy快樂的表情7.attheageof在歲時(shí)8.cleanup打掃（或清除）干凈9.cheerup（使）變得更高興10.giveout分發(fā);散發(fā)11.comeupwith想出;提出12.makeaplan制訂計(jì)劃13.makesomenotices做些公告牌14.tryout試用；試行15.workfor為工作;為效力16.putup建造;舉起；張貼17.handout分發(fā)；散發(fā)；發(fā)給18.callup打電話；召集19.putoff推遲;延遲20.forexample比如；例如21.raisemoney籌錢；募捐22.takeafter與相像；像23.giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)24.fixup修理;修補(bǔ);解決25.besimilarto與相似26.setup建立27.disabledpeople殘疾人28.makeadifference影響；有作用29.after-schoolreadingprogram課外閱讀項(xiàng)目30.beableto能夠二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析1.hopetodosth.希望做某事，含hopetodosth.的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句。eg:Ihopetopasstheexam.=1hopethatIcanpasstheexam.agreetodosth.同意做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事refusetodosth.拒絕做某事remembertodosth.記得做某事forgettodosth.忘記做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事2.“動(dòng)詞+up”的短語結(jié)：cleanup打掃干凈cutup切碎growup長大setup熬夜setup建立，設(shè)立stayup熬夜wakeup醒來，叫醒takeup占用giveup放棄useup用完cheerup使振作起來，使高興起來（代詞必須放中間）putup搭建，張貼endup最終成為，最后處于makeup組成，例題：ManyvolunteerswillhelptothecityparksnextparksnextFriday.A.giveupB.pickupC.cleanupgiveout：發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth用完，耗盡Wehadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout.公布，發(fā)表Thenewsoftheeventwasgivenoutovertheradio.give的短語：giveaway捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)給giveup放棄giveoff發(fā)出，放出givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb,給某人某物givein讓步，屈服giveback歸還putoffdoingsth.推遲做某事e.g.:Wecan,tputoffmakingaplan.常見的put短語：puton穿上，戴上putout熄滅，撲滅putup搭起，升起，張貼putupwith容忍putaway收起來例題：Theyheardthepartywasbecauseoftheeupwith提出，想出（答案，計(jì)劃等）例題：Hemanyideastosolvetheseproblemalready.usedto變否定句或疑問句時(shí)常借助助動(dòng)詞did.肯定句主語+usedto+動(dòng)詞原形…否定句主語+didn'tuseto+動(dòng)詞原形…一般疑問句肯定答語Yes,主語+did.否定答語No,主語+didn’t.care的派生詞：careful小心的carefully小心地careless粗心的carelessly粗心地care的短語：carefor照顧，喜歡careabout關(guān)心，在意takecare小心takecareof照顧，照料9.such+a/an+形容詞+名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞“如此”注意：當(dāng)名詞前有many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，要用so,而不用such.例題：Wehadawfulweatherwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.suchan,that-ing是名詞后綴。reading閱讀writing寫作spelling拼寫swimming游泳skating滑冰fishing釣魚smoking抽煙besatisfied/pleasedwith 對滿意satisfactionn.滿意,滿足常見的“take+介詞/副詞”短語:takedown寫下，拆除takeoff起飛，脫掉takeout取出，掏出takein吸收takeover接管takeaway帶走takeup占用takeback收回例題：Imyfather,swetshoesandwashedhisfeet.A.tookoutB.tookoffC.tookplace13常見的“動(dòng)詞+away”的短語：throwaway扔掉，丟棄runaway逃跑getaway逃離passaway逝世keepaway離開，使不接近takeaway帶走goaway離開putaway收起來giveaway捐贈(zèng)stayaway遠(yuǎn)離例題： Whatareyoudoing,Mum?1'msomeoldthingsforayardsale.A.givingawayB.hurryingupC.cleaningoutD.walkinginto14.besimilarto和相似/類似e.g.:Hisdressissimilartomineincolor.15.?？嫉牟煌瑫r(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)was/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing+done一般將來時(shí)willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+done例題：ThesemodelcarsinChinain2013.A.aremadeB.weremadeC.makeD.mademakeit+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.使某人做某事findit+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)怎么樣beexcitedabout因???而興奮不已e.g.:Wewereexcitedaboutthegoodnews.同根詞：excitev.使激動(dòng)，使興奮excitementn.激動(dòng)，興奮excitedadj.激動(dòng)的，興奮的(常用來修飾人)excitingadj.令人激動(dòng)的，興奮的(常用來修飾事或物)例題：Theyareaboutthenews.A.excited,excitedB.exciting,excitingC.exciting,excitedD.excited,exciting18.could的用法：表建議，語氣較委婉“可以"e.g.:Youcouldhelptocleanthepark.can的過去式,表示過去具備的能力。e.g.:Shecouldn,tdressherselfuntilfive.19.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法①動(dòng)詞不定式的語法功能作主語TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.=ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.作表語Myjobistolookafterpatients.作賓語Wewanttogoswimming.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Sheinvitedmetogototheconcert作定語Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.作狀語 Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.例題：Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecarashortrest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had②“特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以用在疑問詞what,how,when,where,which等之后，作主語，賓語,表語。e.g.:Howtogetthereisaproblem.（作主語）Idon'tknowwhattosay.（作賓語）ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.（作表語）例題： It'simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyB.whichtostudyD.whattostudy③含動(dòng)詞不定式的常用搭配有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語plan,hope,agree,decide等。e.g.:Weplantogoclimbing.Myfatheragreedtotakeustothemuseum.Theydecidetojointheswimmingclub.有些動(dòng)詞后要跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事asksb.todosth.請求某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事例題：Weadviseparentstheirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.leavingB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave20.repair,mend,fix區(qū)別repair意為“修理”，修理的對象著重于破損，毀壞或發(fā)生故障不能正常使用的物體。e.g.:WhenIgothome,mybrotherwasrepairinghisradio.mend意為“修理”，修理的對象是一些瑣碎的物品。如粘貼的小用具，玩具。e.g.：Mykiteisbroken.Canyoumendit?fix意為“修理”，強(qiáng)調(diào)校準(zhǔn)，校正。e.g.:He'soutsidefixingthebrakesinthecar.2Lalone,lonely區(qū)別alone可以作形容詞，副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)自一人，沒有同伴。作形容詞時(shí)，在句中多用作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，不能作定語。lonely只能作形容詞，意為“孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”帶有一定的感情色彩Iwasalone,butIdidnotfeellonely.例題：Shelivesinasmallvillage,butshedidn'tfeel.A.lonely,lonelyB.alone,lonelyC.lonely,alone22.open,close