Unit1Discoverusefulstructures課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

RevisionQ1.InPara.2,whatwerethetwocontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Q1.InPara.2,whatwerethecontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomanandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.ThetruthwasthatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Revision1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfood

andwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.Explore:Observeandfind—SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbPredictiveclause(表語(yǔ)從句）Predictiveclause(表語(yǔ)從句）Predictiveclause(表語(yǔ)從句）Predictiveclause(表語(yǔ)從句）PCthat,whether,how,where,what,asif...ThebasicformofPredicativeClause:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]be,seem,appear,look,sound...Whatisthesentencestructure?that,whether,how,where,what...PredicativeClausesareoftenused:1.todirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetail.2.functionasaComplement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))totheSubject.

Unit1ScienceandScientists

Linking-v系動(dòng)詞Contents1Subordinatingconjunction引導(dǎo)詞23PracticeandApply練習(xí)與運(yùn)用4Attention注意事項(xiàng)系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)1.感官類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)be動(dòng)詞3.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞保持類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞（keep,remain,stay）似乎類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞（

seem,appear

）證明類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞（prove,turnout)系動(dòng)詞后的成分為表語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語(yǔ)從句。（am,is,are,was,were)，意為“是”1Linking-v系動(dòng)詞證明是......結(jié)果是......2Subordinatingconjunction引導(dǎo)詞that（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分）whether（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“是否”,表語(yǔ)從句中不能使用“if”）

asif（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“好像”）表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整表語(yǔ)從句中SVO成分完整because（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“因?yàn)椤保┍碚Z(yǔ)從句中SP成分完整1）連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)成分that

____意義，在表語(yǔ)從句中______成分,起______作用，________省略。無(wú)不充當(dāng)連接不能連接詞whether起_____作用，意為“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if

______引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)。連接是否、究竟、到底不能似乎，好像because意為“______”引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，注意與why的區(qū)別。因?yàn)?.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscience

is

______

makesmeimmenselysatisfied.

6.Thatis_______manyexpertsareworryingabout.

7.TherearedozensofbooksaboutZoologyinlibrary.However,whatreallymakeshimconfused

is_______isthemostsuitableoneforhisresearchpaper.what（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，意為“...的事情”）which（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),意為“哪一（本）...”）2）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)

what（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，意為“...的事情”）表語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)8.Theproblem

is__________couldfindoutacureforthedisease.9.WhatIhavenotdecided

is________Iamgoingtovisit.10.Bothmyparentshavegivenmesomeadviceonhowtosavemoney.Butthequestion

is

______adviceIshouldtake.

whose（在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，意為“誰(shuí)的...”）表語(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)whom（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),意為“誰(shuí)”）表語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)who（在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),意為“誰(shuí)”）2）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)成分主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose

除在句子中起______作用外，還可在從句中作_____、_____、_____或______，且各有詞義。連接主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)2選詞填空(what/that)①M(fèi)yhometownisnolonger_____itusedtobe.②Thisis_____Ishouldhavedonefirstofall.③Whatsurprisedmemostwas_____thethingirlshouldhavewonthreegoldmedals.④AllIknowis_____Ireadinthepapers.⑤Theamazingthingaboutthespringis_____thecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotterthespring!what

whatthatwhatthat

howwhere

when表語(yǔ)從句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因狀語(yǔ)：“為什么...”3）連接副詞：在從句中充當(dāng)方式、地點(diǎn)、原因、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整，缺少方式狀語(yǔ)：“如何”表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整,缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：“...的時(shí)候”why表語(yǔ)從句中SV成分完整，缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：“...的地方”連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起______作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)_______、______、______或______狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。連接時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式原因1選詞填空(why/how/where)①Thisis______Marymetherhusbandforthefirsttime.②Thisis____weputoffthemeeting.③Thisis____we'vedealtwiththeeconomiccrisis.wherewhyhow1.Thereason

whyheislateforschoolis________hemissedthebus.2.Whywedecidedtoputoffthefootballmatchis

________theweatherwastoobad.3Attention1:

引導(dǎo)詞that,because,why的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是_____________或why引導(dǎo)的__________時(shí)常用______來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而不用because。thereason主語(yǔ)從句thatthatthat1.Ithinkthat’s

_____hewassoangry.2.Ithinkitis________

youaredoingtoomuch.3.Thereason______hewassolateis_____itwasraininghard.whybecausewhythatthat/this/it+is/was+why+________(原因/結(jié)果)

表示“_________________________”that/this/it

+is/was+because+_______(原因/結(jié)果)

表示“________________________”thereasonwhy…isthat…中why是引導(dǎo)_________，that引導(dǎo)的是_________，表示“___________________”。這/那就是……的原因原因這/那就是因?yàn)椤Y(jié)果定語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句……的原因是……3補(bǔ)全句子①Davidwasinjuredinthetraining._____________hedidn'ttakepartintheOlympicGames.大衛(wèi)在訓(xùn)練中受傷了，那就是他沒(méi)有參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的原因。②Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight._________________hehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)去看電影。那是因?yàn)樗脦退拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。③Thereason____hewasabsentfromthemeeting____________________．他缺席會(huì)議的原因是他病了。Thatwaswhy

Thatwasbecausewhywasthathewasill3Attention2:

表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Myproposalisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Myadviceisthatwe(should)gettherebytrain.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)goandhelphim.1)主語(yǔ)是表示___________________等的名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略建議、命令、要求Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Itsoundedasifthenightwouldneverend.2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)氣：若表示真實(shí)情況，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

若表示非真實(shí)情況，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）若跟過(guò)去事實(shí)不符：haddone若跟將來(lái)事實(shí)不符：would/could+動(dòng)詞原形4單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)feltasifmyhead_____

(be)splitting.②Itlooksasifshe___

(be)reallyill.were

isSummary：1.表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞

+簡(jiǎn)單句2.引導(dǎo)詞

從屬連詞:that,whether,as,asif/though,because連接代詞:who,what,which,whom,whose,...+ever連接副詞:when,where,how,why3.注意點(diǎn):3）if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。4）表語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1）語(yǔ)序:連主謂。2）主語(yǔ)為reason時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that表語(yǔ)從句thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaysthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedmorethan500peoplediedintendaysallthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms4PracticeandApply練習(xí)與運(yùn)用A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas__________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas_________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherwhatasifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________A：“initialstage”(logicalconnector)C：“decidingwhattheorytodependupon”-“Decidingonatheory”(lexicalconnectors)B：“couldn'tpersuadeoneanother”-“this”(grammaticalconnector)E：“Atlast”-“intheend”(logicalconnectors)D：apossibleanswertotheWh-question(grammaticalconnector)思考：1.對(duì)話語(yǔ)篇有哪些銜接手段？2.如何選擇，才能使對(duì)話進(jìn)行下去？銜接手段：logicalconnector邏輯紐帶grammaticalconnector語(yǔ)法lexicalconnector詞匯Completethefollowingideasbyfamousscientistswithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclauseandtranslatetheminyourownwords.Researchis_________I’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’m

doing.(WernervonBraun)what

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhy

研究就是當(dāng)我不知道自己在做什么的時(shí)候我在做的事。

——布勞恩（徳裔美籍火箭科學(xué)家）PracticeandApply2.Thesaddestaspectofliferightnowis_______

sciencegathers

knowledgefasterthansocietygatherswisdom.(IsaacAsimov)that

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply當(dāng)下生活最可悲的一面就是科學(xué)積累知識(shí)的速度超過(guò)了社會(huì)積累智慧的速度?！_克·阿西莫夫

（美國(guó)科幻小說(shuō)作家、化學(xué)家）3.Anexpertcanbe_________hasmadeallthemistakesthatcan

bemadeinaverynarrowfield.(NilesBohr)whoever

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply專(zhuān)家可能是在一個(gè)非常狹窄的領(lǐng)域里犯了所有可能犯的錯(cuò)誤的人?！岫埂げ枺ǖ溛锢韺W(xué)家）4.Whendifferentexperimentsgiveyouthesameresult,itisnolongersubjecttoyouropinion.That’sthegoodthingaboutscience:Itistruewhetherornotyoubelieveinit.That’s_________itworks.(NeildeGrasseTyson)why

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply當(dāng)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)呈現(xiàn)出相同的結(jié)果時(shí)，它就不再受制于你的意見(jiàn)。這就是科學(xué)的好處:不管你信不信它都是真的。這就是科學(xué)工作的原理。

——奈爾·德葛拉司·泰森（美國(guó)天文學(xué)家）5.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittlehappiness.Thatis_________wehavenotyetlearnttomakesensibleuseofit!(AlbertEinstein)because

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply這種節(jié)約工作量，使生活更容易的應(yīng)用科學(xué)，給我們帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)很少。那是因?yàn)槲覀冞€沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)合理地利用它!

——愛(ài)因斯坦6.Thereareonlytwowaystoliveyourlife.Oneis____________nothingisamiracle.Theotheris____________everythingisamiracle.(