考城隍(Chenghuang)知識點梳理匯總

考城隍(Chenghuang)予姊丈之祖宋公，諱燾，邑廩生（xiucai)。一日病臥，見吏人持牒，牽白顛馬來，云：“請赴試。”公言：“文宗未臨，何遽得考？”吏不言，但敦促之。公力病乘馬從去，路甚生疏，至一城郭，如王者都。移時入府廨(Yamen)，宮室壯麗。上坐十余官，都不知何人，惟關(guān)壯繆可識。檐下設幾、墩各二，先有一秀才坐其末，公便與連肩。幾上各有筆札。俄題紙飛下，視之有八字，云：“一人二人，有心無心?！倍某?，呈殿上。公文中有云：“有心為善，雖善不賞。無心為惡，雖惡不罰。”諸神傳贊不已。召公上，諭曰：“河南缺一城隍，君稱其職?！惫轿颍D首泣曰：“辱膺寵命，何敢多辭？但老母七旬，奉養(yǎng)無人，請得終其天年，惟聽錄用?！鄙弦坏弁跸裾?，即命稽母壽籍。有長須吏捧冊翻閱一過，白：“有陽算九年?！惫曹P躇間，關(guān)帝曰：“不妨令張生攝篆九年，瓜代可也?！蹦酥^公：“應即赴任，今推仁孝之心，給假九年。及期當復相召?！庇置銊钚悴艛?shù)語。二公稽首并下。秀才握手，送諸郊野，自言長山張某。以詩贈別，都忘其詞，中有“有花有酒春常在，無燭無燈夜自明”之句。

公既騎，乃別而去，及抵里，豁若夢寤。時卒已三日，母聞棺中呻吟，扶出，半日始能語。問之長山，果有張生于是日死矣。后九年，母果卒，營葬既畢，浣濯入室而沒。其岳家居城中西門里，忽見公鏤膺朱幩，輿馬甚眾。登其堂，一拜而行。相共驚疑，不知其為神，奔詢鄉(xiāng)中，則已歿矣。公有自記小傳，惜亂后無存，此其略耳。我姐夫的祖父宋先生，名燾，原是本城的一位秀才。有一天，他生病躺在床上，忽然，看到一名衙門的公差，手里拿著一張通知單，牽著一匹頭上有白毛的馬走來。對他說：“請你去參加考試！”宋先生說：“主考的學臺老爺沒有到，怎么能突然進行考試呢？”差人也不回答，只是不斷地催促他。宋先生只好勉強騎上馬，跟隨他去。走的路都是非常陌生的，不久，他們便來到一座城市，如同帝王所居住的京城一樣。不多時，他們進入一座衙門。宮殿建筑宏偉華麗，堂上坐著十多位官員，都不知道是些什么人，其中只有關(guān)帝是認識的。衙門的殿廊下擺著桌、凳各兩個。已經(jīng)有一位秀才坐在那里的下位上。宋先生便與他肩并肩坐下。每張桌子上都有筆和紙。一會，便送下有題目的卷紙來，一看上面寫著八個字：“一人二人，有心無心?！彼麄儌z把文章做成后便呈送上去。宋先生的文章中有句話，說：“有的人故意去做好事，雖然是做了好事，但不應給他獎勵；有的人不是故意做壞事，雖然做了壞事，也可以不處罰他?！备魑还賳T在傳閱中不住地稱贊。他們便把宋先生召喚到殿堂上去，對他說：“河南那個地方，缺一位城隍，你去擔任這個職務很合適。”宋先生一聽，這時才開始明白過來，連忙跪下去，一邊叩頭一邊哭著說：“我能得到這樣榮耀的任命，怎么敢再三推辭呢？但我的70多歲的老母，身邊無人奉養(yǎng)。請你們允許在她去世之后，我再聽從你們的任用。”堂上一位好象是帝王樣的人，立即命令查看他母親的壽祿。有一位留著胡子的官吏，捧著記載人壽祿的冊子看了一遍，說道：“她還有陽壽九年?！彼麄兟牶笳讵q豫不決，想不出辦法時，關(guān)帝說：“沒有什么關(guān)系，讓姓張的先代理九年，到了期限，他再去?！庇谑牵蒙先藢λ蜗壬f：“本應該讓你立即到任的，今從仁愛孝敬之心考慮，給你九年的假，到了期限還得叫你去?！闭f完，又對那位秀才勉勵了幾句。二位先生叩頭后走下殿來，秀才拉著宋先生的手，一直送到郊外，并自我介紹說：“我是長山地方人，姓張。還將自己做的詩贈給宋先生留作紀念?？墒?，宋先生把整首詩忘記了，只記得中間有“有花有酒春常在，無蠟無燈夜自明”兩句。宋先生騎上馬就告辭而去，當他回到村里時，就好象是從夢中醒過來一樣。可是到這時，他已經(jīng)是死去三天啦。宋先生的母親聽到棺材里有呻吟聲，便趕快把他從里面扶出來。過了好半天，宋先生才能說出話來。他打聽長山那個地方，果然有姓張的這個人，已經(jīng)在那天死去了。自此以后的第9年，宋先生的母親果然到時候便死去了。喪事發(fā)送完畢之后，宋先生洗完了澡，走進屋子里也死了。宋先生的丈人家住在城中西門里，忽然，看到宋先生一身新官服，身后跟隨著許多車馬人員。丈人家里人都非常驚奇，不知宋先生已經(jīng)成了神，做了城隍。他們急忙跑到宋先生家里去打聽消息，原來，宋先生已經(jīng)死去了。宋老先生自己記有小傳，可惜戰(zhàn)亂后沒有保存下來，這只不過是個大概吧。ExaminationforthePositionofChengHuang①Mr.Song,thegrandfatherofmybrother-in-lawandwhosefirstnamewasTao,wasaLinsheng.②Oneday,whenhewaslyinginbedwithsickness,aYachai③withanotificationinhand,leadingahorsewithwhiteforehead,said:‘Pleasetaketheexam.’ButMr.Songsaid:‘Theexaminerhasn’tcomeyet,whyshouldIgotheresoearly?’TheYachaididn’texplainanything,onlytourgehimtosetout.Mr.Songmountedthehorse,regardlessofillness.Aftergoingbyanunfamiliarroute,theyarrivedatacityseeminglikeacapitalfortheemperor.Afterawhile,hewasledtoamagnificentpalace.TherewereadozenofofficialssitinthehallandMr.SongrecognizednobodybutGuanZhuangmiu.④Twosidetableswithseatswereplacedundertheeavesofveranda.AXiucai⑤hadalreadytookhisseat,soMr.Songtookanother.Soontheexaminationpaperflewdown,therewereonlyeightwordsonit--‘onepersonortwo,withpurposeornot.’Theyhandedonthearticleafterfinishedit.ItcontainedthefollowingexpressioninMr.Song’sarticle:‘Amandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshouldn’tberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgiven.’Afterreadingthat,everyofficialwasfullofpraiseforhisideaandsummonedhimonstagetotellhim:‘NowweneedaChenghuangforthesouthareaofYellowRiver,andyouarequalifiedfortheposition.’Mr.Songsuddenlyrealizedwherehewas,bowedhisheadimmediatelyandwept:‘SohonoramItotakethisresponsibilityandhowdareIrefuseit?Butconsiderthatmyseventy-yearsoldmotherneedsmetotakecareofher,Ibegyourdisposaltobedelayedtillshepassaway.’Amongthemwereamanwholookedlikeaemperor,heaskedanofficialtochecktherestdaysofMr.Song’smother.TheofficialwithlongbeardedbroughttheBookofFateandsearchthroughit,hesaidthatshestillhave9yearstolive.Allofthemhesitated,GuanZhuangmiusaid:‘Mr.Zhangmightaswelltakethatpositiontemporarily,thenafter9yearscouldMr.Songtakeitover.’SohesaidtoMr.Song:‘Youshouldhavetakethepositionatonce,butweconsiderofyourfilial,youaregrantedtofulfilltheresponsibilityasasonfirst.After9yearswewillsummonyouagain.’HealsoencouragedthatXiucaiwithafewwords.Bothofthecandidatesbowedtheirheadsandleftthepalace.TheXiucaitookMr.Songbythehandandsenthimtooutskirts,introducedhimselfasMr.ZhangwhocamefromChangshan.HegaveMr.Songapoetryatparting.Mr.Songcannotrememberitall,butinitoccurredthiscouplet:‘Withflowerandwine,springshallneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright.’ThefarewellfinallycameasMr.Songmountedthehorse.Whenarrivedhome,hefeltlikethathesuddenlywokeupfromadream.Thenhefoundhimselfdiedthreedaysago.Hismotherheardthegroanandhelpedhimoutofthecoffin,itwasalongtimebeforehecouldspeak.Mr.SonginquiredaboutChangshan,indeedamancalledMr.Zhangdiedthatday.Nineyearsfled,hismotherdidpassaway.Afterheldherfuneral,Mr.Songtookashowerthendiedinthechamber.Hisfather-in-law’sfamilylivednearinthewestgateofthecounty,andonthatdaytheysuddenlysawMr.Songwearingagoldenrobeandavermilioncrown,withnumerouschariotsandhorsesfollowed.Heenteredthehallandgaveakneelingsaluteandthenleft.Theywereveryastonishedatthis,notknowingthathehadbecomeaChenghuang.Theyhurriedtoaskaroundthevillagethenknewhewasalreadygone.Mr.Songhadanautobiographywrittenbyhimself,butitwaslostduringthewar.Thisisonlyasummaryofhisstory.①adeitywhoisinchargeofaffairsinacity,atown,oravillage②anofficerwhogetsallowancefromgovernmentforhisacademicperformance.③anofficialmessenger④theposthumousnameofGuanYu,heisageneralintheThreeKingdomperiod.⑤onewhopassedtheimperialexaminationatthecountylevelintheMingandQingdynastiesTheExamforTownGodMybrotherinlaw’sgrandfatherwascalledSongTao.Heusedtobeoneofthescholarsinourcity.Oneday,whenheliedonbedbecauseofsickness,hesawapoliceofficerholdingarequisitioncamein,followedbyahorsewhoseheadhadwhitefurs,andsaid,Pleasefollowmetoparticipateinanexam.MrSongsaid,Thechiefexaminerhasn’tarrived,howcanwestartanexam?Theofficerdidn’tanswerhim,justurgedhimonandon.Atlast,MrSongrodeonthehorseandfollowedhim.Thewaytheytookwasveryunfamiliar.Afterashorttime,theyarrivedinacitylikethecapitaltheemperorlivedin.Shortly,theycameintoaspectaculardepartment.Thereweremorethantenofficersinitshall.ButMrSongdidn’tknowwhotheywere,exceptGuanYu,thegreatheroinChinesehistory.Thedepartmenthastwodesksandtwochairsinitshall.Papersandpenswereonthedesks.Anotherscholarhadalreadysatononeofthem.MrSongwenttositbesidehim.Afterthat,thepapersthathasquestionsweresenttothem.Thequestionwaswhatifamandosomethingdeliberatelyorcarelessly.Thetwomenhandedontheirpapersaftertheyhadcompletedtheirarticles.MrSongsaidinhisarticle,amandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshouldn’tberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgived.Theofficersinthehallpraisedonthiscontinuously,sotheycalledMrSongtothefrontofthehall,andsaidtohim,OneareaofHenandidn’thaveatowngod,youaresuitableforthisplace.Finally,MrSongunderstoodwhathadhappened.Hekneeledimmediatelyandsaid,crying,HowcouldIrejectthishonorableoppointment?butmyoldmotherisoverseventyyearsoldanddon’thaveothermantotakecare.Pleaseallowmetotakethispositionaftermymotherhaspassedaway.Oneofficerseemedlikeanemperor,immediatelyorderedtoconsulttohismother’sbookoffake.Oneofficerthathadbeardholdthebookoffakeandsaid,shestillhasnineyears’life.Hearingthis,allmenwereinhesitationandhadnosolution.Atlast,GuanYusaid,Itdoesn’tmatter.LetMrZhangtakeagencyforhisposition.Afterhismotherhasgone,hecouldacceptthisappiontment.SoofficerssaidtoMrSongYoushouldhavetakenyourpositionimmediately,butyourfilialpietygotyouanineyearsholiday.ThentheypraisedMrZhang.Afterthat,thetwoscholarsbowedandreturnedtothebackofthehall.MrZhangholdMrSong’shandandsawhimoffintheoutskirtsofthecity.MrZhangintroducedhimselfthathecamefromChangshan,andhisfamilynamewasZhang.HealsogaveMrSonghispoetryaspresent.ButMrSongcan’trememberanyofthepoetry.Hecanonlyrememberonewordinit,Withflowersandwine,thespringneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright.MrSongrodeonthehorseandsaidgoodbyetohim.Whenhereturnedtohisvillage,hefeltlikehewaswakeupfromadream.Atthistime,hefoundedthathehadbeendiedforthreedays.Whenhismotherheardofthegroanfromthecoffin,shehelpMrSongtogetoutimmediately.Itwasalongtimebeforehecanspoke.ThenhereferedtoChangshan,andknewtherewasreallyamancalledZhangdiedonthatday.Nineyearslater,hismotherreallydied.Afterhismother’sfuneral,MrSongtookashower,andgotinhisroom,died.MrSong’sfatherinlawlivedaroundthecity’swestdoor.HisfamilysuddenlysawMrSongwasinamagnificentuniform,followedbyateamofcarriagesandmen.Hevisitedhisfatherinlaw’shome,thenleft.Theywereallsurprised,didn’tknowhehadbecomeatowngod.Theyaskedaroundthevillage,andknewMrSonghadgone.MrSonghadhisautobiography,butwasn’thandedoverthewar.Thisisonlyamainidea.RecordofTranslationProcessTitleoftheText:考城隍SourceLanguage:中文TargetLanguage:英語SubjectoftheText:表現(xiàn)宋生的孝順SupposedTargetReaders:（未知）FunctionoftheTargetText:讓讀者能夠了解中國文化，尤其是孝ContentoftheText:城中一個叫宋濤的秀才，死后受到賞識，被任命為一方城隍。但出于對母親的孝心，他懇求在母親去世后在赴任。關(guān)底感動了，答應了他的請求。讓他還陽。Style（registered）oftheText:神話小說Difficultiesintranslation:a.Preparatoryphase:查找改篇的現(xiàn)代漢語譯文，發(fā)現(xiàn)古今有序有差別，所以不能直接對照漢語譯文翻譯。b.Duringtheprocess:1、中國古代較之國外復雜的家族親屬關(guān)系較難翻譯，如：“予姊丈之祖宋公”2、古代專有名詞，需要借助現(xiàn)代漢語理解，再翻譯。如：“見吏人持牒”的“牒”3、中國古代詩歌向英文翻譯很麻煩，如：“一人二人，有心無心。”本意是有兩個人，一個故意，一個無意。但這樣翻譯顯得過于冗雜，所以翻譯成了whatifamandosomethingdeliberatelyorcarelessly.4、這篇古文有很多內(nèi)容是關(guān)于死亡的，譯文中的英語要注意用詞。Solutions:1、親屬翻譯可以查到，如”姊丈”譯為brotherinlaw,岳父譯為fatherinlaw古代專有名詞先借助現(xiàn)代漢語理解，在翻譯成對應的英語，如“牒”意思是通知，因為requisition4、避諱死亡的英語有很多，如：passawaygonebenomore等Dictionaries,glossariesandinternetresources:百度有道Timeneeded:兩個小時漢翻英與傳播中國文化漢