武漢微博教育整理分享-計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)第三版課后答案(五)

《計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)》參考譯文和練習(xí)答案PAGEPAGE1武漢微博教育整理分享—計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)第三版課后答案（五）練習(xí)答案e-BusinessSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:commercial;networkcatalogs;enginescurrencies;checksrelationship-based;pursesSignaturescash;tokenPublicSymmetricII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:userauthentication用戶認(rèn)證electronicpurse電子錢(qián)包informationfilter信息過(guò)濾dataintegrity數(shù)據(jù)完整性smartcard智能卡HTML超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言symmetrickeycryptosystem對(duì)稱(chēng)密鑰密碼系統(tǒng)messageauthenticationcode信息鑒定碼unauthorizedaccesscontrol未授權(quán)訪問(wèn)控制electroniccatalog電子目錄electronicmoney(或cash)電子貨幣searchengine搜索引擎digitalsignature數(shù)字簽名userinterface用戶界面EFT(ElectronicFundsTransfer)電子資金轉(zhuǎn)帳publickeycryptosystem公鑰密碼系統(tǒng)PDA(personaldigitalassistant)個(gè)人數(shù)字助理hypertextlink超文本鏈接3Dimage三維圖像creditcard信用卡III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Thetermelectroniccommerceencompassestheentireprocessofbuying,selling,andadvertisingproductsandservicesusingelectroniccommunicationsmedia.Butwhenpeopletalkabout(e-commerce)today,they'reusuallyreferringtotheemergingmarketplaceontheInternet.(Retailers)ofallkindsarenowscramblingtoestablishthemselvesandreach(customers)inthisnewmarketplace.Themajorobstacletoe-commerceistheproblemofhowtopayfor(products)andservicesonline.Howcanelectronic(payments)bemadeconvenient,reliable,and(secure)forconsumersandretailersalike?AswitheveryotherInternet(technology),aglobalstandardforonline(transactions)mustemergebeforee-commercebecomesawidelyaccepted(practice).Thedrivetoestablishastandardfor(electronic)moneyiswellunderway.Softwaredevelopers,banks,and(credit)cardcompaniesareallpushingtransactionsystemsto(online)merchants,eachbettingthattheirsystemwillbecomethe(standard)waytopayforthingsonline.AsaWeb(storefront)owner,youmustinvestigateallthe(options)andofferasmanychoicestoyourcustomersastheydemand,whilekeeping(costs)andcomplexitiesfromgettingoutofhand.IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Acomputervirusisaprogramthat“infects”computerfiles(usuallyotherexecutableprograms)byinsertinginthosefilescopiesofitself.Thisisusuallydoneinsuchamannerthatthecopieswillbeexecutedwhenthefileisloadedintomemory,allowingthemtoinfectstillotherfiles,andsoon.Virusesoftenhavedamagingsideeffects,sometimesintentionally,sometimesnot.

Avirusthatpropagates(傳播)itselfacrosscomputernetworksissometimesreferredtoasa“Worm”,especiallyifitiscomposedofmanyseparatesegmentsdistributedacrossthenetwork.A“TrojanHorse”,thoughtechnicallynotavirus,isaprogramdisguisedassomethinguseful,whichwhenrundoessomethingequallydevious(陰險(xiǎn)的)tothecomputersystemwhileappearingtodosomethingelse.

計(jì)算機(jī)病毒是通過(guò)在計(jì)算機(jī)文件（通常是其他可執(zhí)行程序）中插入自身的拷貝來(lái)“傳染”這些文件的程序。這通常以如此的方式進(jìn)行，以致文件裝入內(nèi)存時(shí)拷貝即被執(zhí)行，從而使其可再傳染其他的文件，等等。病毒常常產(chǎn)生破壞性的副作用，有時(shí)是有意的，有時(shí)則是無(wú)意的。

在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上自我傳播的病毒有時(shí)稱(chēng)為“蠕蟲(chóng)”，尤其是在它由分布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)各處的許多獨(dú)立部分構(gòu)成的情況下?！疤芈逡聊抉R”雖然從技術(shù)上講不是病毒，但它是偽裝成有用東西的程序，運(yùn)行時(shí)在對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)做著同樣陰險(xiǎn)的事情的同時(shí)，表面上卻顯得在做其他的事情。SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Foure-Businessvendor-centric;customer-centricInfrastructureII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:vendor-centricmodel客戶中心模式Website網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)ebsurfing網(wǎng)上沖浪middlewareserver中間件服務(wù)back-endplatform后端平臺(tái)e-Businessstrategy電子商務(wù)策略binaryformat二進(jìn)制格式customer-orientede-Businesssystem面向客戶的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)ISV(independentsoftwarevendor)獨(dú)立軟件推銷(xiāo)商informationinfrastructure信息基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)施SectionCI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:ServicesMarketingstorefronts;consultingadvertisements;subscriptionsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:Webstorefront網(wǎng)上店面electronicpresskit電子版發(fā)行包onlineretail在線零售multimediademo多媒體演示onlineaccess聯(lián)機(jī)訪問(wèn)value-addedservices增值業(yè)務(wù)productpromotion產(chǎn)品推銷(xiāo)communicationmedium通信媒體Unit14ComputerSecuritySectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:employeesHackersCrackersdamage;manipulationWormsoftwarepiracyaccess;backupPasswordsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:encryptionprogram加密程序deletioncommand刪除命令authorizeduser授權(quán)的用戶backupcopy備份的副本voltagesurge電涌，浪涌電壓circuitbreaker斷路器electroniccomponent電子器件data-entryerror數(shù)據(jù)輸入錯(cuò)誤electronicbreak-in電路中斷powerline電力線，輸電線detectionprogram檢測(cè)程序powersource電源destructivecomputerprogram破壞性計(jì)算機(jī)程序computervirus計(jì)算機(jī)病毒softwarepiracy軟件侵權(quán)hard-diskdrive硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器viruschecker病毒檢查程序primarystorage主存儲(chǔ)器electronicbulletinboard電子公告板surgeprotector浪涌電壓保護(hù)器武漢微博教育III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Avirusorotherunwelcomesurprisecanlurkinyourcomputersystemfordaysormonthswithoutdiscovery.Atimebombisacomputerprogramthatstaysinyoursystemundetecteduntilitistriggeredbyacertaineventintime,suchaswhenthecomputersystemclockreachesacertaindate.AtimebombisusuallycarriedbyavirusorTrojanhorse.Forexample,theMichelangeloviruscontainsatimebombdesignedtodamagefilesonyourharddiskonMarch6,thebirthdayofartistMichelangelo.Alogicbombisacomputerprogramthatistriggeredbytheappearanceordisappearanceofspecificdata.Forexample,supposeaprogrammerinalargecorporationbelievesthatsheisonthelistofemployeestobeterminatedduringthenextcost-cuttingcampaign.Herhostility(敵意)overcomesherethical(道德的)judgment,andshecreatesalogicbombprogramthatchecksthepayroll(在職人員名單)fileeverydaytomakesureheremploymentstatusisstillactive.Iftheprogrammer’sstatuschangesto“terminated,”herlogicbombactivatesaprogramthatdestroysdataonthecomputer.Atimebomborlogicbombmightdomischief(禍害)inyourcomputerlongbeforethetimergoesoff.Ifthebombcontainsavirus,itcouldreplicateandspreadtootherfiles.Meanwhile,youmightsendfilesfromyourcomputertoothercomputers,notknowingthattheyareinfected.IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Butthereallyamazingthingisthatwe’restillonlyatthedawnofthedigitalage.Inthepasttwodecades,thepowerofmicroprocessorshasincreasedmorethanonemilliontimes.But20yearsfromnow,microprocessorswillprobablybemorethanamilliontimesagainaspowerfulastheyaretoday.Andthey’llcontainuptoonebilliontransistors.

OverthenextfewyearsthePCwillremainthemaincomputingtoolformostpeople,butitwillbejoinedbyallkindsofnew,microprocessor-powereddevicesthatwillmakeyourlifeeveneasier.Forexample,whenyou’retravelingyou’llbeabletocallupyouritinerary,sendane-mailpostcard,bookanappointmentwithyourdoctororbalanceyourbankaccountusingahandheldPCthatwillknowwhatinformationyouneed,andwhenandwhereyouneedit.Andyou’llbeabletogetamap,hotelguideorthenewsfromtheWebvianewkindsofcellphones.

但是，真正令人吃驚的是，我們?nèi)匀恢皇翘幱跀?shù)字時(shí)代的開(kāi)端。在過(guò)去20年，微處理器的功能增強(qiáng)了一百多萬(wàn)倍。但是，今后20年，微處理器的功能很可能比今天再增強(qiáng)一百多萬(wàn)倍。而且，它們將含有多達(dá)10億個(gè)晶體管。

在今后幾年，個(gè)人電腦將依然是大多數(shù)人的主要計(jì)算工具，但是，在個(gè)人電腦之外，將出現(xiàn)各種新穎的由微處理器驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)備，使你的生活更加便利。例如，你旅行的時(shí)候，可以調(diào)出旅行計(jì)劃，發(fā)送電子郵件明信片，預(yù)約醫(yī)生，或者結(jié)算銀行賬戶，所使用的則是手持式個(gè)人電腦，它知道你需要什么信息以及何時(shí)何地需要。而且，你可以通過(guò)新型手機(jī)得到地圖、飯店指南或網(wǎng)上新聞。SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:MacrobootsectorParasiticTrojan或TrojanHorseII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:partitiontable分區(qū)表hostprogram主機(jī)程序anti-virussoftware反毒軟件globaltemplate公用模板virussignature病毒特征代碼BBS(bulletinboardsystem)公告板系統(tǒng)datacorruption數(shù)據(jù)毀損MBR(masterbootrecord)主引導(dǎo)記錄bootsector引導(dǎo)扇區(qū)macrovirus宏病毒SectionCI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Protectentertainment;challengeIPaddressbackdoorsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:systemplatform系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)installbackdoors安置后門(mén)emailattachment電子郵件的附件vulnerabilityassessmenttool弱點(diǎn)評(píng)估工具networksecuritymeasure網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全措施systemmaintenancepersonnel系統(tǒng)維護(hù)人員MXrecord函件交換記錄hackasystem非法闖入系統(tǒng)Unit15RemarksbyITGiantsSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:colorTVsWebCorporationsConnectivityaccess或connectivitytelecommunications;telephonewireless;high-bandwidthInternetII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:PC-pluseraPC影響力增強(qiáng)的時(shí)代cablemodem海底電纜universalPCmodel通用PC模式multifunctionaldevice多功能設(shè)備informationoverload信息過(guò)載，信息超負(fù)荷high-bandwidthconnectivity高帶寬連通性consumerelectronics消費(fèi)類(lèi)電器investmentportfolio投資組合virtualconvergence虛擬整合tabletPC便箋簿式個(gè)人電腦voicerecognition語(yǔ)音識(shí)別smarttelevision智能電視R&D(researchanddevelopment)研究與開(kāi)發(fā)surftheWeb在網(wǎng)上沖浪AutoPC自動(dòng)個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)e-mailcolleagues給同事發(fā)電子郵件Web-enabledcellphone具有上網(wǎng)功能的手機(jī)digitaltechnology數(shù)字技術(shù)wirelesstechnology無(wú)線技術(shù)broadbandcommunications寬帶通信III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Athome,you’llbeabletooperateyourPCbytalkingtoit.Itwillautomaticallybackupallyourinformation,updateitsownsoftwareandsynchronizeitselfwithyourTV,cellphone,handheld,andallthedevicesonyourhomenetwork.Therefrigeratorinyourkitchenwillknowhowwellstockeditis,suggestrecipesbasedonwhat’savailable,andordermorefoodfromyouronlinegrocer.YourTVwilldoubleasaninteractiveshoppingmall,lettingyoubuyadvertisedproductsorclothesyousawinasitcom.Andifyoudon’twanttowatchTV,you’llbeabletoreadanelectronicbookthatknowsyourfavoriteauthorsandautomaticallydownloadstheirlatestnovels.Ifyoudecidetoreadoneofthem,yourbankaccountwillbedebited.Soundslikesciencefiction?Justafewyearsago,itwas.Butthankstothemicroprocessor—andtoalltheincredibleinnovationsinsoftware,hardware,theInternetandtelecomm