回收電池愛護(hù)環(huán)境主題班會（完美版）模板兩篇

人教版選修4化學(xué)反應(yīng)原理第四章電化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)第一節(jié)原電池培訓(xùn)人：目錄01基礎(chǔ)知識02對鋅銅原電池工作原理的進(jìn)一步探究03由兩個半電池組成原電池的工作原理04原電池的設(shè)計05總結(jié)與練習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)回顧1、原電池是______________________的裝置。原電池反應(yīng)的本質(zhì)是_______________反應(yīng)。將化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能氧化還原反應(yīng)2、如右圖所示，組成的原電池：（1）當(dāng)電解質(zhì)溶液為稀H2SO4時：Zn電極是____（填“正”或“負(fù)”）極，其電極反應(yīng)為_________________，該反應(yīng)是______（填“氧化”或“還原”，下同）反應(yīng)；Cu電極是______極，其電極反應(yīng)為_________________,該反應(yīng)是_________反應(yīng)。（2）當(dāng)電解質(zhì)溶液為CuSO4溶液時：Zn電極是____極，其電極反應(yīng)為_______________，該反應(yīng)是________反應(yīng)；Cu電極是____極，其電極反應(yīng)為_______________,該反應(yīng)是_________反應(yīng).負(fù)2H++2e-=H2↑氧化正Zn－2e-=Zn2+還原負(fù)Zn－2e-=Zn2+氧化正還原Cu2++2e-=Cu復(fù)習(xí)回顧【實驗驗證化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的客觀事實】01基礎(chǔ)知識原電池的工作原理氧化還原反應(yīng)（本質(zhì)：反應(yīng)物之間有電子轉(zhuǎn)移）負(fù)極（還原性）還原反應(yīng)氧化反應(yīng)正極（氧化性）失e－得e－電子e－電流Ｉ［結(jié)論］把氧化反應(yīng)和還原反應(yīng)分開在不同的區(qū)域進(jìn)行，再以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞竭B接起來，就可以獲得電流。例題判斷下列哪些裝置能構(gòu)成原電池。為什么？可以不可以可以不可以例題判斷下列哪些裝置能構(gòu)成原電池。為什么？可以不可以可以不可以例題拓展判斷下列哪些裝置能構(gòu)成原電池。為什么？形成條件1活潑性不同的兩個電極負(fù)極：較活潑的金屬正極：較不活潑的金屬、石墨等2電極需插進(jìn)電解質(zhì)溶液中3必須形成閉合回路思考1、上述裝置構(gòu)成原電池了嗎？為什么？2、怎樣才能構(gòu)成原電池呢？硫酸鋅溶液硫酸銅溶液組成原電池的條件1243有兩種活動性不同的金屬（或一種是非金屬單質(zhì)或金屬氧化物）作電極電極材料均插入電解質(zhì)溶液中兩極相連形成閉合電路內(nèi)部條件：能自發(fā)進(jìn)行氧化還原反應(yīng)02對鋅銅原電池工作原理的進(jìn)一步探究思考左圖是原電池，如果用它做電源，不但效率低，而且時間稍長電流就很快減弱，因此不適合實際應(yīng)用。這是什么原因造成的呢？有沒有什么改進(jìn)措施？思考解析造成原因鋅片與硫酸銅溶液直接接觸反應(yīng)一段時間1溶液中的銅離子在鋅片表面直接還原2少量的銅在鋅片表面析出3負(fù)極（鋅）表面構(gòu)成原電池加速了銅在負(fù)極鋅表面析出4向外輸出的電流強度減弱5當(dāng)鋅片表面完全被銅覆蓋后，不再構(gòu)成原電池即沒有電流在產(chǎn)生6將鋅片與硫酸銅溶液隔離改進(jìn)措施拓展為了避免發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象，設(shè)計如下圖（書P71圖4-1）所示的原電池裝置，你能解釋它的工作原理嗎？鹽橋中通常裝有含瓊膠的KCl飽和溶液此裝置優(yōu)點：能穩(wěn)定長時間放電拓展思考1鹽橋在此的作用是什么？改進(jìn)后的裝置為什么能夠持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)生電流？閱讀教材72頁得出結(jié)論使整個裝置構(gòu)成通路，代替兩溶液直接接觸1平衡電荷2結(jié)論解析①01020304溶液中的電流通路是靠離子遷移完成的使整個裝置構(gòu)成通路，代替兩溶液直接接觸Zn失去電子形成的Zn2+進(jìn)入ZnSO4溶液ZnSO4溶液因Zn2+增多而帶正電荷CuSO4由于Cu2+變?yōu)镃u使得SO42-相對較多而帶負(fù)電荷溶液不保持電中性，這兩種因素均會阻止電子從鋅片流向銅片，造成電流中斷結(jié)論解析②01020304由于鹽橋（如KCl）的存在平衡電荷陰離子Cl-向ZnSO4溶液擴(kuò)散和遷移陽離子K+則向CuSO4溶液擴(kuò)散和遷移分別中和過剩的電荷，保持溶液的電中性因而放電作用不間斷地進(jìn)行直到鋅片全部溶解或CuSO4溶液中的Cu2+幾乎完全沉淀下來拓展思考2上述原電池裝置是將什么反應(yīng)的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的？指出電池的正負(fù)極，并分別寫出其中負(fù)極和正極的電極反應(yīng)式以及該電池的總反應(yīng)方程式。負(fù)極（鋅片）：Zn－2e-=Zn2+（氧化反應(yīng)）正極（銅片）：Cu2++2e-=Cu（還原反應(yīng)）電池反應(yīng)（總化學(xué)方程式）：Zn+Cu2+=Zn2++Cu電池符號：Zn︱ZnSO4‖

CuSO4︱Cu

負(fù)極鹽橋正極03由兩個半電池組成原電池的工作原理工作原理把氧化反應(yīng)和還原反應(yīng)分開在不同區(qū)域進(jìn)行再以適當(dāng)方式連接，可以獲得電流0102在這類電池中，用還原性較強的物質(zhì)作為負(fù)極，負(fù)極向外電路提供電子；用氧化性較強的物質(zhì)作為正極，正極從外電路得到電子在原電池的內(nèi)部，兩極浸在電解質(zhì)溶液中，并通過陰陽離子的定向運動而形成內(nèi)電路原電池正負(fù)極的判斷方法微觀判斷根據(jù)電子電流方向電子流出的極負(fù)極電子流入的極正極原電池正負(fù)極的判斷方法宏觀判斷較活潑的電極材料較不活潑的電極材料根據(jù)電極材料發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)的極發(fā)生還原反應(yīng)的極根據(jù)原電池極發(fā)生的反應(yīng)負(fù)極正極負(fù)極正極宏觀判斷質(zhì)量增加的電極質(zhì)量減少的電極根據(jù)電極增重還是減重（工作后）工作后，有氣泡冒出根據(jù)電極有氣泡冒出正極負(fù)極正極原電池正負(fù)極的判斷方法材料的選擇電解質(zhì)溶液和電極材料的選擇（電池的電極必須導(dǎo)電）電解質(zhì)溶液一般要能夠與負(fù)極發(fā)生反應(yīng)。但若是兩個半反應(yīng)分別在兩個燒杯中進(jìn)行，則左右兩個燒杯中的電解質(zhì)溶液應(yīng)與電極材料具有相同的陽離子。04原電池的設(shè)計原電池的設(shè)計利用Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu，設(shè)計一個原電池?；蟽r升高失2e-化合價降低得2e-根據(jù)氧化還原反應(yīng)電子轉(zhuǎn)移判斷電極反應(yīng)根據(jù)電極反應(yīng)確定合適的電極材料和電解質(zhì)溶液思考討論Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+化合價升高失2e-化合價降低得2e-（Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+2FeCl2）利用此氧化還原反應(yīng)來設(shè)計原電池寫出電極反應(yīng)式，并畫出裝置圖思考討論利用此氧化還原反應(yīng)來設(shè)計原電池寫出電極反應(yīng)式，并畫出裝置圖離子方程式Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+CuCuCl2CFeCl305總結(jié)與練習(xí)總結(jié)01復(fù)習(xí)回憶了原電池的形成02進(jìn)一步了解原電池的反應(yīng)原理正確書寫電極反應(yīng)式03利用氧化還原反應(yīng)原理設(shè)計了原電池練習(xí)1.下列裝置中電流表指針會發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)的是（）3練習(xí)2.鋅銅原電池產(chǎn)生電流時，陽離子（）BA、移向Zn極，陰離子移向Cu極B、移向Cu極，陰離子移向Zn極C、和陰離子都移向Zn極D、和陰離子都移向Cu極3.把a、b、c、d四塊金屬片浸入稀硫酸中，用導(dǎo)線兩兩相連組成原電池。若a、b相連時，a為負(fù)極；c、d相連時，電流由d到c；a、c相連時，c極上產(chǎn)生大量氣泡，b、d相連時，b上有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生，則四種金屬的活動性順序由強到弱的為()BA、a>b>c>dB、a>c>d>bC、c>a>b>dD、b>d>c>a練習(xí)4.如圖所示，在鐵圈和銀圈的焊接處，用一根棉線將其懸在盛水的燒杯中，使之平衡；小心的向燒杯滴入CuSO4溶液，片刻后可觀察到的現(xiàn)象是（）DA、鐵圈和銀圈左右搖擺不定B、保持平衡狀態(tài)C、鐵圈向下傾斜，銀圈向上傾斜D、銀圈向下傾斜，鐵圈向上傾斜練習(xí)Cu+2AgNO3=Cu(NO3)2+2Ag化合價升高失2e-化合價降低得2e-5.利用下面反應(yīng)設(shè)計原電池選擇電極材料和電解質(zhì)溶液，寫出電極方程式；并畫出原電池簡意圖。電極反應(yīng)式：負(fù)極：Cu–2e-=Cu2+

正極：2Ag++2e-=2Ag電極：負(fù)極是Cu，正極可以是Ag或C等電解液：Cu(NO3)2

、AgNO3

練習(xí)Cu+2AgNO3=Cu(NO3)2+2Ag化合價升高失2e-化合價降低得2e-5.利用下面反應(yīng)設(shè)計原電池選擇電極材料和電解質(zhì)溶液，寫出電極方程式；并畫出原電池簡意圖。CuCCu(NO3)AgNO3練習(xí)6.某原電池總反應(yīng)式為：Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+，能實現(xiàn)該反應(yīng)的原電池是（）B7.將鎂片和鋁片用導(dǎo)線相連，分別同時插入稀H2SO4和NaOH溶液中，寫出兩池中的電極反應(yīng)式和電池反應(yīng)式。ABCD電極材料Cu、ZnCu、AgCu、CFe、Zn電解質(zhì)溶液FeCl3Fe2(SO4)3Fe(NO3)2CuSO4①Mg—Al—稀H2SO4原電池：負(fù)極（Mg）：Mg-2e-=Mg2+（氧化反應(yīng)）正極（Al）：2H++2e-=H2↑（還原反應(yīng)）電池反應(yīng)：Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑②Al—Mg—NaOH原電池：負(fù)極（Al）：2Al-6e-+8OH-=2AlO2-+4H2O（氧化反應(yīng)）正極（Mg）：6H2O+6e-=3H2↑+6OH-（還原反應(yīng)）電池反應(yīng)：2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑人教版選修4化學(xué)反應(yīng)原理第四章電化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)感謝觀看！培訓(xùn)人：40頁簡約商務(wù)可視化圖表集BatteryChartInfographicsSaturniscomposedofhydrogenandheliumandit’stheringedoneVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunMarsisactuallyacoldplace.ThisplanetisfullofironoxidedustMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestone03020104BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereJupiteristhebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumNeptuneistheeighthandfarthestplanetfromtheSunMarsisacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustMercuryVenusJupiterSaturnNeptuneMarsBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSun.It’shotandhasaverypoisonousatmosphereMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem—it’sonlyabitlargerthantheMoon60%30%JupiterisagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’stheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplacefullofironoxidedustBatteryChartInfographicsBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandsmallestoneintheSolarSystemJupiterisagasgiantandactuallyalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiantintheSolarSystem,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunintheSolarSystem12341243CBatteryChartInfographicsABCVenus,thesecondplanetfromtheSun,hasabeautifulname,butalsoextremelyhightemperaturesandapoisonousatmosphereDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.Itisfullofironoxidedust,givingtheplanetitscharacteristicreddishcastMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem.ItwasnamedaftertheRomanmessengergodBatteryChartInfographicsAAAAACADespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryisthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemNeptuneisthefourth-largestintheSolarSystemDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplaceSaturniscomposedofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetJupiteristhebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemMercuryNeptuneMarsSaturnVenusJupiter100%85%70%55%40%25%BatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusJupiterIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnNeptuneMarsIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIt’sthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustBatteryChartInfographicsDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplaceVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereJupiteristhebiggestplanetofthemallSaturnisthebiggestplanetofthemallNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSun12345MarsVenusJupiterSaturnNeptuneBatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystem1234BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereEarthistheplanetwhereweallliveonIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustCeresislocatedinthemainasteroidbelt12345678BatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystem01020403BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasapoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedofhydrogenandheliumIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustMercuryJupiterSaturnMarsVenusBatteryChartInfographicsVenus,thesecondplanetfromtheSun,hasabeautifulname,butalsoextremelyhightemperaturesandapoisonousatmosphereDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.Itisfullofironoxidedust,givingtheplanetitscharacteristicreddishcastMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem.ItwasnamedaftertheRomanmessengergod12350%80%30%BatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem—it’sonlyabitlargerthantheMoonVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSun.It’shotandhasaverypoisonousatmosphereSaturn,theringedplanetinourwonderfulSolarSystem,iscomposedmostlyofhydrogenandalsoheliumJupiterisagasgiant,thebiggestplanetintheentireSolarSystemandalsothefourth-brightestobjectinthenightskyBatteryChartInfographicsBatteryChartInfographics214365VenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIt’sthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustPlutoisnowconsideredadwarfplanetVenusJupiterSaturnNeptuneMarsPlutoBatteryChartInfographicsJupiterisagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’stheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplacefullofironoxidedustMarsSaturnMercuryVenusJupiterBatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedust57%85%95%70%45%VenusMarsSaturnJupiterMercury10080604020001008060402000BatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusJupiterIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnNeptuneMarsIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIt’sthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustEDCBAA+BatteryChartInfographicsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneVenushasabeautifulnameandit’sthesecondplanetfromtheSunMarsisactuallyacoldplace.ThisplanetisfullofironoxidedustJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemABCD450km350km290km150kmABCDBatteryChartInfographicsJupiterisagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’stheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplacefullofironoxidedust20%22%11%26%21%wBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSun.It’shotandhasaverypoisonousatmosphereMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem—it’sonlyabitlargerthantheMoonVSBatteryChartInfographics$15It’sagasgiantcomposedofhydrogenandalsoheliumSATURN$18It’sagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetinSolarSystemJUPITER$23Ithasabeautifulname,butit’shot,morethanMercuryVENUS$28Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’saplanetfullofironoxidedustMARSBatteryChartInfographicsMarsisactuallyacoldplace.It’saplanetfullofironoxidedustMercuryisthesmallestplanetinourwonderfulSolarSystemVenushasabeautifulname,butit’shot,evenhotterthanMercuryJupiterisagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystem50%90%25%75%BatteryChartInfographicsDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustIt’sagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumMarsJupiterSaturnBatteryChartInfographicsIt’sagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’sthesmallestandclosestplanettotheSunintheSolarSystemMarsisactuallyacoldplace.It’saplanetfullofironoxidedustIthasabeautifulname,butit’sterriblyhot,evenmorethanMercuryJupiterMercuryMarsVenusBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneVenushasabeautifulname,butitisterriblyhotandpoisonousMarsisactuallyacoldplace.ThisoneisfullofironoxidedustJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemACBDGeometricInfographicsMercuryisthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemMercuryNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSunNeptuneDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplaceMarsSaturnisagasgiantmadeofhydrogenandheliumSaturnJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetJupiterVenusisthesecondplanetfromtheSunVenusGeometricInfographicsVenusVenushasabeautifulnameandhightemperaturesJupiterJupiteristhefourthandthebiggestplanetofallthemSaturnSaturniscomposedofhydrogenandalsoheliumMarsDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplaceofironoxidedustGeometricInfographicsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneMercuryMarsDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplacefullofironoxidedustNeptuneNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSunandthefourth-largestoneEarthIt’sthethirdplanetfromtheSunandtheonlyonethatharborslifeGeometricInfographicsDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplacefullofironoxidedustMarsSaturnisagasgiantcomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumSaturnJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemJupiterMercuryisthesmallestplanetin

theSolarSystemMercuryVenushasabeautifulname,butalsoveryhightemperaturesVenusGeometricInfographicsIt’sthethirdplanetfromtheSunandtheonlyonethatharborslifeEarthDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplacefullofironoxidedustMarsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneMercuryJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemJupiterNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSunandthefourth-large