Chapter 2 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧

review翻譯的根本方法音譯Transliteration直譯LiteralTranslation(word-for-wordtranslation)意譯FreeTranslation(sense-for-sensetranslation)藝術(shù)加工編輯課件意譯Sure,Bob,everybodytalksaboutempowerment,butwhentherubberhitstheroad,thebossesdemandtohavethelastword.譯文：當(dāng)然，Bob，每個(gè)人都在談?wù)摲艡?quán)，但真正開始執(zhí)行總要等老板的最后決策。Whatforeignbusinessmenfindencouragingisthatideologyisnolongerinthedriver’sseat.譯文：令外商感到鼓舞的是意識(shí)形態(tài)不再左右一切了。編輯課件課堂練習(xí)Floatingpolicyisactuallyaconvenientmethodofinsuringgoodswhereanumberofsimilarexporttransactionsareintended.floatingpolicy總保險(xiǎn)單;指用以承包多批次貨運(yùn)的一種持續(xù)性長(zhǎng)期保險(xiǎn)憑證，常譯為“統(tǒng)保單〞。譯：統(tǒng)保單是貨物保險(xiǎn)的一種便利方法,適合分不同時(shí)間出口的一批類似貨物。編輯課件2.WithoutprejudicetoanyrightswhichexistundertheapplicablelawsorundertheSubcontract,theContractorshallbeentitledtowithholdordeferpaymentofallorpartofanysumsotherwiseduebytheContractortotheSubcontractor.withoutprejudiceto相當(dāng)于withoutaffecting，意為“在不損害······的原那么下〞，“在不影響······的情況下〞等等。譯：在不影響按適用法律或分包合同享有任何權(quán)利的情況下，承包商有權(quán)扣留或暫緩支付承包商應(yīng)付給分包商的全部或局部到期金額。編輯課件Chapter2

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧TranslationSkills編輯課件Translationskills2.1英譯漢詞匯翻譯句子翻譯2.2漢譯英詞匯翻譯句子翻譯編輯課件2.1英譯漢acceptmaturityProvidedyoufulfillthetermsofthecredit,wewillacceptandpayatmaturitydate.accept:承兌，認(rèn)付〔匯票等〕maturity:期滿在貴公司履行信用證條款的條件下，我行將承兌并于期滿時(shí)支付信用證項(xiàng)下提示的匯票。一詞多義編輯課件outstandingsettlementRegardingour

outstandingaccountUS$6,000,wemustrequestyoutosendusimmediatelyyourcheckinsettlement.outstanding:未完結(jié)的，未清的，未付的settlement:支付，結(jié)帳有關(guān)未付賬6，000美元，請(qǐng)立即寄來(lái)支票，以便結(jié)帳。編輯課件Starbuck’sannualturnoveris60millionyuan.Thatcompanyhasafastturnoverbecauseofpoorworkingconditions.turnover:營(yíng)業(yè)額；人員更換率編輯課件一詞多義現(xiàn)象的翻譯根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定詞義Wearesorrytosaywehadtolodgeaclaimagainstyoutocoverourlossandhopeyouwilltakeactionimmediately.

十分遺憾地奉告，我方不得不向你方提出索賠以彌補(bǔ)我方損失，并希望盡快落實(shí)。Thisisthebalancetocoverthecheck.這是準(zhǔn)備用來(lái)交付支票的存款余額。編輯課件CaseStudyOncethejewelsweresafelylockedupinthebankhehadnomoreanxietiesabouttheirsecurity.Hegavehishouseasasecurity.Treasurysecuritiesarerevalueddaily.security:平安;抵押品，擔(dān)保品;證券，債券編輯課件根據(jù)專業(yè)確定詞義Theygive10%discountforcashpayment.Theexportermaytaketheacceptedbilltoadiscountbankbeforethematurityifheisinurgentneedoftheamountofmoney.出口商如果急需用這筆錢,他可以把這個(gè)承兌了的匯票拿去貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)。Iftheforwardexchangerateishigherthanthespotrate,wecallitforwardpremium,andifitislower,wecallitforwarddiscount.如果遠(yuǎn)期匯率比即期匯率高，我們稱之為遠(yuǎn)期升水;如果遠(yuǎn)期比即期低，我們稱之為遠(yuǎn)期貼水。discount貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)〔銀行金融〕貼水〔金融外匯〕編輯課件根據(jù)搭配關(guān)系確定詞義Theabovequotedarethearticlesingreatdemand,whichhavewonahighreputationinvariousmarkets.上述報(bào)價(jià)的商品均為暢銷貨物，它們已在世界各地市場(chǎng)上贏得很高的聲譽(yù)。The

articlesinthisagreementmustnotbemodifiedandendedwithouttheagreementbybothparties.本協(xié)議中所列條款未經(jīng)雙方一致同意不得變動(dòng)和修改。article:商品；條款編輯課件CaseStudyThedollarsremainstrongagainstseveralimportantcurrencies.CanadaisthebiggestU.S.tradingpartner,accountingformorethan20%ofbothexportsandimports,andtheCanadiandollarisatalltimelowagainsttheU.S.dollar.美元對(duì)幾個(gè)國(guó)家的貨幣保持堅(jiān)挺。加拿大是美國(guó)最大的貿(mào)易伙伴，占了美國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額的20%。目前加元對(duì)美元比價(jià)處于歷史最低點(diǎn)。編輯課件專業(yè)性普通詞匯，特殊意義Inordertomarketournewproduct,wehaveprintedfineliterature.literature

普通英語(yǔ)中，"文學(xué)";商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中，"printed

matters,

includingleaflets,

instruction,

product

catalogue,pricelist,etc.(文字宣傳資料，諸如產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書、產(chǎn)品目錄、價(jià)目表等)"編輯課件However,thetariffshouldnotbegreaterinamountthatthemarginofpricecausedbydumping.譯文:但是，(反傾銷)關(guān)稅稅額不應(yīng)比因傾銷而獲得的毛利潤(rùn)高

。dumping，在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域被引申為“

傾銷

〞。margin，在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中有“

利潤(rùn)

、毛額

、押金

、

保證金

〞

的意義

。

編輯課件WhenPeterWelch,presidentofCussonsPolskaandUrodaSA,arrivedatCusson’snewlyacquiredfactoryinPolandin1993,hediscoveredthattheconceptofteamworkdidn’texist.acquire在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中，“收購(gòu)〞當(dāng)卡森波蘭公司和烏諾達(dá)股份總裁彼得維奇剛到在波蘭新并購(gòu)的工廠時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒根本不存在團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的概念。注釋:UrodaSA:烏諾達(dá)股份。SA是法語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也寫成或S.A.。意思是“股份〞。編輯課件半專業(yè)詞匯Thebillofexchangeshallbeacceptedfirstandthencanbehonoredbytheacceptor.honor，“兌現(xiàn)、承付〞的意思。該匯票應(yīng)先承兌，然后由承兌方進(jìn)行支付。編輯課件Ifallthetermsandconditionsinthecreditarenotcompliedwith,theexportermayruntheriskofhisdraftbeingdishonoredbythebank.商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中，dishonor指銀行“退票、拒付〞。如果信用證的條款不一致，出口商的匯票有可能遭到銀行拒付。編輯課件專業(yè)詞匯lotLabels:labelsattachedtoeachpieceofmultiplelotshipmentforidentificationpurposes.LotLabels:貨票標(biāo)簽貨票標(biāo)簽：給多批貨物每件貼上標(biāo)簽以便于識(shí)別。編輯課件保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)賠償房屋出租財(cái)產(chǎn)出租停業(yè)貨幣升值premiumindemnitytenancyleaseofpropertywindup/ceaseabusinessappreciationofmoney

編輯課件作業(yè)：Thepremiumratesvarywithdifferedinterestsinsured.Ifthebuyerfailstopayanyaccountwhendue,thebuyershallbeliabletopaytheselleroverdueinterestonsuchunpaidamountfromtheduedateuntiltheactualdateofpaymentattherateoffivepercentperannum,suchoverdueinterestshallbepaidupondemandoftheseller.Thearticlesofourimmediateinterestareyour“CHON-HOI〞brandAgriculturalWashingMachines.〔保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率〕被保險(xiǎn)的貨物逾期利息興趣編輯課件2.1.2句子翻譯〔p18〕拆句法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法肯定否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)換譯法語(yǔ)序重組法省譯法增譯法重復(fù)法編輯課件1.拆句法IfaPartybreachesanyoftherepresentationsorwarrantiesgivenbyitinArticles18.1orrepeatedin18.2,theninadditiontoanyotherremediesavailabletotheotherpartyunderthiscontractorunderApplicableLaws,itshall

indemnify

andkeepindemnifiedtheotherPartyandthecompanyagainstanylosses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilitiesandclaimsthatsuchPartyortheCompanymaysufferasaresultofsuchbreach.編輯課件合同復(fù)合句的分析方法首先，找出全句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)；其次，要找出句子中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞；然后再分析從句和短句的功能；最后，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。編輯課件IfaPartybreachesanyoftherepresentationsorwarrantiesgivenbyitinArticles18.1,theninadditiontoanyotherremediesavailabletotheotherpartyunderthiscontractorunderApplicableLaws,itshall

indemnify

andkeepindemnifiedtheotherPartyandthecompanyagainstanylosses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilitiesandclaimsthatsuchPartyortheCompanymaysufferasaresultofsuchbreach.第一步，拆分句子：IfaPartybreaches…inArticles18.1theninadditionto…Applicablelawsitshallindemnifyand…costs,expenses,liabilitiesandclaimsthatsuchPartyor…asaresultofsuchbreach.編輯課件IfaPartybreachesanyoftherepresentationsorwarrantiesgivenbyitinArticles18.1,theninadditiontoanyotherremediesavailabletotheotherpartyunderthiscontractorunderApplicableLaws,itshall

indemnify

andkeepindemnifiedtheotherPartyandthecompanyagainstanylosses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilitiesandclaimsthatsuchPartyortheCompanymaysufferasaresultofsuchbreach.第二步，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)〔It〕〔情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形〕〔shallindemnifyandkeepindemnified…against〕賓語(yǔ)〔theotherPartyandtheCompany〕；“if〞引導(dǎo)的是條件從句，條件句的賓語(yǔ)局部跟隨后置定語(yǔ)〔givenbyitinArticles18.1〕；“inadditionto〞引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分，其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)〔availabletotheotherPartyunderthiscontractorunderApplicablelaws〕；而“that〞引導(dǎo)的那么是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞；固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnifysb.against…〞使某人不受……編輯課件IfaPartybreachesanyoftherepresentationsorwarrantiesgivenbyitinArticles18.1,theninadditiontoanyotherremediesavailabletotheotherpartyunderthiscontractorunderApplicableLaws,itshall

indemnify

andkeepindemnifiedtheotherPartyandthecompanyagainstanylosses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilitiesandclaimsthatsuchPartyortheCompanymaysufferasaresultofsuchbreach.如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18.1條所做的陳述或擔(dān)保，那么另一方除根據(jù)本合同或適用法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外，違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營(yíng)公司因此種違約行為而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開支、責(zé)任或索賠。編輯課件practiceTheBuyermay,within15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,lodgeaclaimagainsttheSellerforshort-weightbeingsupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor.分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句，其主干為TheBuyersmay…lodgeaclaim…。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：a.

分別表示時(shí)間within15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatthedestinationb.

方式beingsupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor和c.

目的forshort-weight譯文：貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi)，買方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣方提出短重索賠。編輯課件作業(yè)〔拆句〕Inordertofacilitatebusinessinconsiderationofthepresentmonetarystringency〔銀根緊〕,thecorporation,onbehalfofwhichIamstudyingthisproposition,iswillingtobasetransactionontradebybarter〔易貨貿(mào)易〕andwouldimportanyarticles,whichyouwouldshiptotheUnitedStates.直譯：為便于交易，考慮到最近銀根很緊，本人正在研究這筆交易所代表的公司希望以易貨貿(mào)易為根底進(jìn)行交易，并進(jìn)口你方能運(yùn)到美國(guó)的任何商品。拆句組合后：最近銀根很緊，為謀求達(dá)成交易，本人代表公司正在研究如何做成這筆交易。我們希望以易貨貿(mào)易為根底，進(jìn)口你方能運(yùn)到美國(guó)的任何商品。編輯課件2.Heisagoodobserver.

3.AccesstotheInternetisverysimple.

Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.

火箭已經(jīng)用來(lái)探索宇宙。他善于觀察。

上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很簡(jiǎn)單。Nylonisnearlytwiceasstrongasnaturalsilk.

尼龍的強(qiáng)度尼龍的強(qiáng)度幾乎是天然絲的兩倍。2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法編輯課件

將英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，譯文更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因?yàn)榕c英語(yǔ)相比，漢語(yǔ)句子中動(dòng)詞用得多，除了大量的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)外，還有很多連動(dòng)式、兼語(yǔ)式等兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞連用的現(xiàn)象。因此，英語(yǔ)中不少詞類，如名詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等在英譯漢時(shí)往往需要進(jìn)行一定的調(diào)整，轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)然，英語(yǔ)的名詞化和漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞化并不排除在英譯漢時(shí)把英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語(yǔ)的名詞，再如：美國(guó)與德國(guó)汽車制造商在歐洲市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)得異常劇烈，迫使我們不得不改變投資方案?！灿⒄Z(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞〕ExtremelykeencompetitionbetweenAmericanandGermanvehiclemanufacturersintheEuropeanmarkethascompelledustochangeourinvestmentplan.

編輯課件AgovernmentreporttargetsearningsfromindustryatUS$200billionby2021.Thecostofmakinggoodscanbedrasticallyloweredbymeansofmass-production.

政府的一份報(bào)告提出一個(gè)指標(biāo)：到2021年，要使工業(yè)收入到達(dá)2000億美元?！灿⒄Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)名詞〕通過(guò)批量生產(chǎn)可以大幅度降低生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的本錢?！灿⒄Z(yǔ)介詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞〕BeforeWorldWarIIthemostsuccessfulattempttoreducetariffsbyreciprocalbargainingwasthetradeagreementsprogramoftheUnitedStates,whichwaslimited,however,byitsbilateralnature.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，通過(guò)互相談判降低關(guān)稅的最成功的努力是美國(guó)的貿(mào)易協(xié)定方案，但是這一方案受其雙邊性質(zhì)的限制。〔英語(yǔ)代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)名詞〕編輯課件Advertisingaffectstremendouslyeverysphereofmodernlife.

Thefairpriceconnectedwiththesuperiorityofvarietiesofourproductswillbeabletoguaranteeourcompetitiveedgeintheinternationalmarket.廣告對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的方方面面產(chǎn)生極大的影響?！灿⒄Z(yǔ)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞〕我方各種各樣的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格公平，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，能夠確保在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。〔英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞〕。編輯課件Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatthenewproductsofyourshaveenteredtheinternationalmarkets.我榮幸地告訴你，貴公司的新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)打入了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。〔名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞〕LinZexubelievedthatasuccessfulbanofthetradeinopiummustbeprecededbythedestructionofthedrugitself.

林那么徐認(rèn)為，要成功地禁止鴉片，就得首先把鴉片焚毀?！残稳菰~+名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞+動(dòng)詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞〕1.Malesandfemalesareequalintheirrighttoinheritance.

〔形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞；介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞〕繼承權(quán)男女平等。編輯課件Theremustbelessemptytalkandmorehardwork.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.〔名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞〕一定要少說(shuō)空話，多做工作?！残稳菰~＋名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞＋動(dòng)詞〕二十年來(lái)我們坐視原材料價(jià)格下跌與工業(yè)品價(jià)格暴漲〔的情況〕。編輯課件Amplification(增詞法)3.增減法〔Amplification&Pruning〕

Byamplificationwemeansupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworksoastomaketheversioncorrectandclear,tomakeitmorelikethelanguagetranslatedinto.Ofcoursewordsthussuppliedmustbeindispensableeithersyntacticallyorsemantically.Inotherwords,atranslatorisnotsupposedtoaddanymeaningtotheoriginal.Therearetwokinds:1)Wordsforsyntacticconstruction—tosecurecorrectness,2)Wordssuppliedforsemanticcompletion—tosecureclearness.Bothaimatmakingtheversionexpressiveandreadilyunderstoodbythereader.編輯課件◆增詞法〔Amplification〕：增補(bǔ)同義詞增補(bǔ)范疇詞增補(bǔ)產(chǎn)品名稱編輯課件晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后公報(bào)。2.Ourproductisindeedcheapandfine.我們的產(chǎn)品物美價(jià)廉。

3.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫作使人準(zhǔn)確。

WarmupIntheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.編輯課件增補(bǔ)同義詞

增詞法TheinnovationofproductsisoneofthereformmeasuresoftheSOEsbecauseitcandecreaseloss,costandbudget.產(chǎn)品的革新是國(guó)企改革措施之一，因?yàn)樗梢詼p少損失、降低本錢并削減預(yù)算。如果直譯成：“產(chǎn)品的革新是國(guó)企改革措施之一，因?yàn)樗梢詼p少損失、本錢和預(yù)算。〞那么，句中的“減少〞和“本錢〞的搭配就不妥當(dāng)，所以有必要增補(bǔ)相應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)詞匯。編輯課件practiceInvestorconfidenceiscrucialtothesuccessofoureconomicsystem.投資者的信心對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的成功運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.買賣雙方正忙于交易磋商，合約談判和匯票議付。如果直譯為：“買賣雙方正忙于交易，合約和匯票的磋商。〞那么，“磋商〞和“合約〞及“匯票〞的搭配也不準(zhǔn)確，因此，需要譯者根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的搭配習(xí)慣做出增補(bǔ)。編輯課件增補(bǔ)范疇詞在英譯漢過(guò)程中考慮到漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常增加的范疇詞有：方法、措施、情況、情緒、狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)象、方面、問題、關(guān)系、工作等。Thechangesofrequirementsforthecommoditiesinthemarketareaffectedbytheinternalandexternalfactors.影響市場(chǎng)對(duì)商品需求的變化情況有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面的因素。如果直譯就是：影響市場(chǎng)對(duì)商品需求的變化有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面。但假設(shè)添加范疇詞“情況〞、“方面〞等來(lái)修飾相應(yīng)的抽象名詞，changes和factors更加具體、明確，符合漢語(yǔ)的修辭需要。編輯課件practiceThetensionintheMiddleEasthasattractedmuchattention.

中東的緊張局勢(shì)已引起了全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。Thetermsofthecontractmustbeclear,definite,certainandcomplete.合同條款必須書寫清楚、意思明確、語(yǔ)氣肯定、內(nèi)容完備。

Unlesstheseissuesareaddressedasamatterofurgency,theconsequentde-motivationofstaffwillundoubtedlyhaveanegativeimpactontheperformanceofthecompany.如果這些問題得不到緊急解決，員工隊(duì)伍中隨之出現(xiàn)的消極怠工情緒無(wú)疑將對(duì)公司的整個(gè)運(yùn)營(yíng)業(yè)績(jī)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。編輯課件

混亂局面

飽和狀態(tài)

廢物回收利用準(zhǔn)備工作

管理部門

冗員，多余信息

補(bǔ)救措施

解決方案

修改方案

有利地位

落后狀態(tài)

.confusionsaturationrecyclingpreparationmanagementredundancyremediessolutionmodificationadvantagebackwardness編輯課件

說(shuō)服工作

緊張局勢(shì)

自滿情緒

瘋狂行為

敵對(duì)態(tài)度褻瀆行為軍事,政治,經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面

.persuasiontensionarrogancemadnessantagonismprofanitymilitarily,politicallyandeconomically編輯課件增補(bǔ)產(chǎn)品名稱詞義對(duì)于英文中缺失的產(chǎn)品名稱，翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)要根據(jù)具體情況增補(bǔ)出來(lái)。如：Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat.社會(huì)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法那么付出的代價(jià)，猶如它為廉價(jià)的舒適家用商品和高檔消費(fèi)品的代價(jià)一樣巨大。comfort和luxury都是抽象名詞，但在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)后，詞義就具體化了。否那么該句就會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的誤譯：社會(huì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法那么付出的代價(jià)猶如它為廉價(jià)的舒適和奢侈付出的代價(jià)一樣巨大。編輯課件ThefiveToyota,twentyHitachiandthirtyFujiXeroxhavelongbeenreadyforshipment,butshipmentcannotbeeffectedbecauseofthelatearrivalofyourL/C.

5輛豐田牌汽車，20臺(tái)日立牌電視機(jī)和30臺(tái)富士施樂牌復(fù)印機(jī)早已備妥待運(yùn)，但因你方信用證延遲到達(dá)，貨物不能按期裝運(yùn)。

原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都為世界知名品牌，在翻譯時(shí)要按漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法把他們的產(chǎn)品名稱補(bǔ)充完整，才能使譯文具體明了。編輯課件4.減詞法〔Omissionorpruning〕

toleaveoutsomeunnecessarywords.OneofthedifferencesinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChineseisthedisparityinwording.Whatisregardedasanaturalorindispensableelementinonelanguagemayberegardedassuperfluousoreven“astumblingblock〞intheother.Forthesakeofsuccinctness,functionalwordsinEnglishsuchasthearticle,theprepositionareusuallyomittedintranslation.Seeexamples:編輯課件Adifferencearosebetweentheneighborsovertheheightofthefence.鄰居之間為了籬笆的高度惹起了一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論。鄰居為籬笆的上下有過(guò)爭(zhēng)論。〔思果，?譯道探微?，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司，2002〕P149。Fightwhenyoucanwin;moveawaywhenyoucannotwin.打得贏就打;打不贏就走。編輯課件ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainMay.Iwasdelightedwhen,asaresultoftheeffortofyourcompany,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.原打算五月份訪華，后不得不推遲，深感失望。由于貴公司的努力，訪問這么快得以重新安排，非常快樂。減詞是指將原文中需要、而譯文中又不需要的詞語(yǔ)省去。減省的詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)是那些在譯文中保存下來(lái)反而使行文累贅嚕嗦、且不合漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的詞語(yǔ)。減詞一般用于以下兩種情況：一是從語(yǔ)法角度進(jìn)行減?。欢菑男揎椊嵌冗M(jìn)行減省，但總體效果無(wú)非是在更透徹地理解原文根底上更流暢地表達(dá)出來(lái)。編輯課件Ateachershouldhavepatienceinhiswork.

Theproductsshouldbesampledtochecktheirqualitybeforetheyleavethefactory.Iframedthewordsinmymind,“Pardonme,buthaveIdonesomethingtooffendyou?〞〔省略冠詞〕當(dāng)老師的應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心?！彩÷怨谠~〕產(chǎn)品出廠前應(yīng)該進(jìn)行抽樣質(zhì)檢?！彩÷越樵~和名詞〕我心里在嘀咕：“對(duì)不起，我有什么舉止行為冒犯你了嗎？〞Withtheweathersostuffy,tentooneit’llrainpresently.

天這樣悶，很可能就要下雨了。Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.

〔省略介詞〕報(bào)考大學(xué)的人中，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)先錄取。編輯課件Unlessyouproposesomethingdefinitetogetherwithlargerimprovementonyourprice,wearenotinclinedtoplacealargeorder.Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcauseorreason.Delivery

mustbeeffected

withinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder.Wetookthisopportunitytoinformyouthatwearenowinapositiontomakeapromptshipmentofthe

merchandise.作業(yè)編輯課件Unlessyouproposesomethingdefinitetogetherwithlargerimprovementonyourprice,wearenotinclinedtoplacealargeorder.除非你方提供具體建議，并較大幅度地降低價(jià)格，否那么，我們是不會(huì)大批訂貨的。Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcauseorreason.雙方均不得無(wú)故解除合同。Delivery

mustbeeffected

withinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder.必須在購(gòu)貨單規(guī)定的時(shí)間交貨。Wetookthisopportunitytoinformyouthatwearenowinapositiontomakeapromptshipmentofthe

merchandise.茲奉告，該商品可即期裝運(yùn)。作業(yè)編輯課件重復(fù)法〔repetition〕Weshouldlearnhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何分析問題和解決問題。Thebigcompanyhasitsdisadvantages.大企業(yè)有大企業(yè)的難處。Managingmultinationalsmeanshandlingbothnationalandorganizationalculturedifferencesatthesametime.管理跨國(guó)公司意味著要同時(shí)處理民族文化差異與組織文化差異。編輯課件Hebecameano