2023-2024學(xué)年廣東省廣州市高三上學(xué)期8月階段訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)試卷 （B）（解析版）

2024屆廣州市高三年級(jí)階段訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、試室號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。并在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上填涂考生號(hào)。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上，如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThingstoDoinNorthernIrelandThisAutumnWEEBINNIANWALKINGFESTIVAL(SEPTEMBER)Theexactdatesofthisannualwalkingfestivalarestilltobeconfirmed,butifit’ssimilartolastyear,it’llofferachoiceoftenwalksandhikesaroundtheMourneMountains,rangingfromeasierlowlandroutestotough,multi-summitchallenges.Eveningsocialeventsarealsoincluded.GREATNORTHLINKSCHALLENGE(18-20OCTOBER)Callingallgolfers.Youcanenterthisthree-dayevent-spreadalongthenorthcoastbetweenBallyliffin,PortruthandPortstewart,asanindividualorteamoffour.AperfectopportunitytoplaythreeIrishOpenlinkscoursesinthreedays.ARMAGHFOODANDCIDERWEEKEND(SEPTEMBER)Afour-dayfeastofauthenticfoodandartisanciders(蘋果酒)inIreland’s“OrchardCounty”.Thiscelebrationisalsocoupledwiththetraditionalappleharvest.Youcantastelocalfoodfromthecountry’smostinventivechefs.OULDLAMMASFAIR(LASTWEEKOFAUGUST)PeoplehavebeenflockingtotheseasidetownofBallycastlesincethe17thcenturytocelebratethisfair.AttractionsincludeaHeavyHorseShow,horsespeedeventsonthebeach,funfair,outdoorconcertandafireworksdisplay,aswellasuniquelocalproduceandhandmadeartsandcrafts.1.WhatisthebestdatetoarriveifyouwanttoattendGREATNORTHLINKSCHALLENGE?A.17thOctober. B.18thAugust. C.20thOctober. D.1stSeptember.2.WhatcanpeopledoatthetownofBallycastle?A.Playgolf. B.Gohiking. C.Watchhorseraces. D.Tasteappleciders.3.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanweprobablyreadthistext?A.Tourism. B.Sports. C.Education. D.Arts.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了今年秋天在北愛(ài)爾蘭可做的事情?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GREATNORTHLINKSCHALLENGE(18-20OCTOBER)”可知，大北路挑戰(zhàn)在10月18日至20日之間舉行。再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，如果你想?yún)⒓哟蟊甭诽魬?zhàn)賽，10月17日是到達(dá)的最佳日期。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“PeoplehavebeenflockingtotheseasidetownofBallycastlesincethe17thcenturytocelebratethisfair.AttractionsincludeaHeavyHorseShow,horsespeedeventsonthebeach,funfair,outdoorconcertandafireworksdisplay,aswellasuniquelocalproduceandhandmadeartsandcrafts.(自17世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們就蜂擁到海濱小鎮(zhèn)巴利卡斯?fàn)杹?lái)慶祝這個(gè)博覽會(huì)。吸引游客的項(xiàng)目包括重馬表演、海灘賽馬比賽、游樂(lè)場(chǎng)、戶外音樂(lè)會(huì)和煙花表演，以及獨(dú)特的當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)產(chǎn)品和手工工藝品)”可推知，人們可以在巴利卡斯?fàn)栨?zhèn)觀看賽馬。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ThingstoDoinNorthernIrelandThisAutumn”及下文介紹可知，文章介紹了今年秋天在北愛(ài)爾蘭可做的事情。由此推知，我們可以在某網(wǎng)站的旅游板塊讀到這篇文章。故選A。BAliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays—bothofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.“Havingababyunexpectedlyat41isonething;havingtwinsisawholeotherbeast,”saystheglobalentertainmenteditor.Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”InearlyAugustshetookherselftothehospital,toseeifshewasOK.Doctorsranmultipletestsandtoldherthatshehadhadananxietyattack,andshewas11weekspregnant.“Shewasstressedanddecompensated(代謝失調(diào)的),soeverythingjustcametomorethanshecouldhandleatthetime,”explainsdoctorMiriamBarnes,whobegantreatingher.“Fortunately,shetriedtobepositiveandseekhelpfrommeimmediately.Itoldhernottohaveanymedicationatthatstageandadvisedhertotakenaturaltherapy(療法).”AweeklaterQuarleslearnedthatshewashavingtwins.Butinsteadofthatnewsaddingtoheranxiety,“atotalpeacecameoverme,anditfeltlikeitallmadesense,”shesays.Quarles,whodidnottakeanymedication,returnedhometoherlovedonesinNorthCarolina,whereshegavebirthtoHudsonandHarlowonFeb.16.“There’snothinglikefamily,”shesays.“IfoundoutthroughworkingonmyselfinnaturaltherapythattherewerealotofthingsIhadn’tdealtwith.Ijustkeptgoing.”ThesedaysQuarlesusessocialmediatodocumentherjoyfulmotherhoodjourney.Quarleshasputheranxietybehindbutremainsintherapy—andwantstoencourageotherswhofeelstressedtogethelp.“AtfirstIfeltguiltyandembarrassed,”sheadmits.“Idon’tanymore.Mymessageisyoucanfalldown.Butyoucanstandup,byyourselforwiththehelpofothers.It’snotashame,andit’sablessing.”4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Safeandslow. B.Fastanddangerous.C.Excitingandterrifying. D.Gentleandcomfortable.5.WhydidQuarlesreturntoNorthCarolina?A.Togivebirthandmakesomefriends.B.Tohaveabreakandtreatheranxiety.C.Totakenaturaltherapyandstayalone.D.Tolookafterherfamilyandvisitadoctor.6.WhatdoesQuarlessuggestpeopleunderpressuredo?A.Keepstandingup. B.Falldownifneeded.C.Facewhatevercomes. D.Obtainassistancewhennecessary.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnAnxious41-year-oldMotherB.AMother’sAstonishingExperienceC.AnInterestingTasteofMotherhoodD.AMotherFightingHerMentalBreakdown【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了41歲的艾麗西亞·夸爾斯由于壓力太大，患上焦慮癥，后來(lái)得知自己懷了雙胞胎，于是夸爾斯開(kāi)始用社交媒體記錄她快樂(lè)的母親之旅?？錉査挂呀?jīng)把焦慮拋在腦后，但仍在接受治療，她想鼓勵(lì)其他感到壓力的人去尋求幫助?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays—bothofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.(這些天艾麗西亞·夸爾斯忙得不可開(kāi)交——無(wú)論是白天還是晚上)”及劃線詞下文““Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”(“我筋疲力盡，”她說(shuō)?！拔乙恢痹谧鋈莨ぷ?，做慈善，不停地工作。我擔(dān)心我的心理健康狀況會(huì)越來(lái)越差。”)”可知，夸爾斯工作繁忙，生活速度非?？?，以至于筋疲力盡。由此推知，劃線詞breakneck與Fastanddangerous(快速危險(xiǎn))意思接近。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Quarles,whodidnottakeanymedication,returnedhometoherlovedonesinNorthCarolina,whereshegavebirthtoHudsonandHarlowonFeb.16.“There’snothinglikefamily,”shesays.“IfoundoutthroughworkingonmyselfinnaturaltherapythattherewerealotofthingsIhadn’tdealtwith.Ijustkeptgoing.”(2月16日，她回到她在北卡羅來(lái)納州的親人身邊，生下了哈德森和哈洛?！皼](méi)有什么比家人更好的了，”她說(shuō)。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)自然療法對(duì)自己進(jìn)行治療，有很多事情我沒(méi)有處理過(guò)。我只是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)?！?”可推知，夸爾斯回到北卡羅來(lái)納休息一下，治療她的焦慮。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Quarleshasputheranxietybehindbutremainsintherapy—andwantstoencourageotherswhofeelstressedtogethelp.(夸爾斯已經(jīng)把焦慮拋在腦后，但仍在接受治療，她想鼓勵(lì)其他感到壓力的人去尋求幫助)”可知，夸爾斯建議有壓力的人在必要時(shí)尋求幫助。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Doctorsranmultipletestsandtoldherthatshehadhadananxietyattack,andshewas11weekspregnant.(醫(yī)生給她做了多次檢查，告訴她這是焦慮癥發(fā)作，而且她已經(jīng)懷孕11周了)”和第五段中的“Quarles,whodidnottakeanymedication,returnedhometoherlovedonesinNorthCarolina,whereshegavebirthtoHudsonandHarlowonFeb.16.“There’snothinglikefamily,”shesays.“IfoundoutthroughworkingonmyselfinnaturaltherapythattherewerealotofthingsIhadn’tdealtwith.Ijustkeptgoing.”(2月16日，她回到她在北卡羅來(lái)納州的親人身邊，生下了哈德森和哈洛?！皼](méi)有什么比家人更好的了，”她說(shuō)。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)自然療法對(duì)自己進(jìn)行治療，有很多事情我沒(méi)有處理過(guò)。我只是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)?！?”及最后一段中的“Quarleshasputheranxietybehindbutremainsintherapy—andwantstoencourageotherswhofeelstressedtogethelp.(夸爾斯已經(jīng)把焦慮拋在腦后，但仍在接受治療，她想鼓勵(lì)其他感到壓力的人去尋求幫助)”可知，文章講述了41歲的艾麗西亞·夸爾斯由于壓力太大，患上焦慮癥，后來(lái)得知自己懷了雙胞胎，于是夸爾斯開(kāi)始用社交媒體記錄她快樂(lè)的母親之旅，夸爾斯已經(jīng)把焦慮拋在腦后，并想鼓勵(lì)其他感到壓力的人去尋求幫助。由此可知，D.AMotherFightingHerMentalBreakdown(一位與精神崩潰作斗爭(zhēng)的母親)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CDesperatelyillandseekingamiracle,DavidBennettSr.tookthelastbetonJan.7.whenbebecamethefirsthumantobesuccessfullytransplantedwiththeheartofapig.“Itcreatesthebeat;itcreatesthepressure;itishisheart,”declaredBartleyGriffith,directorofthesurgicalteamthatperformedtheoperationattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter.Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation(異種移植),couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.Theearliestattemptsatxenotransplantationoforgans,involvingkidneysfromrabbits,goats,andotheranimals,occurredintheearly20thcentury,decadesbeforethefirstsuccessfulhuman-to-humantransplants.Rejection,whichoccurswhentherecipient’sbodysystemrecognizesthedonororganasaforeignobjectandattacksit,followedwithinhoursordays.Resultsimprovedaftersomespecialdrugsarrivedinthe1960s,butmostrecipientsstilldiedafterafewweeks.Therecordforaheartxenotransplantwassetin1983,whenaninfantnamedBabyFaesurvivedfor20dayswithanorganfromababoon(狒狒).Inrecentyears,however,advancesingeneeditinghaveopenedanewpossibility:re-editsomegenesinanimalstoprovideuser-friendlyspareparts.Pigscouldbeidealforthispurpose,becausethey’reeasytoraiseandreachadulthumansizeinmonths.Somebiotechcompanies.includingRevivicor,areinvestingheavilyinthefield.ThedonorpigwasofferedbyRevivicorfromalineofanimalsinwhich10geneshadbeenre-editedtoimprovetheheart’scondition.Beyondthat,thepigwasraisedinisolationandtestedregularlyforvirusesthatcouldinfecthumansordamagetheorganitself.Thismedicalbreakthroughprovidedanalternativeforthe20%ofpatientsonthehearttransplantwaitinglistwhodiewhilewaitingorbecometoosicktobeagoodcandidate.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“run”inparagraph2referto?A.Donatinghishearttoapatient.B.Performingtheheartoperation.C.Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.D.Receivinganewheartfromapig.9.Whichaspectofxenotransplantationdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?A.Itshistory. B.Itsprocedure. C.Itsconsequence. D.Itssignificance.10.Whatmakespigsidealforprovidingsparepartsinxenotransplantation?A.Theirgrowthrateandhealthcondition.B.Theirlifepatternandresistancetoviruses.C.Theireasinessofkeepingandrapidgrowth.D.Theirinvestmentvalueandnaturalqualities.11.WhywasBennett’soperationregardedasabreakthrough?A.Itintroducednewmedicationstopreventorganrejection.B.Itprovedthepotentialforusingorgansfromvariousanimals.C.Itguaranteedasufficientsupplyofdonorpigsfortransplants.D.Itofferedaprospectofreplacementorgansthroughgeneediting.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了第一個(gè)成功移植豬心臟的人，他堅(jiān)持了60天，比以往任何接受過(guò)其他物種心臟移植的病人都要長(zhǎng)得多。他的出色表現(xiàn)給人們帶來(lái)了新的希望，即，這種被稱為異種移植的手術(shù)可以幫助緩解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救數(shù)千人的生命。這一醫(yī)學(xué)突破為心臟移植等待名單上20%的患者提供了另一種選擇?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation,couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.(57歲的貝內(nèi)特堅(jiān)持了60個(gè)明天，比以往任何接受過(guò)其他物種心臟移植的病人都要長(zhǎng)得多。他的出色表現(xiàn)給人們帶來(lái)了新的希望，即這種被稱為異種移植的手術(shù)可以幫助緩解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救數(shù)千人的生命)”可知，Hisremarkablerun指的是上文提到的“57歲的貝內(nèi)特堅(jiān)持了60個(gè)明天”，即手術(shù)后活了60天。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theearliestattemptsatxenotransplantationoforgans,involvingkidneysfromrabbits,goats,andotheranimals,occurredintheearly20thcentury,decadesbeforethefirstsuccessfulhuman-to-humantransplants.Rejection,whichoccurswhentherecipient’sbodysystemrecognizesthedonororganasaforeignobjectandattacksit,followedwithinhoursordays.Resultsimprovedaftersomespecialdrugsarrivedinthe1960s,butmostrecipientsstilldiedafterafewweeks.Therecordforaheartxenotransplantwassetin1983,whenaninfantnamedBabyFaesurvivedfor20dayswithanorganfromababoon.(最早的異種器官移植嘗試發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)初，涉及兔子、山羊和其他動(dòng)物的腎臟，比第一次成功的人對(duì)人移植早了幾十年。當(dāng)受者的身體系統(tǒng)將供體器官識(shí)別為異物并對(duì)其進(jìn)行攻擊時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生排異反應(yīng)，排異反應(yīng)會(huì)在數(shù)小時(shí)或數(shù)天內(nèi)發(fā)生。20世紀(jì)60年代，一些特殊藥物問(wèn)世后，效果有所改善，但大多數(shù)接受者仍在幾周后死亡。異種心臟移植的記錄是在1983年創(chuàng)造的，當(dāng)時(shí)一個(gè)名叫“費(fèi)伊寶寶”(BabyFae)的嬰兒用狒狒的器官存活了20天)”可知，第三段主要介紹了異種移植的歷史。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Pigscouldbeidealforthispurpose,becausethey’reeasytoraiseandreachadulthumansizeinmonths.(豬可能是這個(gè)目的的理想選擇，因?yàn)樗鼈兒苋菀罪曫B(yǎng)，幾個(gè)月內(nèi)就能達(dá)到成年人的體型)”可知，豬易養(yǎng)且生長(zhǎng)速度快，是異種移植的理想供給品。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inrecentyears,however,advancesingeneeditinghaveopenedanewpossibility:re-editsomegenesinanimalstoprovideuser-friendlyspareparts.(然而，近年來(lái)，基因編輯的進(jìn)步開(kāi)辟了一種新的可能性：重新編輯動(dòng)物的一些基因，以提供用戶友好的備件)”及最后一段“Thismedicalbreakthroughprovidedanalternativeforthe20%ofpatientsonthehearttransplantwaitinglistwhodiewhilewaitingorbecometoosicktobeagoodcandidate.(這一醫(yī)學(xué)突破為20%在心臟移植等待名單上的患者提供了另一種選擇，這些患者在等待期間死亡或因病情嚴(yán)重而無(wú)法成為良好的候選者)”可推知，貝內(nèi)特的手術(shù)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)突破，因?yàn)樗峁┝送ㄟ^(guò)基因編輯替代器官的前景。故選D。DScienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.Whatdistinguishesscientificmedicineisthereadinesstoseriouslytestatreatmentandtobereadytochangeourmindsifsomethingisshownnottowork.Aresearchdoctorinamodernhospitalmustbereadytochangehistheoryifamoreeffectivewayofunderstandingillness,ortreatingit,becomesavailable.Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.AsJohnStuartMillwrotein“OnLiberty”in1859,“Thebeliefswhichwehavemostwarrant(依據(jù))for,havenosafeguardtoreston,butastandinginvitationtothewholeworldtoprovethemunfounded.”12.Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A.Toaddsomefun. B.Toexpressdoubts.C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Toprovidebackground.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A.Itcanbetimeless. B.Itcanbeimproved.C.Itisoflittlevalue. D.Itisthebestatanymoment.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfolktreatment?A.Dismissive. B.Objective. C.Pessimistic. D.Sympathetic.15.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Itisunwisetobelieveinscience.B.Toomuchuncertaintyliesinscience.C.Thefoundationofscienceisunfounded.D.Thelackofcertaintymakessciencecredible.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了盡管科學(xué)總是在變化，但是它還是值得信賴的原因?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?(那么，如果科學(xué)總是在變化，為什么它是值得信賴的呢？如果明天我們看到的世界不再像牛頓或愛(ài)因斯坦發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，我們?yōu)槭裁匆J(rèn)真對(duì)待今天對(duì)世界的科學(xué)描述呢？)”及下文論述可推知，作者在第一段中提出了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是為了引入文章話題。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(答案很簡(jiǎn)單：因?yàn)樵谖覀儦v史的任何時(shí)刻，這種對(duì)世界的描述都是我們擁有的最好的描述。它可以變得更好這一事實(shí)不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具這一事實(shí))”可知，今天對(duì)世界的科學(xué)描述還可以改進(jìn)。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.(考慮一下民間治療師的草藥。我們能說(shuō)這種治療是“科學(xué)的”嗎？是的，如果它被證明是有效的，即使我們不知道它為什么有效。事實(shí)上，今天使用的許多常用藥物都起源于民間治療，我們?nèi)匀徊淮_定它們是如何起作用的。這并不意味著民間療法通常是有效的。相反，許多民間療法并非如此)”可知，作者既陳述了民間治療的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又提到了不足。由此推知，作者對(duì)民間治療持客觀態(tài)度。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.(現(xiàn)代科學(xué)之所以具有獨(dú)特的力量，是因?yàn)樗芙^相信自己已經(jīng)掌握了終極真理?？茖W(xué)的可靠性不是建立在確定的基礎(chǔ)上，而是建立在完全不確定的基礎(chǔ)上)”可知，第四段主要論述了缺乏確定性使得科學(xué)可信。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyourteenagersgettingenoughsleep?It’sthekeytoexamsuccess.Iftheysleepwell,theywillbemorelikelytoperformbetter.Herearesomepracticalwaysyoucanhelpthem.___16___Parentsshouldavoidfallingasleeponthesofaintheeveningsorusingtechdeviceswhenit’slate.Committoyourownbedtimeroutinesothatyourteenagercanbeyourfollower.Workoutexactlyhowmuchsleeptheyneed.Teenagersshouldaimforbetweeneightandtenhours’sleepanight,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganisation.___17___Maybeit’seight,ormaybeit’snine.Butthosewhogetlessthansevenhoursmostnightsarenotgettingenough.Establishawind-down(放松)routine.Oncetheyknowhowmuchsleepthey’reaimingfor,helpthemtoachievethisbynegotiatinga30to60-minutewind-downroutinebeforetheygotobed,atthesametimeeverynight.___18___Letthemhaveaweekendlie-in.Enableyourchildrentogetupaslateastheycan,sparingthemthemorningchores.___19___Troublingteenagersoutofbedatweekendsworksagainsttheirsleeppattern.___20___Theywillrewardyoumore.A.Leadbyexample.B.Letyourteenagershavemoresleep.C.Halfanhourofexercisecanexcitetheirbody.D.Buttheexactamountofsleepyourteenagerneedsisunique.E.Gettinguplateoccasionallywillimprovetheirworkefficiency.F.Onstudy-leavedaysanextrahourinbedwillhelpthemconcentratebetter.G.Abathwillbringthebodytemperaturedownadegreewhichisidealforsleep.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.F20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些可以幫助青少年保證睡眠充足的實(shí)用方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Parentsshouldavoidfallingasleeponthesofaintheeveningsorusingtechdeviceswhenit’slate.Committoyourownbedtimeroutinesothatyourteenagercanbeyourfollower.(父母應(yīng)該避免晚上在沙發(fā)上睡著，或者在很晚的時(shí)候使用科技設(shè)備。保證你自己的就寢時(shí)間，這樣你的孩子就會(huì)成為你的追隨者)”可知，本段主要講述了父母應(yīng)該做孩子的好榜樣。由此可知，A.Leadbyexample.(以身作則)適合作本段主旨句，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Workoutexactlyhowmuchsleeptheyneed.Teenagersshouldaimforbetweeneightandtenhours’sleepanight,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganisation.(算出他們到底需要多少睡眠。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議，青少年每晚應(yīng)該保證8到10個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠)”可知，本段主要講述青少年需要的睡眠時(shí)間。由此可知，D.Buttheexactamountofsleepyourteenagerneedsisunique.(但是你的青少年需要的確切睡眠時(shí)間是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Establishawind-down(放松)routine.Oncetheyknowhowmuchsleepthey’reaimingfor,helpthemtoachievethisbynegotiatinga30to60-minutewind-downroutinebeforetheygotobed,atthesametimeeverynight.(建立一個(gè)逐漸放松的例行程序。一旦他們知道了自己想要的睡眠時(shí)間，就可以在每晚睡覺(jué)前的同一時(shí)間安排30到60分鐘的放松時(shí)間來(lái)幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo))”可知，本段主要講述睡前安排一些放松時(shí)間。由此可知，G.Abathwillbringthebodytemperaturedownadegreewhichisidealforsleep.(洗澡可以使體溫降低一度，這是睡眠的理想條件)屬于一種放松方式，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Letthemhaveaweekendlie-in.Enableyourchildrentogetupaslateastheycan,sparingthemthemorningchores.(讓他們周末睡個(gè)懶覺(jué)。讓你的孩子盡可能晚起，讓他們少做早上的家務(wù))”可知，本段主要講述學(xué)習(xí)休假的日子里，讓孩子多休息。由此可知，F(xiàn).Onstudy-leavedaysanextrahourinbedwillhelpthemconcentratebetter.(在學(xué)習(xí)休假的日子里，多睡一小時(shí)有助于他們更好地集中注意力)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳解】此處位于文章尾段，B.Letyourteenagershavemoresleep.(讓你的孩子有更多的睡眠)能夠照應(yīng)首段中的“Herearesomepracticalwaysyoucanhelpthem.(這里有一些實(shí)用的方法可以幫助他們)”，同時(shí)引起下文“Theywillrewardyoumore.(他們會(huì)回報(bào)你更多)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。The8-year-oldboyacrossthestreetstormedinandoutofhisownhouseveryoften.Aneighbor,WilliamDunn,___21___whatwasgoingoninhislife.SoDunnaskedhim.“Hetoldmethathedidn’thavea___22___,”saysDunn,now58,“andIrealizedtherewas___23___Icoulddoforhim.”Thatsomethingwas___24___,apassionDunn’sfatherhadsharedwithhim.Dunnhastakengroupsofkidsoutalmostevery___25___tofish.Mostdidn’thavefatherfiguresintheirlivesandhadneverfished.“They’dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere___26___,”Dunnsays.“Butwhentheywerefishing,allofthat___27___.Outontheboat,they’dbesmiling,andeven___28___.”Jayden,now13,hasbecomeadevotedfishermanand___29___Dunnwithhelpinghimmature.“IhopeheknowsImeanitwhenIsaythankyou,”hesays.Justas_____30_____asthefishingarethe_____31_____Dunnformswiththekids.“WhenJaydenwasgoingthrougha_____32_____periodrecentlyinstudy—IletDunnknowthathisgradesweresufferingandhehadalittletalkwithJayden,”Jayden’smothersays.Toherdelight,Jayden’sgrades_____33_____improvedinthenextexam.“Thereisnothinglikeseeinga_____34_____lightupwithasmile,”Dunnsays.“Ifeelluckyto_____35_____thateveryweekend.”21.A.revealed B.explained C.doubted D.wondered22.A.mother B.father C.brother D.sister23.A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything24.A.camping B.boating C.fishing D.running25.A.day B.month C.year D.weekend26.A.different B.difficult C.disciplined D.dynamic27.A.wentaway B.brokeout C.cameabout D.tookover28.A.studying B.sailing C.singing D.speaking29.A.charges B.entertains C.rewards D.credits30.A.important B.promising C.interesting D.complex31.A.circles B.habits C.impressions D.relationships32.A.rough B.long C.meaningful D.productive33.A.hardly B.nearly C.genuinely D.accidentally34.A.fisherman B.kid C.parent D.neighbor35.A.dream B.expect C.witness D.receive【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了善良的威廉·鄧恩幾乎每個(gè)周末都帶著一群孩子出去釣魚(yú)，他們大多數(shù)人在生活中沒(méi)有父親的形象，也從來(lái)沒(méi)有釣過(guò)魚(yú)。在釣魚(yú)的過(guò)程中，孩子們很開(kāi)心，同時(shí)鄧恩也給了這些孩子一些建議和鼓勵(lì)，這些孩子們也取得了進(jìn)步。

【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：鄰居威廉·鄧恩想知道他的生活發(fā)生了什么。A.revealed揭示；B.explained解釋；C.doubted懷疑；D.wondered想知道。根據(jù)下文“SoDunnaskedhim.”可知，鄰居威廉·鄧恩想知道他的生活發(fā)生了什么。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“他告訴我他沒(méi)有父親，”現(xiàn)年58歲的鄧恩說(shuō)，“我意識(shí)到我可以為他做點(diǎn)什么?！盇.mother母親；B.father父親；C.brother兄弟；D.sister姐姐。根據(jù)下文“Dunnhastakengroupsofkidsoutalmostevery___5___tofish.Mostdidn’thavefatherfiguresintheirlivesandhadneverfished.”可知，這個(gè)男孩沒(méi)有父親。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：“他告訴我他沒(méi)有父親，”現(xiàn)年58歲的鄧恩說(shuō)，“我意識(shí)到我可以為他做點(diǎn)什么?！盇.something某物；B.nothing什么都沒(méi)有；C.anything任何東西；D.everything一切。根據(jù)下文“Thatsomethingwas___4___,apassionDunn’sfatherhadsharedwithhim.”可知，鄧恩想為他做點(diǎn)什么，something屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那就是釣魚(yú)，這是鄧恩的父親和他共同的愛(ài)好。A.camping露營(yíng)；B.boating劃船；C.fishing釣魚(yú)；D.running跑步。根據(jù)下文“Dunnhastakengroupsofkidsoutalmostevery___5___tofish.”可知，此處指釣魚(yú)。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：鄧恩幾乎每個(gè)周末都帶著一群孩子出去釣魚(yú)。A.day天；B.month月；C.year年；D.weekend周末。根據(jù)下文“Ifeelluckyto____15____thateveryweekend.”可知，此處指幾乎每個(gè)周末，鄧恩都帶著一群孩子出去釣魚(yú)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“他們經(jīng)歷了很多，他們的生活很艱難，”鄧恩說(shuō)。A.different不同的；B.difficult艱難的；C.disciplined紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的；D.dynamic充滿活力的。根據(jù)上文“Mostdidn’thavefatherfiguresintheirlivesandhadneverfished.”及常識(shí)可知，這些孩子大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有父親，生活很艱難。故選B。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但當(dāng)他們釣魚(yú)時(shí)，所有這些都消失了。A.wentaway消失；B.brokeout爆發(fā)；C.cameabout產(chǎn)生；D.tookover接管。根據(jù)下文“Outontheboat,they’dbesmiling,andeven___8___.”可知，但當(dāng)他們釣魚(yú)時(shí)，這些孩子很開(kāi)心，那些生活的艱難都忘記了、消失了。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在船上，他們會(huì)微笑，甚至唱歌。A.studying學(xué)習(xí)；B.sailing航行；C.singing唱歌；D.speaking談話。根據(jù)上文“Outontheboat,they’dbesmiling”可知，但當(dāng)他們釣魚(yú)時(shí)，這些孩子很開(kāi)心，singing符合此處語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)年13歲的杰登已經(jīng)成為一名忠實(shí)的釣魚(yú)人，他認(rèn)為鄧恩幫助他成熟起來(lái)。A.charges控告；B.entertains使快樂(lè)；C.rewards獎(jiǎng)賞；D.credits認(rèn)為。固定搭配creditsb.withsth.“把某事歸功于某人”。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：和釣魚(yú)一樣重要的是鄧恩和孩子們之間的關(guān)系。A.important重要的；B.promising有希望的；C.interesting有趣的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指和釣魚(yú)一樣重要的是鄧恩和孩子們之間的關(guān)系。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：和釣魚(yú)一樣重要的是鄧恩和孩子們之間的關(guān)系。A.circles圓圈；B.habits習(xí)慣；C.impressions印象；D.relationships關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“Dunnformswiththekids.”可知，此處指鄧恩和孩子們之間的關(guān)系。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)杰登最近在學(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難時(shí)，我讓鄧恩知道他的成績(jī)很差，他還和杰登聊了一會(huì)兒，”杰登的母親說(shuō)。A.rough艱難的；B.long長(zhǎng)的；C.meaningful有意義的；D.productive富有成效的，多產(chǎn)的。根據(jù)下文“IletDunnknowthathisgradesweresufferingandhehadalittletalkwithJayden”可知，此處指杰登最近在學(xué)習(xí)上遇到了困難。故選A。33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令她高興的是，杰登的成績(jī)?cè)谙麓慰荚囍姓嬲岣吡?。A.hardly幾乎不；B.nearly差不多；C.genuinely真正地；D.accidentally意外地。根據(jù)上文“Toherdelight”可知，杰登的成績(jī)?cè)谙麓慰荚囍姓嬲岣吡?。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“沒(méi)有什么比看到一個(gè)孩子面帶微笑更開(kāi)心的了，”鄧恩說(shuō)。A.fisherman漁夫；B.kid孩子；C.parent父親（或母親）；D.neighbor鄰居。根據(jù)上文“Dunnhastakengroupsofkidsoutalmostevery___5___tofish.”可知，此處指看到一個(gè)孩子面帶微笑。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)周末都能見(jiàn)證這一切，我感到很幸運(yùn)。A.dream夢(mèng)見(jiàn)；B.expect預(yù)期；C.witness見(jiàn)證；D.receive接收。根據(jù)上文““Thereisnothinglikeseeinga____14____lightupwithasmile,”Dunnsays.”可知，每個(gè)周末都能見(jiàn)證一個(gè)孩子面帶微笑，我感到很幸運(yùn)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheanimatedfilmChangAnhasbecomeasurprisehit,earning___36___impressive600millionyuanattheboxofficeoftheChinesemainlandwithinjusttendaysofitsrelease.Ithasappealedtoaudiencesofallages,who___37___(enthusiastic)recitepoetryalongsidethecharactersonscreen,takingthemonafantasticjourney.ThisfilmnotonlyidentifieswiththeChinesepeoplebutalsoallowstheworld___38___(explore)therichtraditionofTangpoetryandthe“ChinesePoetryUniverse.”ThestorycentersaroundthedeepfriendshipbetweenpoetGaoShiandtheromanticpoetLiBaiofferingabrieflookintotheglorioushistoryoftheTangera,___39___isknownforitseconomicprosperityandculturaladvancement.The48Tangpoems___40___(feature)inthemoviepresentaviewofthemostexcellentpoetsofthattimeaswellastheirpoliticalambitionsandideals.Thesepoemstransportaudiences___41___sandydesertstomist-filledregionsalongtheYangtzeRiver.ChangAnisundoubtedlyamasterpiecethatshowstheunique___42___(characteristic)ofChineseculturetotheworld.InChina,poetsandtheirpoems___43___(consider)nationaltreasures.Thesepoemsdescribenotonlythehistoricalchangesofadynasty,butalso___44___(people)understandingoftheworld.Thefilmhasraisedtheaudiences’____45____(aware)andenhancedtheirloveandbeliefinChineseculture.【答案】36.an37.enthusiastically38.toexplore39.which40.featured41.from42.characteristics43.areconsidered44.people’s45.awareness【解析】