2022年6月全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

2022年6月全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic

ofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast

120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫

2.出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為…

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthe

passage.

CaughtintheWeb

Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15

hoursperdayonline.She*dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternet

datingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms-leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.

Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittook

near-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehada

problem.

"Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart-kindofslipping

intoadepression/1saidCarla.MIknewthatifIdidn*tgetoffthedatingsites,I*djust

keepgoing/*detaching(使脫離)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe*sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted”totheInternetShe*snot

alone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn*tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesin

2

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

medicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterfor

overusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There*sstillnoconsensusonhowmuch

timeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgetting

moreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedto

bethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatric

AssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnostic

manual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeople

discussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.

"There'snoquestionthatthere*repeoplewho*reseriouslyintroublebecause

they*reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement/*saidpsychiatrist（精神科醫(yī)生）Ivan

Goldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,is

moreskeptical.nTheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid.nYoucan*tbeaddictedto

theenvironment.**Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,

whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansin

placeoftimespentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephone

surveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2022survey,thisonewasconductedby

StanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"their

relationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedto

concealHnonessentialInternetuse/*andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedby

theInternetwhenoffline.**

About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost

14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysata

time."

"TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanford

professor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They're

onlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimited

toporn（色情）orgambling**websites.

3

ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonline

but“intermsoflosses/*saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."If

ifsaloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreaking

downasaresult,thenifstoomuch.”

Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreat

heavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryand

theCenterforInternetBehavior.

ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychological

symptomsofcomputeraddiction:

?Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

?Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

?Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

?Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.

?Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

?Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

?Problemswithschoolorjob.

Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poor

personalhygiene（衛(wèi)生）andsleepdisturbances.

PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveother

mooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,

theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersaMsenseofbelonging,andescape,

excitement|and|fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief...becausetheyfind

themselvessorelaxed.n

SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internet

gainersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromalloverthe

world.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposters

complainingofangamingaddiction.**

AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,plays

WorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothing

comparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewas

4

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

incollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干預(yù)),inwhich

relativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.

"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein”withonline

gaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverything

thatwasaconstantintheirlives.*1Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgaming

addictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck.**

ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.In

August,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahoo

Internetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:nIhaveanInternetAddiction."

“Pmself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingto

accomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"she

wroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetoget

professionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押貸款)andfacelosing

everything.**

Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonher

Internetuse.nIhaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"she

saidbyphonelastweek.HIfsalotbetternow."

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeonthe

Internet?

A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.

B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.

C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

D)Peoplehavenlyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

6

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople

A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsidered

excessiveif.

A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmay

feel?

A)discouraged

B)pressured

C)depressed

D)puzzled

6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?

A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.

B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.

C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto

7

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

A)improvehisonlinegamingskills

B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming

C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming

D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe,

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn*taffordtoseek

10.Nowthatshe*sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthe

pause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),and

decidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket

8

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.

C)Themanneedn*tgoshoppingeveryweek.

D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.

13.A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.

B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.

C)Tidyuptheplace.

D)Holdaparty.

14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.

B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.

C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.

D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.

15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.

B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.

C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.

D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.

16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.

B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.

C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.

D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.

17.A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson*slectures.

B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson*srequirements.

C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson*slecturesboring.

D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson*sclass.

9

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

18.A)Checktheircomputerfiles.

B)Makesomecomputations.

C)Studyacomputerprogram.

D)Assembleacomputer.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.

B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.

C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.

D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.

20.A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.

B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.

C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.

D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.

21.A)Inahospital.

B)Atacoffeeshop.

C)Atalaundry.

D)Inahotel.

22.A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.

B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.

C)Planningeverythinginadvance.

D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.

B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.

io

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.

D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.

24.A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.

B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.

C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.

D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.

25.A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.

B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.

C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.

D)Makedonationswhennecessary.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissectionfyouwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Districtmanagers.

B)Regularcustomers.

C)Salesdirectors.

D)Seniorclerks.

27.A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.

11

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.

C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.

D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.

28.A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.

B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.

C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.

D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.

29.A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.

B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.

C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.

D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.

B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.

C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.

D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.

31.A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.

B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.

C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.

D)Youcan*ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.

32.A)Demandapromptresponse.

B)Provideallthedetails.

12

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

C)Senditbyexpressmail.

D)Sticktothepoint

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Fashiondesigner

B)Architect

C)Cityplanner.

D)Engineer.

34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.

B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.

C)Workflexiblehours.

D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.

35.A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.

B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.

C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.

D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissectionyyouwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageis

readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.When

thepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthe

blanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.

Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave

justheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally9when

13

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

thepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,

more(36),lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)

thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(機(jī)敏的),persistentand(38)

thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling-or,unlessheisvery(39)andvery

lucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)

withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)

instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)than

anythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdonefor

years.Hehassolvedthe(43)oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit-babiesdon*t

evenknowthatlanguageexists-and(44)

____________________________________________?Hehasdoneitbyexploring,

byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)

____________________________________________untilitdoeswork.Andwhile

hehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)

____________________________________________,andmanythataremore

complicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselect

onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemark

thecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.Fo-maynotuse。犯ofthewordsinthebankmore

14

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

thanonce.

Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones-thekindof

high-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.

ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe_47wasteful

totearthemalldownand_48__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountof

energyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakean

averageof65yearsforthe_49__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometo

makeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest_50_,the

greenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfof

U.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51ourhomes,officesand

otherbuildings.nYoucan*tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexisting

buildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust

Withsome_52_,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Houses

builtbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,

mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat_53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.

Fortunately,therearea_54numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreen

olderhomes,from_55__oneslikeLincoln*sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.And

efficiencyupgrades(升級(jí))cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp__56__

propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.

A)accommodationsE)expandI)protectM)shifted

B)clumsyF)historicJ)reducedN)supplying

C)doubtfulG)incrediblyK)replaceO)vast

D)exceptionsH)poweringL)sense

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

15

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

choicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhere

youaregoing,howfastyou*retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneis

functioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseem

likesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComoros

IslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2022,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifying

whatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine（潛水艇）detectedthedevice*s

homingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddetermining

thecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorder

thatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirst

modeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby

1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevice

wascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane-thearealeastsubject

toimpact-fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells（起落架艙）.Thesameyear,

theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractually

black,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots*

conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesand

otheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraffsfinal

moments.Placedinaninsulated（隔絕的）caseandsurroundedbya

quarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceand

temperaturesupto2,000°F.Whensubmerged,they*realsoabletoemitsignalsfrom

16

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

depthsof20,000ftExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,which

crashednearBrazilonJune1,2022,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssay

they*restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast

30years,onlyoneplane*sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.

D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.

B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D)Theearlymodelsdidn*tprovidetheneededdata.

60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorange

oryellow?

A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.

B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.

C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.

D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.

17

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.

C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.

D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturn

negativethoughtslikenIneverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Ican

succeed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Isthere

powerinpositivethinking

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychological

Sciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavethe

oppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy*sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterloo

andElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolder

researchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,

theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.Ifyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthe

potentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,a

teamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowrite

essaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfor

theirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students*self-esteem.

Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfour

minutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,they

weresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."

Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn*tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.In

18

全國大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試直題

fact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrol

group,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治療)that

urgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.In

thefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(靜思)

techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,more

realisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.

B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.

C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

64Whatdoestheauthormeanbyyou'rejustunderlininghisfaults**(Line4,

Para.3)?

A)Youarenottakinghis