2022-2023學(xué)年湖南省名校聯(lián)盟高三5月沖刺壓軸大聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三5月沖刺壓軸大聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Findmorematerials. B.Communicatewithothers. C.Signupforanonlinecourse.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:IjustdecidedtotakeaFrenchcourseonline.Icanstudyatanytime,andgetthematerialsfromalmostanycomputerintheworld.M:Thatisgreat.ButIthinkcommunicationisalsoimportantforlearningaforeignlanguage.2.WhichclasswillthespeakershavenextMonday?A.Biology. B.Chemistry. C.English.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:ThebiologyclassnextMondaywillbereplacedbyachemistryclass.M:Thatisawful.I’mnotpreparedforthat.W:Meneither.IwishwecouldhaveanEnglishclass.3.Whatkindofsymptomdoesthewomanhaveaftergettingashot?A.Asorethroat. B.Headaches. C.Musclepains.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Didyougetvaccinated?W:I’mstillwaitingformysecondshot.M:Doesthishaveanysideeffects?Iheardthatsomeonemighthavesymptomslikemusclepains,chills,headaches,ortiredness.W:Yes,Ihaveamildsymptom—asorethroat.Butthatdoesn’treallymatter.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheman’sidea?A.Great. B.Serious. C.Unrealistic.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:I’mgoingtothepartyatCarol’shouse.W:Youcan’tbeserious!We’vegottwotestsatschooltomorrow.5.HowmuchwoulditcosttostayattheSwissChaletforaweek?A.100dollars. B.115dollars. C.126dollars.〖答案〗B〖解析〗M:Whereareyougoingonvacationthissummer?W:I’veheardaboutaniceplacecalledtheSwissChalet.It’s18dollarsadayor115dollarsaweek.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Inabank. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inahotel.7.Howwillthemanpayfortheservice?A.Bycreditcard. B.ByWeChatPay. C.Incash.〖答案〗6.B7.C〖解析〗M:Excuseme.IthinkI’mreadytogo.W:Yes,canIgetanythingelseforyou?M:No,thanks.IthinkI’lljusthavethechecknow.W:Alright.Butpleasekeepinmindthatweonlytakecash.M:Ohno,Ionlyhavemycreditcard.Don’tyouacceptanyonlinepaymentlikeWeChatPay?W:No,sir.ButthereisanATMrightnextdoor.M:OK.I’llgetsomemoney.W:That’sfine.I’llgiveyouthecheckwhenyoucomeback.M:Allright.Thankssomuch.W:Noproblem.Ihopeyouenjoyedyourmeal.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatmainlycausesthewoman’sretirement?A.Herage. B.Herinjury. C.Herkid.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutgivingupdancinginpublic?A.Sad. B.Satisfied. C.Hesitant.〖答案〗8.C9.A〖解析〗M:So,Maria,isittrueyou’regoingtoretiresoon?W:Yes.I’mgoingtobethirty-fivesoon,soit’sgettingharderandharderformephysically,andI’mstillrecoveringfromthatlastbackinjuryIhad.Butthemainreason’sthatIneedtospendtimewithmylittleboy.He’sonlytwoandhe’sgrowingupsofast.Idon’twanttomissit.M:Soyoudon’tenjoybeingontouranymore?W:It’snotthatIdon’tenjoy.It’sjustnotpracticalanymore.It’llactuallybreakmyhearttogiveupdancinginpublic.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenCarolandLeo?A.Colleagues. B.Husbandandwife. C.Salespersonandcustomer.11.WhatdoesLeoprobablywanttobuy?A.Asofa. B.Acupboard. C.Officesupplies.12.WhatwillCaroldonext?A.Goshopping. B.Attendameeting. C.Makeaphonecall.〖答案〗10.B11.C12.B〖解析〗W:LeoandIneedalotofstufftofurnishourhouse,butwedon’tknowwheretobuythethings.Couldyougivemesomeadvice,David?M:Sure,Carol.Whatkindofthingsdoyouneed?W:Well,wehavemostofthefurniturealready,likeasofa,adinnertable,acupboard,andbeds.ButLeowantstousethesmallbedroomasanoffice.M:AsforLeo,heshouldgotoanofficesupplystore.There’saverygoodonecalledOfficeDepot.Ithaseverythinghewillneedandthepricesarereasonable.W:Thanks.IwillcallLeolaterandtellhimtopickmeupafterwork.Oh,it’stimeforourmeeting.Let’sgorightnow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Howmuchdidthemanpayforthereturnticket?A.$20. B.$30. C.$40.14.Howdidthemangethistickettoday?A.Fromtheticketoffice. B.Fromtheticketmachine. C.FromtheInternet.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthetrain?A.Itwaslatetoday. B.It’simprovedalot. C.Itservesexpensivefoodanddrinks.16.Whatwasthemansatisfiedwithtoday?A.Theticketingservice. B.Thetrainschedule. C.Thenetworksignal.〖答案〗13.B14.C15.A16.C〖解析〗W:CanIaskwhatkindofticketyoubought?Iassumeitwasn’taseasonticket.M:That’sright.No,Ijustgotanormalreturnticket.Idon’thavearailcardsoIdidn’tgetanydiscount.W:Yes,you’dhavesaved40%onyourtickettoday.Thesingleticketis$20.Soyoupaidthefullpriceforyourreturnticket?M:Ipaid$30.W:Doyouusuallybuyyourticketsatthestation?M:Well,IdousuallybuttheticketofficeclosesearlyandIhateusingticketmachines.Ithinkticketofficesshouldbeopenforlongerhours.There’salwaysaqueueforthemachinesandthey’reoftenoutoforder.SoIgotane-ticketonline.W:And,isthereanythingyouweren’tsatisfiedwith?M:Well,normally,thetrainsrunontimeandareprettyreliablebuttodaytherewasadelay;thetrainwasabout15minutesbehindschedule.W:Whatwouldyousayyouweresatisfiedwithtoday?M:Well,IliketheWi-Fionthetrain.It’simprovedalot.ItmakesiteasierformetoworkifIwantto.Andthefoodanddrinksarecheaperthanbefore.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhatshouldthelistenersbringonMonday?A.Jacket. B.Sandwiches. C.Drinks.18.WhatwillthelistenersdoonTuesday?A.BiketothetopofMountLama.B.Enjoythefantasticviews.C.Cyclebacktothecamp.19.Whencanthelistenersmakeapurchase?A.OnWednesdaymorning.B.OnWednesdayafternoon.C.OnThursdayevening.20.Whoisthisspeechprobablyintendedfor?A.Musiclovers. B.Astronomers. C.Tourists.〖答案〗17.A18.C19.B20.C〖解析〗M:Hello,everyone.NowI’lltellyouaboutourtrips.OnMonday,youwillhaveaforestwalk.It’saguidedwalkofaboutsevenkilometers.There’llbeastophalfway,andyou’llbeprovidedwithadrinkandsandwiches.Therearesomefairlysteepclimbsupthehills,soyouneedtobereasonablyfitforthisoneandbringawaterproofjacketincaseitrains.ThenonTuesdayweorganizeacycletrip,whichwillgiveyouallthefunofbikingwithouttheeffort.WewilltakeyouandyourbikeuptothetopofMountLama,andleaveyoutobikebacktothecamp.OnWednesdayyou’llbetakentoafactorywherejewelryismade.Ifyouwant,youcanbuysomeofthesouvenirsbutthat’sentirelyuptoyou.Thetripstartsafterlunch,andyou’llreturnby6p.m.OnThursdaywecanoffertripstotheobservatoryforthosewhoareinterestedinastronomy.Andyou’llbeshownthehugetelescopesandanexpertwillexplainhowtheywork.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASomeInternetBuzzwordsof2022ThechosenlaborersDerivedfromtheChinesetermdagongrenwhichmeans“l(fā)aborers”or“workingpeople”,“thechosenlaborers”refertothosewhostayhealthyduringthepandemic,allowingthemtogotoworkeveryday.BegoneInaviralvideo,awomaninaparkingargumentwascaughtoncamera,stomping(跺)herfeet,wavingherarmsandrepeatedlytellingtheotherpersonto“begone”.TheoddrepetitionoftheChinesetermtuiremindedmanypeopleofatraditionalceremonytowardoffevilspirits,andthewoman’swordsquicklybecameanincantation(咒語)toprotectusersfrombadluckormisfortune.IhavenothingtosayLiterallymeaning“thankyousomuch”,thetermisnowironicallyusedbyChinesesocialmediauserstoexpress“beingspeechless”.Theyoriginallycreated“栓Q”tojokeabouttheEnglishaccentofLiuTao,afarmerwhoclaimstobeaself-taughtEnglishenthusiastonDouyin.Liuhasaccumulatedover2.6millionfollowersbysharingvideosabouthishometowninGuilin,inChineseandEnglish.OnlinemouthdoubleManynetizensfindithardtoexpressthemselvesclearly.Sowhentheyfindsomeonewhohasspokenoutonanissuetheycareaboutinamorepersuasivewayonline—suchasonatalkshow,inamediainterview,orinanonlinecomment—theycallthemtheirhulianwangzuiti,or“onlinemouthdouble”,asawaytoexpressagreementandappreciation.CyberpickleJustlikeZhacai,orpickledvegetables,asidedishonChinesedinnertables,cyberpickleistheperfecttelevisedcomfortfoodtoaccompanyanymeal.RangingfromsceneplayslikeFriendstovariousshortvideos,cyberpickleistheembodiment(體現(xiàn)，化身)ofemptycalories.21.WhatcantheChinesetermtuimakepeoplethinkof?A.Anoldceremonytopreventevilspirits.B.Awaytoescapefromsevereepidemic.C.Aconditiontokeephealthyduringthepandemic.D.Areligiousceremonythatcanpreventpeoplefrombadluck.22.Nowadays,theterm“Ihavenothingtosay”isdesignedto______.A.expressthanks B.embodyemptycaloriesC.convey“beingspeechless” D.jokeabouttheEnglishaccentofLiuTao23.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethattheviewsonChatGPTpostedontheInternetbySmitharewellreceived?A.Thechosenlaborers B.OnlinemouthdoubleC.Ihavenothingtosay D.Cyberpickle【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了2022年的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語。〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B21．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Begone部分的“TheoddrepetitionoftheChinesetermtuiremindedmanypeopleofatraditionalceremonytowardoffevilspirits,andthewoman’swordsquicklybecameanincantation(咒語)toprotectusersfrombadluckormisfortune.(中文“退”這個(gè)詞的奇怪重復(fù)讓很多人想起了一種傳統(tǒng)的辟邪儀式，這名女子的話很快就成為了一種咒語，可以保護(hù)使用者免受厄運(yùn)或不幸。)”可知，中文“退”這個(gè)詞會(huì)讓人想到一個(gè)古老的儀式，以防止邪惡的靈魂。故選A。22．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ihavenothingtosay部分的“Literallymeaning“thankyousomuch”,thetermisnowironicallyusedbyChinesesocialmediauserstoexpress“beingspeechless”.(這個(gè)詞的字面意思是“非常感謝”，現(xiàn)在被中國社交媒體用戶諷刺地用來表示“無語”。)”可知，“Ihavenothingtosay”這個(gè)詞的目的是傳達(dá)“無語”，故選C。23．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)Onlinemouthdouble部分的“Sowhentheyfindsomeonewhohasspokenoutonanissuetheycareaboutinamorepersuasivewayonline—suchasonatalkshow,inamediainterview,orinanonlinecomment—theycallthemtheirhulianwangzuiti,or“onlinemouthdouble”,asawaytoexpressagreementandappreciation.(因此，當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在網(wǎng)上以一種更有說服力的方式就他們關(guān)心的問題發(fā)表意見時(shí)，比如在脫口秀、媒體采訪或網(wǎng)上評論中，他們就稱他們?yōu)椤熬W(wǎng)絡(luò)口舌達(dá)人”，作為表達(dá)贊同和感激的一種方式。)”可知，最好地描述史密斯在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)表的關(guān)于ChatGPT的觀點(diǎn)受到歡迎的是Onlinemouthdouble，故選B。BTheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemostbeautifulestuaries(河口)intheEasternCape.It’sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalsohometoagroupofwomenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathavebeenexhibitedaroundtheworld.KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomenembroidery(刺繡)skillstohelpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,butunexpectedlyithasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.Havingbeenshownatinternationalartgalleries,manyoftheirtapestries(掛毯)arenowbeingdisplayedunderoneroofforthefirsttime,atanexhibitioninJohannesburg.Theirstorybeganin2000,whenDr.CarolHofmeyrmovedfromJohannesburgtoHamburg.Shefoundthatthetownwasstrugglingwithhighunemploymentandthatlocalwomenweredesperatetofindwaystofeedtheirfamilies.Havingstudiedembroideryherself,shehopedthatpassingonthatknowledgetolocalwomenwouldhelpempowerthem.Fromhumblebeginnings,moreandmorewomenheardabouttheprojectthroughwordofmouth.Now,over150womenarepartoftheproject.Sellingtheirworksprovidesasourceofincome,buttheprojecthasalsocreatedasupportsystemforthewomen.Initially,thewomenstartedoutsimplycreatingcushions(坐墊)andsmallhandbagstoselltotourists.Eventually,theystartedreceivingtasksforlargerpieces.Theyweregivenpanelsaboutameterinsizetoworkonathome.Byjoiningthecompletedpanelstogether,theycreatedthefirstoftheirlargeworksandoneoftheirmostcelebrated,“TheKeiskammaTapestry”,whichtellsthehistoryoftheXhosapeoplewhoweresubjugated(征服)throughcolonizationandtheXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.Anothercelebratedpieceis“TheKeiskammaAltarpiece”,whichwasproducedby130women.Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestrugglesthatelderlyXhosawomenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwodecadesago,andtheysteppedintocareforchildren.Recentartworksengagewithcontemporaryissues.“COVIDResilienceTapestry”dealswiththepandemic;“ANewEarthandOurSacredOcean”isacallforenvironmentalconsciousness.24.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toinformreadersofthesituation. B.Tobringinthetopicofthetext.C.Tointroduceanancientculture. D.Topromotethelocalartworks.25.Whatisbeyondpeople’sexpectationforKeiskammaArtProject?A.Ithelpsalotofwomen. B.Itgainsinternationalfame.C.Ithelpsdeveloplocaleconomy. D.ItsponsorsanexhibitioninJohannesburg.26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheprocessofmaking“TheKeiskammaTapestry”?A.Historical. B.Game-changing. C.Cooperative. D.Time-consuming.27.Whatdoweknowabout“TheKeiskammaAltarpiece”?A.ItshowstheXhosapeople’ssufferings. B.Itreflectsonsomecontemporaryissues.C.Itcoverssomepandemic-relatedcontent. D.Itaimstoarousetheenvironmentalawareness.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講南非Hamburg小鎮(zhèn)因科薩文化而聞名，當(dāng)?shù)氐呐總兺ㄟ^制作一些工藝品度過生活難關(guān)。〖答案〗24.B25.B26.C27.A24．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemostbeautifulestuaries(河口)intheEasternCape.It’sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalsohometoagroupofwomenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathavebeenexhibitedaroundtheworld.(南非小鎮(zhèn)漢堡坐落在東開普省最美麗的河口之一。它以其豐富的科薩文化而聞名。這里也是一群女性的家，她們創(chuàng)作了一系列非凡的藝術(shù)品，并在世界各地展出)”可知，第一段的目的是引入文章的主題。故選B。25．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomenembroidery(刺繡)skillstohelpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,butunexpectedlyithasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.(Keiskamma藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)建是為了教授當(dāng)?shù)貗D女刺繡技能，以幫助她們度過經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)困難時(shí)期，但意想不到的是，它已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)更大的項(xiàng)目)”可知，Keiskamma藝術(shù)項(xiàng)獲得了國際聲譽(yù)超出了人們的期望。故選B。26．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Byjoiningthecompletedpanelstogether,theycreatedthefirstoftheirlargeworksandoneoftheirmostcelebrated,“TheKeiskammaTapestry”,whichtellsthehistoryoftheXhosapeoplewhoweresubjugated(征服)throughcolonizationandtheXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.(通過將完成的面板連接在一起，他們創(chuàng)造了他們的第一個(gè)大型作品，也是他們最著名的作品之一，“KeiskammaTapestry”，它講述了科薩人在1776年至1876年的殖民統(tǒng)治和科薩英國邊境戰(zhàn)爭中被征服的歷史)”可知，制作“凱思卡瑪掛毯”的過程是互相合作的。故選C。27．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestrugglesthatelderlyXhosawomenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwodecadesago,andtheysteppedintocareforchildren.(這件四米高，四米寬的作品揭示了二十年前，當(dāng)科薩族的年輕人感染艾滋病毒時(shí)，年長的科薩婦女所忍受的斗爭，她們挺身而出照顧孩子)”可知，TheKeiskammaAltarpiece展示了科薩人民的苦難。故選A。CPhotosynthesis(光合作用)isauniqueskillofgreenplants—theyturnwaterandcarbondioxideintooxygenandfoodviasunlight.AgroupofChinesescientists,however,have“copied”theprocessonanimals.Tounderstandthenewbreakthrough,itisimportanttoknowhowphotosynthesisworks.Plantstakeincarbondioxideandwaterfromtheairandsoil.Withintheplantcell,thewaterisoxidized.Thistransformsthewaterintooxygenandthecarbondioxideintoglucose(葡萄糖).Theplantthenreleasestheoxygenbackintotheairandstoresenergywithintheglucosemolecules.Inthestudy,theresearchersfromZhejiangUniversitydevelopedanindependentandcontrollablephotosyntheticsystem,accordingtothestudypublishedinNatureinearlyDecember,2022.Theyseparatedthylakoids(內(nèi)囊體),apartofthecellwherelightreactionstakeplaceinplants,fromyoungspinach(菠菜)leaves.Thescientiststhenwrappedthethylakoidswiththecoverofanimalcells,whichmadetheimplantedthylakoidsmoreacceptabletoforeignbodies.Themiceusedinthestudyweresufferingfromarthritis(骨關(guān)節(jié)炎),meaningcellsintheircartilage(軟骨)haddegeneratedandcouldnotberepairedbythemselves.Withthethylakoidsimplantedintothemiceandexposedtolight,themicerecovered.Theirmetabolism(新陳代謝)returnedtonormal.Inarthritis,patientsusuallyhaveenergylosssincefewerenergy-carryingmoleculesaregenerated.Theimplant,however,cancorrecttheimbalancebystoringmoreenergyviaphotosynthesis.Theresearchersalsoclaimedthattheirtestswouldhavemedicalusage.Itcanbeusedaspartofthesolutionfordegenerativediseasesbecausethenaturalphotosynthesissystemmayrepaircells.Itmayalsodelaytheagingprocessincells.Thestudyshowed“anexcitingachievementthatopensuppossibilitiesofmetabolismengineering,”commentedoneofthepaper’sreviewersFranciscoCejudo,fromtheUniversityofSevilleinSpain,reportedXinhua.28.Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A.Whetherphotosynthesisworksonanimals.B.Howphotosynthesispreventsdegenerativediseases.C.Whydegenerativediseasesareharmful.D.Whatthescientistshavedoneforthemetabolismengineering.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“degenerated”probablymean?A.Engaged. B.Infected. C.Worsened. D.Reproduced.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Thestudyhasgreatlyfacilitatedmetabolismengineering.B.Energylosspartiallyaccountsfordegenerativediseases.C.Thetestssucceedinundergoingclinicaltrials.D.Theimplantcangeneratemoreenergy.31.Whatdoesthepaperreviewerthinkofthetests?A.Theyareinefficient. B.Theyaredemanding.C.Theyareunfounded. D.Theyarepromising.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了一個(gè)中國科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)在動(dòng)物身上“復(fù)制”了植物所特有的光合作用的全過程?！即鸢浮?8.A29.C30.B31.D28．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Photosynthesis(光合作用)isauniqueskillofgreenplants—theyturnwaterandcarbondioxideintooxygenandfoodviasunlight.AgroupofChinesescientists,however,have“copied”theprocessonanimals.(光合作用是綠色植物的一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特技能——它們通過陽光將水和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣和食物。然而，一組中國科學(xué)家在動(dòng)物身上“復(fù)制”了這一過程)”可知，本次研究主要聚焦在植物身上發(fā)生的光合作用是否也對動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的影響，故選A。29．〖解析〗詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“andcouldnotberepairedbythemselves(而且無法自行修復(fù))”可知，這些小鼠的軟骨細(xì)胞已經(jīng)退變、老化，無法自行修復(fù)。故劃線詞意思是“變差”。故選C。30．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inarthritis,patientsusuallyhaveenergylosssincefewerenergy-carryingmoleculesaregenerated.Theimplant,however,cancorrecttheimbalancebystoringmoreenergyviaphotosynthesis.(如果患有骨關(guān)節(jié)炎，由于新生的載能分子較少，患者通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生能量損失。然而，植入的類囊體可以通過光合作用儲存更多能量，扭轉(zhuǎn)這一失衡狀態(tài))”可推知，能量損失部分解釋了退行性疾病。故選B。31．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thestudyshowed“anexcitingachievementthatopensuppossibilitiesofmetabolismengineering,”commentedoneofthepaper’sreviewersFranciscoCejudo,fromtheUniversityofSevilleinSpain,reportedXinhua.(據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，來自西班牙塞維利亞大學(xué)的論文審稿人FranciscoCejudo評論說，這項(xiàng)研究顯示了“一項(xiàng)令人興奮的成就，開辟了代謝工程的可能性”)”可知，這是一項(xiàng)令人興奮的成就，開辟了代謝工程的可能性，故選D。DThere’snosingleknowncauseforautism(自閉癥),butresearchersnowpointthefingerathigherlithium(鋰)levelsindrinkingwater.TheirnewstudyfoundthatpregnantwomeninDenmarkwhosehouseholdtapwaterhadhigherlevelsoflithiumweremorelikelytohavekidswithautism,comparedtopregnantwomenlivinginareaswheretapwaterhadlowerlevelsofthiselement.“Maternalprenatal(妊娠期)exposuretolithiumfromnaturallyoccurringdrinkingwatersourcesinDenmarkwasassociatedwithanincreasedautismspectrumdisorderriskintheoffspring,”saidstudyauthorDr.BeateRitz,aprofessorofneurology.“Thissuggestsapotentialfetalneurotoxicity(神經(jīng)毒性)oflithiumexposurefromdrinkingwaterthatneedstobefurtherinvestigated.”Forthislateststudy,researchersanalyzedlithiumlevelsfromabouthalfofthecountry’swatersupply.Whentheinvestigatorscomparedchildrenwithautismtothosewithoutthisdevelopmentaldisorder,theyfoundthatwhenlithiumlevelsincreased,sodidtheriskofautism.Kidsborntomomswholivedinareaswiththehighestlithiumlevelsinthewaterwere46%morelikelytobediagnosedwithautismthanthoseborninareaswiththelowestamountoflithiumindrinkingwater,thestudyshowed.Lithiumlevelsincreasedtheriskforalltypesofautisminthisstudy.Lithiumleachesintodrinkingwaterfromsoilandrocks,buttheselevelscouldriseinthefuturefromwasteinlithiumbatteries.Whilemoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthisassociation,Ritzsuggestedusingfilteredwaterandtestingitforlithiumlevelswhilepregnant.Bottledwaterisn’tnecessarilytheanswer.“Alotofbottledwaterisnottestedeither,”shesaid.“Somebottledwaterisjustfilledupfromregulardrinkingwatersources.”Dr.MaxWiznitzer,directoroftheRainbowAutismCenter,urgedcautionbeforejumpingtoconclusions,though.“It’saninterestingassociation,butcausationisdefinitelynotproven,”WiznitzertoldCNN.“Wehavetoseeifthere’saworkableandbiologicallyplausible(似乎合理的)mechanismbywhichasmallamountoflithiuminthewatersupplycansomehowdothis,yetpharmacologic(藥理學(xué))dosingoflithiuminwomenwithbipolardisorderhasnotbeenreportedtobecausingincreasedriskofASD(AutismSpectrumDisorder).”32.WhatmightcausewomeninDenmarktohavekidswithautism?A.Lowerlevelsoflithiumintapwater. B.Higherlithiumlevelsindrinkingwater.C.Maternalprenatalexposuretoneurotoxicity. D.Naturallyoccurringdrinkingwatersources.33.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3toParagraph5?A.Theriskofautismdeclinedwithlithiumlevelsincreasing.B.Lithiumindrinkingwatermainlycamefromlithiumbatteries.C.Kidswere46%morelikelytobediagnosedwithautismthanmoms.D.Bottledwatercouldnotbealwayssafelyusedforitslackoffilteringandtesting.34.WhatisMaxWiznitzer’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A.Favourable. B.Shocked. C.Cautious. D.Indifferent.35.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LithiuminWaterSupplyLinkedtoUptickinAutismRiskB.LithiuminDrinkingWaterDidHarmtoMentalHealthC.LithiuminDrinkingWaterDecreasedtheRiskofASDD.LithiuminWaterSupplyLinkedtotheChanceofPregnancy【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了飲用水里的鋰元素在一定程度上與自閉癥相關(guān)聯(lián)?！即鸢浮?2.B33.D34.C35.A32．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheirnewstudyfoundthatpregnantwomeninDenmarkwhosehouseholdtapwaterhadhigherlevelsoflithiumweremorelikelytohavekidswithautism,comparedtopregnantwomenlivinginareaswheretapwaterhadlowerlevelsofthiselement.(他們的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與生活在自來水中鋰含量較低地區(qū)的孕婦相比，丹麥家庭自來水中鋰含量較高的孕婦更有可能生下患有自閉癥的孩子)”可知，飲用水中鋰含量較高可能導(dǎo)致丹麥女性生下患有自閉癥的孩子。故選B。33．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段““Alotofbottledwaterisnottestedeither,”shesaid.“Somebottledwaterisjustfilledupfromregulardrinkingwatersources.”(“很多瓶裝水也沒有經(jīng)過檢測，”她說?！耙恍┢垦b水只是從常規(guī)飲用水源中灌裝的?！?”可推知，由于缺乏過濾和檢測，瓶裝水不能總是安全使用。故選D。34．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dr.MaxWiznitzer,directoroftheRainbowAutismCenter,urgedcautionbeforejumpingtoconclusions,though.“It’saninterestingassociation,butcausationisdefinitelynotproven,”WiznitzertoldCNN.(不過，彩虹自閉癥中心主任MaxWiznitzer博士敦促，在下結(jié)論之前要謹(jǐn)慎?！斑@是一個(gè)有趣的聯(lián)系，但因果關(guān)系絕對沒有得到證實(shí)，”維茨尼策告訴CNN)”可推知，MaxWiznitzer對這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故選C。35．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“There’snosingleknowncauseforautism(自閉癥),butresearchersnowpointthefingerathigherlithium(鋰)levelsindrinkingwater.TheirnewstudyfoundthatpregnantwomeninDenmarkwhosehouseholdtapwaterhadhigherlevelsoflithiumweremorelikelytohavekidswithautism,comparedtopregnantwomenlivinginareaswheretapwaterhadlowerlevelsofthiselement.(目前還沒有一個(gè)已知的自閉癥原因，但研究人員現(xiàn)在將矛頭指向飲用水中鋰含量過高。他們的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與生活在自來水中鋰含量較低地區(qū)的孕婦相比，丹麥家庭自來水中鋰含量較高的孕婦更有可能生下患有自閉癥的孩子)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了飲用水中的鋰元素可能增加自閉癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“供水中的鋰與自閉癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升有關(guān)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingolderinvolveschangesinallrealmsoflife,fromthephysicaltothemental,tothesocial,emotional,sexual,andmore.Ideally,you’llhavealreadybeenpracticinghealthyhabitsthroughoutyourlife.Butevenifyouhaven’t,it’snevertoolatetostarttakingactivestepstomaintainandevenimproveyourhealth.Adoptingevenafewofthehabitswillstartyouontherighttrack.____36____AccordingtoMedlinePlus,exercisingregularlycanimproveyourbalance,helpkeepyoumobile,improveyourmoodbyreducingfeelingsofanxietyanddepression,andcontributetobettercognitivefunctioning.____37____Anyexerciseatallisbetterthannone.CDCrecommends150minutesofmoderate-intensityaerobicactivityeachweek;youcanfurtherbreakthisdowninto30activeminutesadayforfivedaysaweek.Onearticlefoundthatparticipantswhoreportedhigherlevelsofsocialactivityweremorelikelytoexperiencemorepositivemoods,fewernegativefeelings,andhigherlevelsofphysicalactivity.Ifyoudon’tcurrentlyhaveanactivesociallife,lookforopportunitiestoreconnectwitholdfriendsormakenewones.____38____Regularcheckupswithyourdoctorareopportunitiestocatchproblemsearlyandtreatthembeforetheybecomebiggerproblems.Ifyouareexperiencingmemoryormobilityissues,orhavebeenrecentlyhospitalized,youmaywanttoscheduleanappointmentwithgeriatricians(老年病學(xué)專家).____39____Followinganinitialconsultation,theycanhelpyoucreateacareplantailoredtoyourneeds.Itmayseemlikeano-brainer,butitbearsrepeatingthatyoushouldalwaystakeanymedicationprescribedtoyouexactlyasdirectedbyyourdoctor.However,it’salsoworthdoingaperiodicmedicationreviewwithyourprimarycaredoctortodiscusswhetherallofyourprescriptionsarestillnecessary.____40____A.It’salsoanimportantpartofmanagingsomechronicdiseases.B.Theyspecializeinthecareandtreatmentofolderpeople.C.Keepinmindthatyourpharmacistisanotherresourceforinformation.D.Seekoutlike-mindedothersthatcorrespondstoaninterestofyours.E.Keepingphysicallyactivecanhelpreducemanyoftheeffectsofaging.F.Feelingconstantlyexhaustedordepressedisnotnormalatanyage.G.It’simportanttoknowwhat’snormalforyourbodyasyouage.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。隨著年齡的增大，我們該如何保持健康、幸福的生活狀態(tài)。第一段提出話題，后面四段提出具體的方法和建議。〖答案〗36.E37.A38.D39.B40.C36．〖解析〗分析設(shè)空，位于段首，應(yīng)是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“AccordingtoMedlinePlus,exercisingregularlycanimproveyourbalance,helpkeepyoumobile,improveyourmoodbyreducingfeelingsofanxietyanddepression,andcontributetobettercognitivefunctioning.(根據(jù)MedlinePlus，定期鍛煉可以改善你的平衡，幫助你保持移動(dòng)，通過減少焦慮和抑郁的感覺來改善你的情緒，并有助于更好的認(rèn)知功能)”可知，本段主要講述了身體鍛煉來減少許多衰老的影響，所以E項(xiàng)“Keepingphysicallyacti