新九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)暑假講義(人教版)第01講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(學(xué)生版+解析)-

第01講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及兩種用法。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have\has+過(guò)去分詞(過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑問(wèn)句Hashefinishedthework?回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑問(wèn)句Whathashedone?3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:A．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：

The

car

has

arrived.

車子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）

Someone

has

broken

the

window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）

表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞how

long等。例如：

My

uncle

has

worked

at

this

factory

for

five

years.

我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。

Mr.

Black

has

lived

in

China

since

2002.

自從2002年Mr.

Black

一直住在中國(guó)。

How

long

have

you

been

here?

你來(lái)這里多久了？

4.在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)、九詞語(yǔ)①already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問(wèn)句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾經(jīng)句中e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never從不句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前為止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing？fortwomonthsfor+一段時(shí)間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.（2）、兩結(jié)(3)、三詞組1.have<has>goneto去了某地表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)2.have<has>beento去過(guò)某地表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去過(guò)北京)3.have<has>been

in

表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since,

for,

how

long

e.g.:Mr.

Brown

has

been

in

Beijing

for

three

days.

布朗先生來(lái)北京已經(jīng)有三天了

4.如果句子里面沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在過(guò)去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。6.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for3years連用,改正的辦法有五種：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段時(shí)間for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改為固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改為否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have代替buy）7.還有其他瞬間動(dòng)詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→beheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawaye.g.：Hehasleftfor3hours.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯(cuò)）改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(錯(cuò))改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join→bein/beasoldiere.g：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.還有其它的歸納如下：leave

---

be

away

borrow

---

keep

buy

---

have

die

---

be

dead

begin/start

---

be

on

finish

---

be

over

fall

ill

---be

ill

get

up---be

up

catch

a

cold

---

have

a

cold

put

on--

wear

come/become/go

---

be

here

become→be

fall

asleep

---

be

asleep

get

to/

arrive/reach

---

be

(in)

get

to

know

---

know

join----be

a

member

of

...

(成為…的一員)

open

---be

open

close

---be

closebreak→bebroken\getup→beupmarry→bemarried\\lose→belost\8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

I

saw

this

film

yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday

。）

I

have

seen

this

film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：…ago,

last

week/...

In

2008,

in

the

past,

just

now,

the

day

before

yesterday,

yesterday

...

Then(那時(shí)),that

day,

one

day,

once(從前)

【考點(diǎn)剖析】考點(diǎn)1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞1．—youeverHanHongsinglive?—Ofcourse.Acoupleoftimesindifferentcities.A．Have;seen B．Did;see C．Do;see D．Are;seeing2．It’snicetoseeyouagain.We________eachothersince2016.A．won’tsee B．haven’tseen C．don’tsee D．didn’tsee考點(diǎn)2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較—Hi,I________youforalongtime.—I________inHongKong.I’vejustcomeback.A．haven’tseen;shallbe B．didn’tsee;willbeC．haven’tseen;was D．haven’tseen;am考點(diǎn)3、Since和for的用法1．Ithasbeenfiveyears________hegraduatedfromthatjuniorhighschool.A．since B．when C．till D．though2．—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wehavebeenfriends________threeyearsago.A．for B．since C．in3．ThedoctorsfromQingdaohaveworkedinthathospitalofHuanggang________February.A．when B．in C．before D．since3．I’vehadthismagazine________acoupleofmonths.Butthestoriesinsidearestillinteresting.A．for B．in C．since4．TomhaslivedinShanghai_________2003.Hehaslivehere_________manyyears.A．in;for B．since;for C．since;at D．in;since考點(diǎn)4、havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1．—HaveyouseenDrAdamsrecently?—No.He_________HongKongforaninternationalmeeting.A．hasgonein B．hasbeenin C．hasgoneto D．hasbeento2．—Where’syourfather?

—He’snotathome.He’s__________Beijingforthreedays.A．goneto B．beento C．beenin D．wentto3．We_______Beijingmanytimes,soweknowitverywell.A．havebeenin B．wentto C．havebeento D．havegoneto考點(diǎn)5、短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1．—Howlonghaveyou________yourwatch?Itlooksnew.—Foronlythreedays.A．had B．received C．bought D．borrowed2．—Howlonghasthefilm________?—Foronlytenminutes.A．beenon B．begun C．started D．beenin【真題演練】1．—________yourhomework?—Notyet.I’llfinishitintenminutes.A．Didyoufinish B．Haveyoufinished C．Willyoufinish D．Doyoufinish2．IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandI_________fivebooksalready.A．a(chǎn)mreading B．haveread C．willread D．read3．—MissZhangseemsquitefamiliarwithYunnanProvince.—Don'tyouknow?She________atownschoolthereasavolunteerteacherforover2years.A．isin B．hasgoneto C．hasbeenin D．hasbeento4．Whatgreatprogressourcountry________since1949!A．makes B．made C．ismade D．hasmade5．I________thisbikeforthreeyears.Ilikeitsomuch.A．bought B．had C．havebought D．havehad6．—Yourscarfissobeautiful!Whendidyoubuyit?—Onmy18thbirthday.I________itfor6years.A．bought B．willhave C．havehad D．havebought7．—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass________for10minutes.A．hasbeenon B．hasbegun C．ison D．begins8．—Luke,doyoulovecountrymusic?—OfcourseIdo.Ihave________afanofitfortenyears.A．turned B．become C．been D．got9．—Helen,IsNgManTat(吳孟達(dá))yourfavouritefilmstar?—Yes.Butit’sapitythathe________forseveralweeks.A．died B．dies C．hasdied D．hasbeendead10．Mycousin________thisbookforonemonth.Hemustreturnittothelibrarynow.A．hasborrowed B．isborrowing C．hashad D．haskept【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Mr.Smith________Chinesefortwoyears.

He’smuchbetteratitnow.A．learns B．waslearning C．haslearned D．willlearn2．—DoyouknowMountWudanginShiyan?—Yes,I_________ittwice.It’sfantastic.A．hadclimbed B．climb C．climbed D．haveclimbed3．I________thisbikeforthreeyears.Ilikeitsomuch.A．bought B．had C．havebought D．havehad4．—Mum,whereisDavid?—He________toseethesciencefictionfilmBacktothefuture.A．isgoing B．goes C．hasgone D．wasgoing5．Overthepastfewmonths,ChineseCOVIDvaccines(疫苗)________inmanyothercountries.A．havearrived B．a(chǎn)rrived C．willarrive D．hadarrived6．—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass________for10minutes.A．hasbeenon B．hasbegun C．ison D．begins7．—Dad,Ican’tfindmyschoolIDcard.Didyouseeit?—No,Ididn’t.Ithinkyou________it!A．lose B．willlose C．havelost D．a(chǎn)relosing8．China________greatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．ismade9．IsawJuliainAprilandI________hersincethen.A．don’tsee B．didn’tsee C．won’tsee D．haven’tseen10．—Howlong________you________chemistrysofar?—Foralmostoneyear.A．a(chǎn)re;studying B．do;study C．have;studied D．will;study二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空11．Howexcitingthematchis!ItisthebestonethatI________ever________（watch）.12．Sofar,she________(spend)somuchtimelookingafterherchildrenthatshehastogiveupherjobasateacher.13．Ihearsomeone________(offer)yousomeusefuladvicealready.14．Theplace________(develop)fromasmallvillageintoatouristcentreinthepastfewyears.15．Howlong________yourmother________(be)inhospital?三、完成句子16．——你哥哥在哪里？——我哥哥去北京了?！猈hereisyourelderbrother?

—He_____________Beijing.17．這會(huì)已開了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？Howlong_____________thismeeting_____________?18．自從他搬到福州以來(lái)，他就住在這兒了。Sincehe_____________toFuzhou,he_____________here.19．我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。我現(xiàn)在可以看電視了。I_____________myhomework.IcanwatchTVnow.20．本來(lái)這兒許多年了。Ben_____________hereformanyyears.第01講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及兩種用法。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have\has+過(guò)去分詞(過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑問(wèn)句Hashefinishedthework?回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑問(wèn)句Whathashedone?3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:A．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：

The

car

has

arrived.

車子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）

Someone

has

broken

the

window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）

表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞how

long等。例如：

My

uncle

has

worked

at

this

factory

for

five

years.

我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。

Mr.

Black

has

lived

in

China

since

2002.

自從2002年Mr.

Black

一直住在中國(guó)。

How

long

have

you

been

here?

你來(lái)這里多久了？

4.在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)、九詞語(yǔ)①already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問(wèn)句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾經(jīng)句中e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never從不句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前為止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing？fortwomonthsfor+一段時(shí)間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.（2）、兩結(jié)(3)、三詞組1.have<has>goneto去了某地表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)2.have<has>beento去過(guò)某地表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去過(guò)北京)3.have<has>been

in

表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since,

for,

how

long

e.g.:Mr.

Brown

has

been

in

Beijing

for

three

days.

布朗先生來(lái)北京已經(jīng)有三天了

4.如果句子里面沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在過(guò)去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。6.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for3years連用,改正的辦法有五種：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段時(shí)間for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改為固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改為否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have代替buy）7.還有其他瞬間動(dòng)詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→beheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawaye.g.：Hehasleftfor3hours.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯(cuò)）改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(錯(cuò))改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join→bein/beasoldiere.g：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.還有其它的歸納如下：leave

---

be

away

borrow

---

keep

buy

---

have

die

---

be

dead

begin/start

---

be

on

finish

---

be

over

fall

ill

---be

ill

get

up---be

up

catch

a

cold

---

have

a

cold

put

on--

wear

come/become/go

---

be

here

become→be

fall

asleep

---

be

asleep

get

to/

arrive/reach

---

be

(in)

get

to

know

---

know

join----be

a

member

of

...

(成為…的一員)

open

---be

open

close

---be

closebreak→bebroken\getup→beupmarry→bemarried\\lose→belost\8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

I

saw

this

film

yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday

。）

I

have

seen

this

film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：…ago,

last

week/...

In

2008,

in

the

past,

just

now,

the

day

before

yesterday,

yesterday

...

Then(那時(shí)),that

day,

one

day,

once(從前)

【考點(diǎn)剖析】考點(diǎn)1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞1．—youeverHanHongsinglive?—Ofcourse.Acoupleoftimesindifferentcities.A．Have;seen B．Did;see C．Do;see D．Are;seeing答案:A【詳解】句意：——你看過(guò)韓紅唱歌的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演嗎？——當(dāng)然。在不同的城市看過(guò)幾次?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“ever”可知，此句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone，故選A。2．It’snicetoseeyouagain.We________eachothersince2016.A．won’tsee B．haven’tseen C．don’tsee D．didn’tsee答案:B【詳解】句意：再次見到你們很開心，我們自從2016年就沒(méi)見過(guò)彼此了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“since2016”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是have/has+過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)we，助動(dòng)詞用have，這里是否定句，haven’t+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，see是動(dòng)詞，看見，過(guò)去分詞是seen，故選B?？键c(diǎn)2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較—Hi,I________youforalongtime.—I________inHongKong.I’vejustcomeback.A．haven’tseen;shallbe B．didn’tsee;willbeC．haven’tseen;was D．haven’tseen;am答案:C【詳解】句意：——我很久沒(méi)有見到你了?！抑霸谙愀?，剛剛回來(lái)?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及“foralongtime”可知，第一空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；第二個(gè)空指之前人在香港，是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選C?？键c(diǎn)3、Since和for的用法1．Ithasbeenfiveyears________hegraduatedfromthatjuniorhighschool.A．since B．when C．till D．though答案:A【詳解】句意：自從他從那所初中畢業(yè)已經(jīng)有五年了?？疾檫B詞辨析。since自從；when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；till直到；though雖然。根據(jù)“Ithasbeenfiveyears”可知，從畢業(yè)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)五年了，since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。2．—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wehavebeenfriends________threeyearsago.A．for B．since C．in答案:B【詳解】句意：——你認(rèn)為你的英語(yǔ)老師怎么樣？——他很好。我們從三年前就是朋友了?？疾榻樵~辨析。for接一段時(shí)間；since自從；in在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)“Wehavebeenfriends...”可知從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)至今，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此時(shí)間是三年前開始到現(xiàn)在。故選B。3．ThedoctorsfromQingdaohaveworkedinthathospitalofHuanggang________February.A．when B．in C．before D．since答案:D【詳解】句意：青島的醫(yī)生從2月份開始就在黃岡的那家醫(yī)院工作。考查詞義辨析。when當(dāng)……時(shí)；in其后加早中晚、月份、季節(jié)，年份等；before在……之前；since自從。根據(jù)“ThedoctorsfromQingdaohaveworkedinthathospitalofHuanggang...February.”可知，此處是“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“自從”。故選D。3．I’vehadthismagazine________acoupleofmonths.Butthestoriesinsidearestillinteresting.A．for B．in C．since答案:A【詳解】句意：我已經(jīng)有這本雜志好幾個(gè)月了。但里面的故事仍然很有趣?？疾榻樵~辨析。for為了；in在……里面；since自從。此句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)“acoupleofmonths”可知，空后為時(shí)間段，for后跟時(shí)間段，since后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)。故選A。4．TomhaslivedinShanghai_________2003.Hehaslivehere_________manyyears.A．in;for B．since;for C．since;at D．in;since答案:B【詳解】句意：湯姆自2003年以來(lái)一直住在上海。他在這里住了很多年了?？疾闀r(shí)間介詞辨析。in后接某年某月某季節(jié)；for后接一段時(shí)間；since自從，后接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；at后接具體時(shí)刻。2003是過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，且句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故第一空應(yīng)填since。manyyears是一段時(shí)間，與時(shí)間介詞for一起連用，故選B。考點(diǎn)4、havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1．—HaveyouseenDrAdamsrecently?—No.He_________HongKongforaninternationalmeeting.A．hasgonein B．hasbeenin C．hasgoneto D．hasbeento答案:C【詳解】句意：——你最近見過(guò)亞當(dāng)斯博士嗎？——沒(méi)有。他去香港參加一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。hasbeenin和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示“在……待了多久”；hasgoneto表示“去了（人未回）”；hasbeento表示“去過(guò)（人已回）”；沒(méi)有hasgonein的用法。根據(jù)“HaveyouseenDrAdamsrecently?”和回答“No.”可知，亞當(dāng)斯博士去開會(huì)了，人不在此地，用hasgoneto。故選C。2．—Where’syourfather?

—He’snotathome.He’s__________Beijingforthreedays.A．goneto B．beento C．beenin D．wentto答案:C【詳解】句意：——你父親呢？——他不在家。他在北京已經(jīng)三天了。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。hasgoneto去了某地還未回來(lái)；hasbeento去過(guò)某地已經(jīng)回來(lái)；hasbeenin待在某地一段時(shí)間；wentto動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。根據(jù)“forthreedays”，可知他在北京已經(jīng)待了一段時(shí)間了，要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此此處用hasbeenin。故選C。3．We_______Beijingmanytimes,soweknowitverywell.A．havebeenin B．wentto C．havebeento D．havegoneto答案:C【詳解】句意：我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京很多次，所以對(duì)北京很了解?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。havebeenin在某地，表示狀態(tài)；wentto一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；havebeento去過(guò)某地，已回來(lái)；havegoneto去了某地，還未回來(lái)。根據(jù)“We...Beijingmanytimes,soweknowitverywell”可知，應(yīng)該是去過(guò)某地，故選C?？键c(diǎn)5、短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1．—Howlonghaveyou________yourwatch?Itlooksnew.—Foronlythreedays.A．had B．received C．bought D．borrowed答案:A【詳解】句意：——你戴這塊表多久了？它看上去還很新?！湃??？疾閯?dòng)詞的詞義辨析。had有；received收到；bought買；borrowed借用。howlong與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，receive，buy，borrow均為短暫性動(dòng)詞，have是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去分詞為had。故選A。2．—Howlonghasthefilm________?—Foronlytenminutes.A．beenon B．begun C．started D．beenin答案:A【詳解】句意：——電影開始多久了？——僅僅十分鐘?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Foronlytenminutes.”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)且用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；Howlong跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，所以表示“開始”應(yīng)用beon，排除D選項(xiàng)。故選A?！菊骖}演練】1．—________yourhomework?—Notyet.I’llfinishitintenminutes.A．Didyoufinish B．Haveyoufinished C．Willyoufinish D．Doyoufinish答案:B【詳解】句意：——你做完作業(yè)了嗎？——還沒(méi)有。我十分鐘以后完成?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“Notyet.”可知，問(wèn)句應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，構(gòu)成形式為：have/hasdone；主語(yǔ)“you”是第二人稱，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用have，一般疑問(wèn)句將have提前并首字母大寫；finish的過(guò)去分詞是finished。故選B。2．IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandI_________fivebooksalready.A．a(chǎn)mreading B．haveread C．willread D．read答案:B【詳解】句意：我上個(gè)月參加了讀書俱樂(lè)部，我已經(jīng)讀了五本書了。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“already”可知，此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。3．—MissZhangseemsquitefamiliarwithYunnanProvince.—Don'tyouknow?She________atownschoolthereasavolunteerteacherforover2years.A．isin B．hasgoneto C．hasbeenin D．hasbeento答案:C【詳解】句意：——張小姐似乎對(duì)云南很熟悉。——難道你不知道嗎？她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰擎?zhèn)學(xué)校支教了兩年多?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“forover2years.”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除A；hasgoneto去了某地（未回來(lái)）；hasbeenin在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）；hasbeento去過(guò)某地（已回來(lái)）。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指她在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校呆了兩年多，用hasbeenin最合適。故選C。4．Whatgreatprogressourcountry________since1949!A．makes B．made C．ismade D．hasmade答案:D【詳解】句意：自1949年以來(lái)，我們國(guó)家取得了多么大的進(jìn)步??！考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“since1949”可知，since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一起連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone，故選D。5．I________thisbikeforthreeyears.Ilikeitsomuch.A．bought B．had C．havebought D．havehad答案:D【詳解】句意：我買這輛自行車三年了。我很喜歡它?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)forthreeyears可知，此句應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，排除選項(xiàng)C。故選D。6．—Yourscarfissobeautiful!Whendidyoubuyit?—Onmy18thbirthday.I________itfor6years.A．bought B．willhave C．havehad D．havebought答案:C【詳解】句意：——你的圍巾真漂亮！你什么時(shí)候買的？——在我18歲生日。我買了6年了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。for+一段時(shí)間，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除A和B選項(xiàng)。且動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，buy是短暫性動(dòng)詞，have是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選C。7．—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass________for10minutes.A．hasbeenon B．hasbegun C．ison D．begins答案:A【詳解】句意：——你為什么這么著急？——因?yàn)檎n已經(jīng)上了10分鐘了?？疾檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for10minutes”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，構(gòu)成形式為：have/hasdone，故排除C、D項(xiàng)；且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而begin，開始，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故排除。故選A。8．—Luke,doyoulovecountrymusic?—OfcourseIdo.Ihave________afanofitfortenyears.A．turned B．become C．been D．got答案:C【詳解】句意：——盧克，你喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)嗎？

——我當(dāng)然知道。十年來(lái)我一直是它的粉絲?？疾閯?dòng)詞。turned轉(zhuǎn)向；become成為；been是；got得到。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成“have+過(guò)去分詞”的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，且根據(jù)“fortenyears”可知，應(yīng)用表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，A、B、D選項(xiàng)都是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，可排除，故選C。9．—Helen,IsNgManTat(吳孟達(dá))yourfavouritefilmstar?—Yes.Butit’sapitythathe________forseveralweeks.A．died B．dies C．hasdied D．hasbeendead答案:D【詳解】句意：——海倫，吳孟達(dá)是你最喜歡的電影明星嗎？——是的。但遺憾的是他已經(jīng)死了好幾個(gè)星期了。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“forseveralweeks”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選D。10．Mycousin________thisbookforonemonth.Hemustreturnittothelibrarynow.A．hasborrowed B．isborrowing C．hashad D．haskept答案:D【詳解】句意：這本書我表弟已經(jīng)借了一個(gè)月了。他現(xiàn)在必須把書還回圖書館?？疾閯?dòng)詞。hasborrow借，是瞬間性動(dòng)詞；hashad已經(jīng)擁有，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；haskept已經(jīng)保留，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Hemustreturnittothelibrarynow.”可知，這本書不是歸他所擁有，因此他只是保留它，排除C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“foronemonth”可知，與時(shí)間段連用，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選D。【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Mr.Smith________Chinesefortwoyears.

He’smuchbetteratitnow.A．learns B．waslearning C．haslearned D．willlearn答案:C【詳解】句意：史密斯先生學(xué)漢語(yǔ)已經(jīng)兩年了。他現(xiàn)在做得好多了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“fortwoyears”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。2．—DoyouknowMountWudanginShiyan?—Yes,I_________ittwice.It’sfantastic.A．hadclimbed B．climb C．climbed D．haveclimbed答案:D【詳解】句意：——你知道十堰的武當(dāng)山嗎？——是的，我爬了兩次。太棒了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“twice”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示已經(jīng)去過(guò)武當(dāng)山，帶來(lái)的影響就是熟悉武當(dāng)山那個(gè)地方，結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”，故選D。3．I________thisbikeforthreeyears.Ilikeitsomuch.A．bought B．had C．havebought D．havehad答案:D【詳解】句意：我買這輛自行車三年了。我很喜歡它?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)forthreeyears可知，此句應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，排除選項(xiàng)C。故選D。4．—Mum,whereisDavid?—He________toseethesciencefictionfilmBacktothefuture.A．isgoing B．goes C．hasgone D．wasgoing答案:C【詳解】句意：——媽媽，大衛(wèi)在哪？——他去看科幻電影《回到未來(lái)》了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。大衛(wèi)“看電影”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且對(duì)上文兩人之間的對(duì)話產(chǎn)生影響，故為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)是have/hasdone。故選C。5．Overthepastfewmonths,ChineseCOVIDvaccines(疫苗)________inmanyothercountries.A．havearrived B．a(chǎn)rrived C．willarrive D．hadarrived答案:A【詳解】句意：近幾個(gè)月來(lái)，中國(guó)新冠肺炎疫苗已抵達(dá)多個(gè)國(guó)家?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“Overthepastfewmonths”可知，本句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選A。6．—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass________for10minutes.A．hasbeenon B．hasbegun C．ison D．begins答案:A【詳解】句意：——你為什么這么著急？——因?yàn)檎n已經(jīng)上了10分鐘了?？疾檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for10minutes”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，構(gòu)成形式為：have/hasdone，故排除C、D項(xiàng)；且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而begin，開始，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故排除。故選A。7．—Dad,Ican’tfindmyschoolIDcard.Didyouseeit?—No,Ididn’t.Ithinkyou________it!A．lose B．willlose C．havelost D．a(chǎn)relosing答案:C【詳解】句意：——爸爸，我找不到我的學(xué)生證了。你看到了嗎？——不，我沒(méi)有。我想你把它弄丟了！考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析。根據(jù)“Dad,Ican’tfindmyschoolIDcard.”可知過(guò)去已經(jīng)丟了學(xué)生證，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選C。8．China________greatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．ismade答案:C【詳解】句意：自1978年以來(lái)，中國(guó)在科學(xué)技術(shù)方面就取得了巨大成就?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“since1978”可知，此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示時(shí)間的延續(xù)，故選C。9．IsawJuliainAprilandI________hersincethen.A．don’tsee B．didn’tsee C．won’tsee D．haven’t