2022年福建省永泰縣高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

2021-2022學(xué)年福建省永泰縣高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題三、閱讀理解(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)14．閱讀理解Camelsarelargeanimalslivingindryareas.Therearetwospeciesofcamels;theArabiancamelwithasinglehump(駝背)fromthedrydesertareasofWestAsia,andtheBactriancamelwithtwohumpsfromCentralandEastAsia.Camelsareover7feettallandweighover1,600pounds.Theywillliveupto40to50years.Mostcamelsaredomesticated(馴化)andfedbypeople.Camelsareplant-eaters．Camelsareverystronganimalswithwide,paddedfeet.Theyhavethickleatherypadsontheirkneesandchest.Camelshavenostrils(鼻孔)thatcanopenandclose,protectingthemfromthedesertenvironment.Bushyeyebrowsandtworowsoflongeyelashesprotecttheireyesfromsand.Theirmouthisextremelytough,allowingcamelstoeatthorny(帶刺的)desertplants.Theirwidenedfeethelpthemmovewithoutsinkingintothesand.Theirthickcoatsreflectsunlight,andalsoprotectthemfromtheintenseheatfromdesertsand.Theirlonglegshelpbykeepingthemfurtherfromthehotground．Camelscangowithoutfoodandwaterfor3to4days.Theydonotstorewaterintheirhumpsasiscommonlybelieved．Thehumpsareactuallyacontaineroffat.Camelsareincrediblywell-adaptedtotheirenvironment.Whenconditionsheatup,camelscanincreasetheirownbodytemperature,whichpreventssweatingandthereforewaterloss.Theymaynotsweatatallduringtheday．Camelsaresometimescalled“shipsofthedesert”becausepeopleridethemaroundthehot,drydesertsoftheworld．However,thenumberofcamelsisbecomingsmallerforvariousreasons．（1）Accordingtothepassage,camelsusuallylivein________．A．Asia B．Africa C．America D．Australia（2）Paragraph2ismainlyabout________．A．camelsareusefulanimals B．camelsarecleveranimalsC．camels'bodystructureandfunction D．camels'characteristicsandhabits（3）Thereasonwhycamelsloselittlewaterindesertsisthatthey________．A．getwaterfromgreenfoods B．canadjusttheirtemperatureC．storeenoughwaterinthehumps D．canmanagewithoutwater（4）Whatwilltheauthorprobablytalkaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A．Waystoprotectcamels． B．Habitatsofcamels．C．Reasonsforraisingcamels． D．Functionsofcamels．15．閱讀理解ThebigfireinAprilthattorethroughtheNotreDameCathedralinParis(巴黎圣母院)isstillfreshinpeople'sminds.The800-year-oldlandmarksufferedgreatdamagetoitstop,butthankfullythemostvaluablereligiousrelicsandculturaltreasureswereundamaged.SoaUSpublishingcompanyGoArchitectorganizedthePeople'sDesignCompetitiontoinvitedesigners,worldwidetosharetheirideasofrebuildingtheFrenchlandmark.Theopencallattractedmorethan200proposalsfrom56countriesandregions.Intheend,ChinesearchitectsCaiZeyuandLiSibeiwonthecompetitionwiththeirstrikingdesign.Theyareboththepost-90sgeneration.Named"ParisHeartbeat",thedesignreplacestheoldtopwithakaleidoscope(萬花筒)ofmultifacetedmirrors,whichiscombinedwithamirrorroof,reflectingtheever–changingurbanenvironment.Thekaleidoscopeisthefloating"timecapsule",atthetopusingmagneticlevitation(磁懸浮)technology,whichismeanttoopeneveryhalfcentury.The"timecapsule"movesupanddown,breathingandbeatingtogetherwiththecity."Ibelievethatthe'timecapsule'canbeachievedwithpresenttechnology,"CaitoldtheGlobalTimes.Thepairhopedthattheirdesign,ParisHeartbeat,couldmeetpeople'shighexpectationsfortherebuilding.AsCaiandLitoldGoArchitect,"NotreDamewitnessedParisianhistory.Itburns,survivesandco-breatheswiththeever-changingworld…The2019firewillmarkanewera."Thoughpeoplestilldon'tknowwhatkindofdesigntheFrenchgovernmentwillchoose,it'sclearthatpeoplearoundtheworldhopethatthelostbeautyofNotreDamewillcomeback.Oncerebuilt,itwillcertainlybecomeapermanentpartofhistoryandtheParisianskylineagain.（1）What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．AopencallfortherecoveryofDameCathedral.B．ThedesignofParisHeartbeatbytwoChinesearchitects.C．AbigfirewhichdestroyedDameCathedral.D．AFrenchgovernment'sdecision.（2）HowareParagraphs3and4developed?A．listfigures B．giveexamplesC．makeacomparison D．makeanexplanation（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．TwothirdsoftheNotreDameCathedralwasdamagedinthebigfire.B．TheFrenchgovernmentorganizedthePeople'sDesignCompetition.C．Thekaleidoscopeisdesignedusingtraditionalarchitecturetechnology.D．Itremainstobeseenwhether"ParisHeartbeat"willbeadopted.（4）Whereisthepassagepossiblytakenfrom?A．a(chǎn)nentertainmentmagazine B．a(chǎn)newspaperC．a(chǎn)geographytextbook D．a(chǎn)guidebook16．閱讀理解Inrecentyearssomeextremeweathereventshavearisenfromglobalwarmingbecauseofhumanactivities,withstudiesindicatinganincreasingthreatfromextremeweatherinthefuture.Scientistswerecertainthatglobalwarmingisbeingcausedmostlybyincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandotherhumanactivities.Itseffectsincludewarmingglobaltemperaturerisingsealevelsandexpansionofdesertsinthesubtropics(亞熱帶).WarmingisexpectedtobegreateroverlandthanovertheoceansandgreatestintheArctic,withthecontinuinglossofglaciers,permafrostandseaice.Otherlikelychangesincludemorefrequentextremeweathereventsincludingheatwaves,droughts,heavyrainfallwithfloods,heavysnow-fallandspeciesextinctionduetogreatchangeoftemperature.Badeffectsonhumansincludethethreattofoodsecurityfromdecreasingcropyieldsandthelossofpopulated(住人的)areasbecauseofrisingsealevels.Possibleresponsestoglobalwarmingarereductionofemissions(排放),adaptationtoitseffects,buildingsystemsresilienttoitseffects,andpossiblefutureclimateengineeringMostcountriesarepartiestotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),whoseobjectiveistopreventdangerousclimatechange.Ithasadoptedarangeofpoliciesdesignedtoreducegreenhousegasandtoassistinadaptationtoglobalwarming.Itisagreedthatfutureglobalwarmingshouldbelimitedtobelow2.0℃(3.6°F)relativetothepre-industriallevel.On12November2019,NASAscientistsreportedthathuman-madecarbondioxidecontinuestoincreaseabovelevelsthathavenotbeenseeninhundredsofthousandsofyears:currently,abouthalfofthecarbondioxidereleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuelsremainsintheatmosphereandisnotabsorbedbyvegetationandtheoceans.（1）AllofthefollowingstatementsarementionedasmorefrequentextremeweathereventsEXCEPT.A．droughts B．heatwavesC．heavysnowfall D．greatchangeoftemperature（2）Theunderlinedword"resilient"inParagraph3ismostlikelytomean?A．Bendable. B．Inflexible. C．Unchangeable. D．Recoverable.（3）Whatcanweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itisunlikelyforustodealwithglobalwarmingbyreducinggreenhousegasemissionsadaptingtoitseffectsandclimateengineering.B．Therearesomeefficientsolutionstotoomuchcarbondioxidereleasedintotheatmosphere.C．Itiscommonthathuman-madecarbondioxidekeepsonincreasinggreatlyinthepreviousseveralcenturies.D．Futureglobalwarmingshouldbelimitedtobelow3.6℃.17．閱讀理解Acomparisonofnestingdatarecordedintheearly1900swithsimilardatatodayformorethan200speciesofCaliforniabirdsshowsthatoveralltheyarebreeding(繁殖)5to12daysearlierthantheydid75to100yearsago.EarlierstudiesfoundthatmanybutnotallbirdsinCalifornia'smountainsaremovingnorthortohigheraltitudetofindcoolertemperaturesinthefaceofglobalwarming.Theshifttoearlierbreedingthatwedetectedallowsbirdstonestatsimilartemperaturesastheydidacenturyago,andhelpsexplainwhyhalfthebirdspeciesinthemountainousareasofCaliforniadidnotneedtoshiftupwardinaltitudeinresponsetoclimatewarmingoverthepastcentury,saidStevenBeissinger,aUCBerkeleyprofessorofenvironmentalsciences.Earlyspringarrivalshavelongbeennotedbythepublicandreportedbyscientists,buttheassumptionhasbeenthatthebirdsaretrackingresources,primarilyfood:withwarmingtemperatures,plantsproduceleavesandseedsearlier,andinsectsappearearlier.Thenewstudyspotlightsanothermajorreason:bynestingaweekearlier,birdsproduceeggsandyoungatatemperatureabout1degreeCelsiuslowerthaniftheynestedatthenormaltimeinthesameplace.Thisexactlycounterbalancestheapproximately1degreeCelsiusincreaseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury."Bynestingaweekor10daysearlier,birdsareavoidingsomeofthenegativeeffectsofclimatewarming,"Beissingersaid."thegoodnewsisthattheremaybemoreflexibilityforspeciestorespondtoclimatechangethanwethought,andnotallspeciesmayneedtomovefarthernorthortohigheraltitudes,"headded."Butwedon'tknowyetwhetherstayinginplaceandshiftingschedulesearlierisapermanentsolution,oronlyprovidestemporaryrelieffromthe2degreeCelsiusriseintemperaturesforecasttooccur."Birdsmayfind,forexample,thatthewindowofgoodtemperaturesforbreedingbecomesshorter,whichmaylimittheopportunitytore-nestiftheyfailthefirsttime.Largerspeciesthathavealongernestingperiodmightnothaveanenoughtimetocompletetheirnestsbeforeitstartstobecometoowarm,hesaid.（1）Tofightagainsttheglobalwarming,earlierstudiesfoundthat_______.A．somebirdstriedtofindcoolerplacesB．somebirdsfailedtonestmorethaneverC．somebirdsbegantoproduceeggsearlierD．somebirdswokeupearliertocatchinsects（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．EarlybirdscatchinsectsandgettenderleavesB．GlobalwarmingisresponsibleforearlierspringsC．BirdsaresmartinadaptingtotheclimatechangesD．Birdsarelikelytohavedifficultyinbreedingways（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"counterbalance"inparagraph5probablymean?A．Addsto B．ReducestoC．Makesupfor D．Goesalongwith（4）Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Birds'movingnorthandglobalwarming.B．Earlybreedingofbirdsandclimatechanges.C．Changesofbirds'lifeandearlyspringarrivalsD．Birds'reactionandearlyappearanceoffoods.四、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)18．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Kidshealth;Fourstepsforfightingstress(壓力）Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.Somewaysofdealingwithstress-likescreamingorhittingsomeone—don'tsolvemuch.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbelter.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.Theyhavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves(拿自己出氣）.Oh,dear,that'snotagoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.Bepositive.Moststressistemporary（暫時的）.Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork;Andifyoucanwaythroughahardtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfasterA.Trytosolvetheproblem.B.Then,fittedawaytocalmdown.C.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways.F.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.G.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthehardsituation.五、完形填空(共20小題；每小題l.5分.滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IhaveplayedsoccerandothersportssinceIwasabout5yearsold.WhenIwasyounger,IthoughtIwouldbeableto19．doingallthesportsIloveintomyteenyears.ThenI20．thatonceyougetintohighschool,youhavetojust21．a(chǎn)sportascoachesrequireprettymuchtrainingintheoffseason(比賽淡季).Ifyouaredoingthreetofivedaysof22．a(chǎn)week,thisleaveslittle23．forotheractivities.Andthatone24．thenturnsintoayear-longcommitment(投入).WhenIdecidedtoplaysocceryear-round,wewere25．fivedaysaweek,andwehadgamesontheweekends.Afteraboutthreemonthsofthis,Iexperiencedakneeoveruse26．.Fourotherplayershadkneeinjuriesaswell.Wehadworkedso27．forsolong,andthenwewentdirectlyintoclubsoccerintheoffseason.Therewasnevera28．!Thisinjuryreallypushedme29．,andIstayedathomeforeightweeks.Becauseofthis,I30．soccertraining.Ialso31．totakepartinmanyactivitieswhileplaying.32．wideningmysocialcircleandjoiningsomeclubs,Iamonthefield.Butevenwiththese33．,Istillkeepplayingsocceryear-round.Itisanenjoyableexperiencethatreallyliftsmyspirits.19．A．a(chǎn)void B．continue C．finish D．risk20．A．remembered B．realized C．imagined D．regretted21．A．change B．prepare C．stop D．choose22．A．work B．games C．training D．tours23．A．space B．money C．room D．surprise24．A．sport B．club C．plan D．spirit25．A．competing B．trying C．running D．practicing26．A．class B．injury C．program D．treatment27．A．well B．far C．hard D．fast28．A．break B．test C．point D．season29．A．a(chǎn)round B．back C．through D．forward30．A．lookedoutfor B．gavewayto C．tookcareof D．missedouton31．A．fail B．start C．refuse D．offer32．A．Becauseof B．Exceptfor C．Insteadof D．Alongwith33．A．values B．rules C．disadvantages D．expectations六、單詞拼寫(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)34．Askyourdoctorto(推薦)asuitabletherapist.35．Itremainstobeseenwhethertheex-presidentwillbe(判決，宣判)todeath.36．Myfather'sshipwasinWorldWarII.(goesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterorsea,etc.)37．Hewasdthatthesamemistakeswouldnotbemadeagain.38．Aftereveryonewasseatedthechairman(繼續(xù))toannouncehisplan.39．Thekindoldladyofferedasheltertothepoorhstranger.40．Hecouldhavefinisheditontime,but(不知怎么地)hefellbehind.41．Thegovernmentisthehighest(權(quán)威)inthecountry.42．Lindaisbeingverymaboutherplanfortheweekend,andevenherbestfriendknowsnothingaboutit.43．Weboughtthishouseforc;it'sneartheschool.七、根據(jù)所給的漢語提示完成句子。(每句2分，滿分10分)44．翻譯下列各句。（根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示，完成句子）。（1）端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念著名詩人屈原而慶祝的。（inmemoryof）（2）很多年輕人來到這座大城市的原因是他們想尋求幸福和成功。（表語從句）（3）教育對青少年未來生活的發(fā)展有關(guān)鍵作用顯而易見。（形式主語it）（4）站在塔尖上，我仍能看到遠(yuǎn)處的山。（inthedistance）（5）昨晚一定下過雨了，因為今天早晨地面是濕的。（對過去事情的推測）45．你應(yīng)該好好利用機會練習(xí)英語。(makeuseof)46．乘船游覽，你會被外灘沿岸各種風(fēng)格的建筑所吸引。(and)47．要解決所有的問題，我們還有很長的路要走。但是，環(huán)境正在改善。政府和人民為保護這條深受愛戴的河流做出的努力會在未來得到賞識。Westilltosolvealltheproblems.However,thesituationisimproving.Theeffortsofthegovernmentandpeopletoprotectthismuch-lovedriverwill.48．教練讓史密斯上場,換下了瓊斯。（substitute）八、語法填空(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)49．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheSilkRoadisinfactarelativelyrecentterm.Theseancientroadshadnoparticularnameuntilinthemid-19thcentury,aEuropean(name)thetradeandcommunicationnetworktheSilkRoad.Sincethentheterm(accept)globally.Inthenineteenthcentury,anewtypeoftravelerssteppedontotheSilkRoad,whowereeager(look)foradventure.ResearcherswhocamefrommanycountriestraveledthroughtheTaklamakanDesert,isnowinXinjiang,toexploreancientsitesalongtheSilkRoad(lead)tomanydiscoveriesandstudies,andmostofall,arenewedinterestthehistoryoftheseroutes.Today,manyhistoric(build)andmonumentsstillstand,markingthepassageoftheSilkRoadthroughhotels,portsandcities.What'smore,theremarkablenetworkisr