國(guó)家開放大學(xué)本科《管理英語4》一平臺(tái)機(jī)考第三大題閱讀理解選擇題庫

PAGEPAGE1國(guó)家開放大學(xué)本科《管理英語4》一平臺(tái)機(jī)考題庫第三大題閱讀理解選擇題題庫說明：資料整理于2024年7月31日，適用于國(guó)家開放大學(xué)本科學(xué)員一平臺(tái)期末機(jī)考考試。本大題共包含5小題，每小題4分，共計(jì)20分。閱讀短文，從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)正確答案。首字母A★Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon,andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答?。單選題]◆Whatwasthepurposeofholdingthisteam-buildingevent?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Helpingtheemployeesbecomemoreconcentratedontheirwork.B.Makingtheteammembersknowhowtocooperatewitheachother.C.Buildingupteammorale.[單選題]◆Wherewastheeventheld?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Inaclassroom.[單選題]◆Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.30.B.35.C.5.[單選題]◆Whichstatementbelowiscorrectabouttheevent?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Inthesecondround,everyoneoftheteamhadfoundtheirballoonsafter15minutes.B.Inthethirdround,theteammemberswereaskedtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonit.C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithin2minutes.[單選題]◆Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Cooperatingwithothermembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.B.Focusingonone’sownpursuitsisnotallowedintheworkplace.C.Failureofteamworkiscausedbyindividuals.首字母F★FiveBasicFunctionsThatMakeuptheManagementProcessIn1916,aFrenchcoalminedirectornamedHenriFayolwroteabookentitledAdministrationIndustrielleetGenerale,whichsetforthfivedistinctfunctionsofmanagingthatFayolinsistedwereapplicableinanyindustry.Inthe1950’s,managementtextbooksbegantoincorporatesomeofFayol’sideasintotheircontent,andtoday,managementcoursesstillusemanyofhisideastoteachmanagementtobusinessstudents.PlanningPlanninginvolvesdecidingwheretotakeacompanyandselectingstepstogetthere.Itfirstrequiresmanagerstobeawareofchallengesfacingtheirbusinesses,andthenitrequiresmanagerstoforecastfuturebusinessandeconomicconditions.Theythenformulateobjectivestoreachbycertaindeadlinesanddecideonstepstoreachthem.Theyre-evaluatetheirplansasconditionschangeandmakeadjustmentsasnecessary.OrganizingManagersorganizebybringingtogetherphysical,humanandfinancialresourcestoachieveobjectives.Theyidentifyactivitiestobeaccomplished,classifyactivities,assignactivitiestogroupsorindividuals,createresponsibilitiesanddelegateauthority.Theythencoordinateeverythingsooperationsrunsmoothly.LeadingLeadingrequiresmanagerstomotivateemployeestoachievebusinessobjectivesandgoals.Itrequirestheuseofauthoritytoachievethoseendsaswellastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.Effectiveleaderscaninfluencetheirpersonneltoviewsituationsfromtheirperspectives.Leadingalsoinvolvessupervisionofemployeesandtheirwork.ControllingControllinginvolvesmeasuringachievementagainstestablishedobjectivesandgoals.Italsorequiresmanagerstobeabletoidentifysourcesofdeviationfromsuccessfulaccomplishmentandtoprovideacorrectivecourseofaction.Managersfirstestablishobjectivesandgoals,thenmeasureachievements,identifyanythingthatiskeepingthecompanyfromachievingtheirobjectivesandgoals,andprovidemeansofcorrectionifnecessary.StaffingWithouthumanresources,noorganizationcangetofftheground,letalonedobusinessandmakeprofits.Somedistinctfeaturesofthestaffingfunctionare:?Itputstherightmanintherightjob.?Itisanongoingactivity.Asemployeeskeepleavingandjoiningthecompany,theyalsoretirefromtimetotimeleavingemptyplacesinvariouspositions.?Efficiencyisaprimefocusofthisfunction.Asmanagingpeopleisthetoughestjob,everythingmustbeaccountedfor,leaves,payments,benefits,medicalallowances,socialsecurityaccountingandmuchmore.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答??！[單選題]◆WhichofthefollowingchoiceisinvolvedinPlanning?A.1Formulatingobjectivesforacompanyanddecidingstepstoreachobjectives.B.Motivatingemployeestoachieveobjectivesanddecidingstepstoreachobjectives.C.Predictingfutureeconomyandprovidingacorrectivecourseofaction.[單選題]◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsexplainsorganizinginmanagementprocess?A.Identifyingobjectivesforgroupsorindividuals.B.Creatingresponsibilitiestoachieveobjectives.C.Bringingresourcestogethertoachieveobjectives.[單選題]◆WhatdoesLeadingrequiremanagerstodo?A.Influenceemployees.B.Controlemployees.C.Selectemployees.[單選題]◆WhatdoesControllinginmanagementmean?A.Controllingobjectives.B.Controllingprocess.C.Controllingresources.[單選題]◆WhichofthefollowingisthefeatureoftheStaffingfunction?A.Itpreventspersonnelflowanditwilllastalongtime.B.Itisacontinuousactivityanditrequiresefficiency.C.Itrequireslotsofhigh-qualityhumanresources.首字母H★HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReviewGettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReviewIt’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReviewDon’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththebedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReviewAwaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答??！[單選題]◆Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Arguewithyourboss.B.Makeimmediateremarks.C.Staycalmandlistencarefully[單選題]◆Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Quityourjobimmediately.B.Insistonmakingcomments.C.Learnfromthereview.[單選題]◆Whatshouldyoudoifyoudisagreewiththebadperformancereview?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Tellthebossdirectlythatyoudonotagreewiththereview.B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.C.Donotexpressyourdifferentunderstandinginawrittenstatement.[單選題]◆Howdoyouimproveabadperformancereview?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.B.Learnmoreaboutwhattheemployeewantsorexpects.C.Learnwhatthepersonwhogivesthereviewmaythink.[單選題]◆Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Becauseithelpstheemployeetogetpromotedimmediately.B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.C.Becauseitpreventstheemployeefromprofessionalgrowth.★Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答??！[單選題]◆Whatisnecessaryincreatinganinnovationculture?A.Communication.B.Courage.C.Imitation.[單選題]◆Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?A.Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.B.Definejobsaroundinnovation.C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.[單選題]◆Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”means_______.A.requiredasapriorconditionB.goingafterC.priortorequest[單選題]◆Theformationfromideatoinnovationneeds_______.A.discussionandrevisionB.failureandcourageC.supportandcooperation[單選題]◆WhichisNOTmentionedinthecreationofinnovation?A.Putinnovationintheextremelykeyplaceofthestrategy.B.Developinnovationineverypartofthecompany.C.Putinnovationintoeffect.首字母I★Ifthere’sonewordthatcapturestheessenceofwhatisoccurringintheworldtoday,it’s“change.”Downsizing,reorganizing,andcuttingcosts,arenowthenormforsurvival.Noindustryisexempt.Eventhemostconservativeinstitutionsareundergoingsignificantchangejusttosurvive.Changemanagementhasalwaysbeenanissueofdebateamongstscholars:howcanemployerscreatesuitableconditionsforasuccessfulchangeprocess?Andwhatcanemployeesdotogetthroughit?Tipsfordealingwithchangeintheworkplace.●Makeyourselfawarethatchangehappens:ithappensinpersonallife,ithappensinyourprofessionallife.Youcannotliveinthepast,sodenyingthatchangecouldoccuronlymakesthingsmorecomplicatedforyou.●Stayalertintheworkplace:knowwhatishappeningaroundyou.Whenyoucomeacrosscluesthathintchangeisontheway,acknowledgethem!●Maintainopencommunicationchannels:Don’tlaybackandexpectthingstopassyoubysmoothly.Youneedtogetacquaintedwiththeoccurringchanges.Seekmoredetailsfromyourmanagementandpeerstoformanaccurateunderstandingofthematter.Betransparentandhonestaboutyourfears:dealingwiththeunknownisoftenresentedanddaunting.Makethepictureasclearasyoucan.●Assessyourself!Changeisatimewhenone’sconfidenceaboutone’sskillsandcapabilitiesgetsshaky.Recognizeyourstrengthsandwhereyoucouldbringthemintoplay.Atthesametime,stayawareofyourdevelopmentalareasandworkonimprovingthose.●Don’tbestiff:Itwillmakethechangeprocessmuchharderifyouarerigid.Beflexibleenoughtolookatthedifferentanglesofthechangeandseewhereyoucouldapplyyour“existing”skillsandknowledge,andwhatnewsskillsyouneedtoacquire.●Stayoptimistic:Keepapositiveattitudeanddon’tletyourselfdrowninuncertainty.Involveyourselfinthenewprocess;locateyourselfproperlyinthenewscenario.Adjust!“Youcan’tgettothetopofEverestbyjumpingupthemountain.Yougettothemountaintopbytakingincrementalsteps.Stepbystep,yougettothegoal”,saysRobinSharma,oneoftheworld’smost-sought-afterleadershipandpersonalsuccessexperts.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答?。單選題]◆Enterprisescarryoutdownsizing,reorganizingandcuttingcostsinorderto_________.A.surviveB.cutdownonthenumberofworkersC.reshuffletheorganization[單選題]◆“Noindustryisexempt”means_________.A.NoindustryisanexampleB.NoindustryisanexceptionC.Noteveryindustrycanbeexempted[單選題]◆ThefollowingquestionsareoftendiscussedamongscholarsEXCEPT_________.A.HowcanbossescreatefavorableconditionsforchangeB.HowcanproductivitybeincreasedC.Whatcanworkersdotogetthroughchange[單選題]◆Howmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorputforward?A.4B.5C.6[單選題]◆Fromthepassage,weknowthatRobinSharmais_________.A.anexpertonleadership,andpersonalsuccessB.agreatleaderC.someonewholikestoplaythegameofHideandSeek★Ifthere’sonewordthatcapturestheessenceofwhatisoccurringintheworldtoday,it’s“change.”Downsizing,reorganizing,andcuttingcosts,arenowthenormforsurvival.Noindustryisexempt.Eventhemostconservativeinstitutionsareundergoingsignificantchangejusttosurvive.Changemanagementhasalwaysbeenanissueofdebateamongstscholars:howcanemployerscreatesuitableconditionsforasuccessfulchangeprocess?Andwhatcanemployeesdotogetthroughit?Tipsfordealingwithchangeintheworkplace.●Makeyourselfawarethatchangehappens:ithappensinpersonallife,ithappensinyourprofessionallife.Youcannotliveinthepast,sodenyingthatchangecouldoccuronlymakesthingsmorecomplicatedforyou.●Stayalertintheworkplace:knowwhatishappeningaroundyou.Whenyoucomeacrosscluesthathintchangeisontheway,acknowledgethem!●Maintainopencommunicationchannels:Don’tlaybackandexpectthingstopassyoubysmoothly.Youneedtogetacquaintedwiththeoccurringchanges.Seekmoredetailsfromyourmanagementandpeerstoformanaccurateunderstandingofthematter.Betransparentandhonestaboutyourfears:dealingwiththeunknownisoftenresentedanddaunting.Makethepictureasclearasyoucan.●Assessyourself!Changeisatimewhenone’sconfidenceaboutone’sskillsandcapabilitiesgetsshaky.Recognizeyourstrengthsandwhereyoucouldbringthemintoplay.Atthesametime,stayawareofyourdevelopmentalareasandworkonimprovingthose.●Don’tbestiff:Itwillmakethechangeprocessmuchharderifyouarerigid.Beflexibleenoughtolookatthedifferentanglesofthechangeandseewhereyoucouldapplyyour“existing”skillsandknowledge,andwhatnewsskillsyouneedtoacquire.●Stayoptimistic:Keepapositiveattitudeanddon’tletyourselfdrowninuncertainty.Involveyourselfinthenewprocess;locateyourselfproperlyinthenewscenario.Adjust!“Youcan’tgettothetopofEverestbyjumpingupthemountain.Yougettothemountaintopbytakingincrementalsteps.Stepbystep,yougettothegoal”,saysRobinSharma,oneoftheworld’smost-sought-afterleadershipandpersonalsuccessexperts.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答??！[單選題]◆Enterprisescarryoutdownsizing,reorganizingandcuttingcostsinorderto_________.A.cutdownonthenumberofworkersB.reshuffletheorganizationC.survive[單選題]◆“Noindustryisexempt”means_________.A.NoindustryisanexceptionB.NoindustryisanexampleC.Noteveryindustrycanbeexempted[單選題]◆ThefollowingquestionsareoftendiscussedamongscholarsEXCEPT_________.A.HowcanbossescreatefavorableconditionsforchangeB.HowcanproductivitybeincreasedC.Whatcanworkersdotogetthroughchange[單選題]◆Howmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorputforward?A.4B.5C.6[單選題]◆Fromthepassage,weknowthatRobinSharmais_________.A.anexpertonleadership,andpersonalsuccessB.agreatleaderC.someonewholikestoplaythegameofHideandSeek★In1916,aFrenchcoalminedirectornamedHenriFayolwroteabookentitledAdministrationIndustrielleetGenerale,whichsetforthfivedistinctfunctionsofmanagingthatFayolinsistedwereapplicableinanyindustry.Inthe1950’s,managementtextbooksbegantoincorporatesomeofaFayol’sideasintotheircontent,andtoday,managementcoursesstillusemanyofhisideastoteachmanagementtobusinessstudents.PlanningPlanninginvolvesdecidingwheretotakeacompanyandselectingstepstogetthere.Itfirstrequiresmanagerstobeawareofchallengesfacingtheirbusinesses,andthenitrequiresmanagerstoforecastfuturebusinessandeconomicconditions,Theythenformulateobjectivestoreachbycertaindeadlinesanddecideonstepstoreachthem.Theyre-evaluatetheirplansasconditionschangeandmakeadjustmentsasnecessary.OrganizingManagersorganizebybringingtogetherphysical,humanandfinancialresourcestoachieveobjectives.Theyidentifyactivitiestobeaccomplished,classifyactivities,assignactivitiestogroupsorindividuals,createresponsibilitiesanddelegateauthority.Theythencoordinateeverythingsooperationsrunsmoothly.LeadingLeadingrequiresmanagerstomotivateemployeestoachievebusinessobjectivesandgoals.Itrequirestheuseofauthoritytoachievethoseendsaswellastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.Effectiveleaderscaninfluencetheirpersonneltoviewsituationsfromtheirperspectives.Leadingalsoinvolvessupervisionofemployeesandtheirwork.ControllingControllinginvolvesmeasuringachievementagainstestablishedobjectivesandgoals.Italsorequiresmanagerstobeabletoidentifysourcesofdeviationfromsuccessfulaccomplishmentandtoprovideacorrectivecourseofaction.Managersfirstestablishobjectivesandgoals,thenmeasureachievements,identifyanythingthatiskeepingthecompanyfromachievingtheirobjectivesandgoals,andprovidemeansofcorrectionifnecessary.StaffingWithouthumanresources,noorganizationcangetofftheground,letalonedobusinessandmakeprofits,Somedistinctfeaturesofthestaffingfunctionare：●Itputstherightmanintherightjob.●Itisanongoingactivityasemployeeskeepleavingandjoiningthecompany,theyalsoretirefromtimetotimeleavingemptyplacesinvariouspositions.●Efficiencyisaprimefocusofthisfunctionasmanagingpeopleisthetoughestjobthereis,everythingmustbeaccountedfor,leaves,payments,benefits,medicalallowances,socialsecurityaccountingandmuchmore.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答??！[單選題]◆WhichofthefollowingchoiceisinvolvedinPlanning?A.1Formulatingobjectivesforacompanyanddecidingstepstoreachobjectives.B.Motivatingemployeestoachieveobjectivesanddecidingstepstoreachobjectives.C.Predictingfutureeconomyandprovidingacorrectivecourseofaction.[單選題]◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsexplainsorganizinginmanagementprocess?A.Identifyingobjectivesforgroupsorindividuals.B.Creatingresponsibilitiestoachieveobjectives.C.Bringingresourcestogethertoachieveobjectives.[單選題]◆WhatdoesLeadingrequiremanagerstodo?A.Influenceemployees.B.Controlemployees.C.Selectemployees.[單選題]◆WhatdoesControllinginmanagementmean?A.Controllingobjectives.B.Controllingprocess.C.Controllingresources.[單選題]◆WhichofthefollowingisthefeatureoftheStaffingfunction?A.Itpreventspersonnelflowanditwilllastalongtime.B.Itisacontinuousactivityanditrequiresefficiency.C.Itrequireslotsofhigh-qualityhumanresources.首字母JOrganizationalCultureandItsFunctions★Justasindividualshavepersonalities,so,too,doorganizations.Individualshaverelativelyenduringandstabletraitsthathelpuspredicttheirattitudesandbehaviors.Organizations,likepeople,canbecharacterizedas,forexample,rigid,friendly,warm,innovative,orconservative.Thesetraits,inturn,canbeusedtopredictattitudesandbehaviorsofthepeoplewithintheseorganizations.Thecultureofanyorganization,althoughitmaybehardtomeasureprecisely,neverthelessexistsandisgenerallyrecognizedbyitsemployees.Organizationshaveculturesthatgovernhowmembersbehave.Organizationalculturereferstoasystemofsharedmeaningheldbymembersthatdistinguishestheorganizationfromotherorganizations.Itisasetofkeycharacteristicsthattheorganizationvalues.Therearesevenprimarycharacteristicsthatcapturetheessenceofanorganization’sculture.Theyare:innovationandrisktaking,attentiontodetails,outcomeorientation,peopleorientation,teamorientation,aggressivenessandstability.Appraisingtheorganizationonthesesevencharacteristicsgivesacompositepictureoftheorganization’sculture.Thispicturebecomesthebasisforfeelingsofsharedunderstandingthatmembershaveabouttheorganization,howthingsaredoneinit,andthewaymembersaresupposedtobehave.Cultureperformsanumberoffunctionswithinanorganization.First,itcreatesdistinctionsbetweenoneorganizationandothers.Second,itconveysasenseofidentityfororganizationmembers.Third,culturefacilitatesthegenerationofcommitmenttosomethinglargerthanone’sindividualselfinterest.Fourth,itenhancesthestabilityofthesocialsystem.Finally,cultureservesasasensemakingandcontrolmechanismthatguidesandshapestheattitudesandbehaviorsofemployees.Theroleofcultureininfluencingemployeebehaviorsappearstobeincreasinglyimportantintoday’sworkplace.Whoreceivesajoboffertojointheorganization,whoisappraisedasahighperformer,andwhogetsapromotionarestronglyinfluencedbytheindividual-organization“fit”.ItisnotacoincidencethatemployeesatDisneythemeparksappeartobealmostuniversallyattractive,clean,andwholesomelooking,withbrightsmiles.Andonceonthejob,astrongculture,supportedbyformalrulesandregulations,ensuresthatDisneythemeparkemployeeswillactinarelativelyuniformandpredictableway.特別提醒：本題共5個(gè)小題，需要拉動(dòng)答題框右邊的滾動(dòng)條使5個(gè)試題顯示出來做答?。單選題]◆Howmanycharacteristicsdoesanorganization’scultureprimarilycontain?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.3.B.5.C.7.[單選題]◆Howmanyfunctionsdoesthecultureperformwithinanorganization?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.7.B.6.C.5.[單選題]◆Whatdoestheword“fit”inthelastparagraphmean?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Match.B.Healthy.C.Illness.[單選題]◆Whatisthefirstfunctionoforganizationalculture?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.TobecomethebasisforsharedunderstandingB.Todistinguishoneorganizationfromanother.C.Tocapturetheessenceofanorganization.[單選題]◆Whatisthethirdfunctionoforganizationalculture?(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項(xiàng))A.Tohelpmakeemployeesmorecreativeintheirwork.B.Tohelpmakeemployeesmoreobedientintheirbehaviors.C.Tohelpmakeemployeesmorecommittedtotheorganization.首字母O★OrganizationalCultureandItsFunctionsJustasindividualshavepersonalities,so,too,doorganizations.Individualshaverelativelyenduringandstabletraitsthathelpuspredicttheirattitudesandbehaviors.Organizations,likepeople,canbecharacterizedas,forexample,rigid,friendly,warm,innovative,orconservative.Thesetraits,inturn,canbeusedtopredictattitudesandbehaviorsofthepeoplewithintheseorganizations.Thecultureofanyorganization,althoughitmaybehardtomeasureprecisely,neverthelessexistsandisgenerallyrecognizedbyitsemployees.Organizationshaveculturesthatgovernhowmembersbehave.Organizationalculturereferstoasystemofsharedmeaningheldbymembersthatdistinguishestheorganizationfromotherorganizations.Itisasetofkeycharacteristicsthattheorganizationvalues.Therearesevenprimarycharacteristicsthatcapturetheessenceofanorganization’sculture.Theyare:innovationandrisktaking,attentiontodetails,outcomeorientation,peopleorientation,teamorientation,aggressivenessandstability.Appraisingtheorganizationonthesesevencharacteristicsgivesacompositepictureoftheorganization’sculture.Thispicturebecomesthebasisforfeelingsofsharedunderstandingthatmembershaveabouttheorganization,howthingsaredoneinit,andthewaymembersaresupposedtobehave.Cultureperformsanumberoffunctionswithinanorganization.First,itcreatesdistinctionsbetweenoneorganizationandothers.Second,itconveysasenseofidentityfororganizationmembers.Third,culturefacilitatesthegenerationofcommitmenttosomethinglargerthanone’sindividualselfinterest.Fourth,itenhancesthestabilityofthesocialsystem.Finally,cultureservesasasensemakingandcontrolmechanismthatguidesandshapestheattitudesandbehaviorsofemployees.Theroleofcultureininfluencingemployeebehaviorsap