2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題訓(xùn)練模塊2專題1第4講主旨大意題模擬精練巧押題含解析新人教版

PAGE專題1第4講A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·北京通州一模)Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.First，therearecoststothehealthsystem，bothpublicandprivate，ofmedicaltreatmentoftheinfectedandofoutbreakcontrol.Concernoverthespreadofarelativelycontainedoutbreakcanleadtodecreasedtrade.Travelandtourismtoregionsaffectedbyoutbreaksarealsolikelytodecline.Somelong-runningoutbreaks，suchasHIV，preventforeigndirectinvestment.Theeconomicrisksarelarge.Itisestimatedthattheexpectedyearlycostofinfectiousdiseasesisatroughly$500billion.Evenwhenthehealthimpactofanoutbreakisrelativelylimited，itseconomicconsequencescanquicklybecomeexpanded.Liberia，forexample，sawGDPgrowthdecline8percentagesfrom2013to2014duringtheEbolaoutbreakinAfrica.Theriskiscomplex，butpolicymakershavetoolsinresponse.Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.Investmentinreliablediseasemonitoringinbothhumanandanimalpopulationsisalsocritical.Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.Informalmonitoringsystems，socialmediaforexample，whichcollectinformationfromofficialreports，mediareports，onlinediscussions，andeyewitnessobservations，canalsohelpnationalhealthsystemsandinternationalrespondersgetaheadoftheoutbreaknewsduringtheearlystages.Cooperationsformonitoringinfectiousdiseasesreadinessatthenationallevelprovideinformationnationalgovernmentscanusetoreacttimelytotheiroutbreaks.Thereisasignificantmarketfailurewhenitcomestovaccines(疫苗)againstindividuallow-probabilityvirusesthatcollectivelyarelikelytocausepanic.Giventhelowprobabilitythatanysinglevaccineofthistypewillbeneeded，highResearchandDevelopment(R&D)costs，anddelayedreturns，medicalcompanieshesitatetoinvestintheirdevelopment.However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.ItalsoaimstofunddevelopmentofinstitutionalandtechnicalplatformstospeedR&Dinresponsetooutbreaksforwhichtherearenovaccines.Undoubtedly，humansandinfectiousviruseswillcoexist.However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentives”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Habits. B．Opinions.C．Arguments D．Rewards.2．CFPIisaspecialcompanywhich.A．isabletopredictthetrendofthemarketB．developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousvirusesC．makeshugeprofitsbysellinggeneralmedicineD．employsstaffwhograduatefromfamousuniversities3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Moreimportanceshouldbeattachedtohealthcaresystems.B．All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.C．Itwillnotbelongbeforemankindthoroughlydefeatstheviruses.D．Technologiesholdthekeytothesettlementofmedicalproblems.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HealthRisksandResearchofInfectiousDiseasesB．GlobalCooperationandSpreadofInfectiousDiseasesC．EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseasesD．MedicalServiceandDevelopmentofInfectiousDiseases【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述了傳染性疾病會(huì)使人們恐驚，使社會(huì)面臨巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但通過(guò)改善醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、清潔水的供應(yīng)和更好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)可以削減人類(lèi)接觸病毒的頻率。此外，地方、國(guó)家和國(guó)與國(guó)之間的多層面合作也有助于限制傳染性疾病。1．詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)劃線部分所在句子“Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.”可知，在全球檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中，與其阻擋報(bào)告可能的疫情，還不如發(fā)展報(bào)告疑似病例的incentive，因?yàn)楦鲊?guó)可能有理由擔(dān)憂報(bào)告對(duì)貿(mào)易、旅游和其它經(jīng)濟(jì)成果的影響。劃線詞所在的上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。依據(jù)上文的discouraging推想劃線部分的意思是“嘉獎(jiǎng)”。D.Rewards.(嘉獎(jiǎng)。)符合以上說(shuō)法。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的“However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.”(然而，像CFPI這樣負(fù)責(zé)任的國(guó)際公司可以克服這種市場(chǎng)失靈。它的目標(biāo)包括通過(guò)概念驗(yàn)證，推動(dòng)針對(duì)特定低概率、高嚴(yán)峻性病毒的候選疫苗，以便在疫情發(fā)生時(shí)能夠進(jìn)行快速臨床試驗(yàn)。)可知，CFPI是一個(gè)研發(fā)抗傳染病毒疫苗的公司。B.developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousviruses(開(kāi)發(fā)抗傳染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上說(shuō)法。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.”(傳染病和相關(guān)死亡已經(jīng)削減，但它們?nèi)耘f是全世界的重大威逼。)和最終一段的“However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(然而，我們可以實(shí)行主動(dòng)的措施來(lái)管理疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?，F(xiàn)在地方、國(guó)家和多國(guó)層面實(shí)行聯(lián)合活動(dòng)，這可以大大有助于在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候愛(ài)護(hù)我們?nèi)咳似桨病?可推想，傳染性疾病的限制須要全部層面的合作。B.All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.(解決傳染性疾病須要各個(gè)層面的合作。)符合以上說(shuō)法。故選B項(xiàng)。4．標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.”(傳染性疾病的爆發(fā)以及隨之而來(lái)的恐驚和恐慌帶來(lái)了各種經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)和第五段的“Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.”(在改善醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、清潔水的供應(yīng)和更好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的投資，可以削減人類(lèi)接觸病毒的頻率。)以及最終一段的“Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(現(xiàn)在地方、國(guó)家和多國(guó)層面實(shí)行聯(lián)合活動(dòng)，這可以大大有助于在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候愛(ài)護(hù)我們?nèi)咳似桨病?可知，本文主要講解并描述了傳染性疾病帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及解決方法。C.EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseases(傳染性疾病的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響和解決方法)可以作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。B閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·北京海淀一模)Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance，BenedictCumberbatchsaid，“MymomsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI’mfilmingSherlock.”MarkSeton，aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney，hasevencoinedtheterm“post-dramaticstressdisorder”todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole.“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied，”hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn’tinvolveacting，anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers’senseofself，ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies，theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities，memoriesorphysicalattributes，andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance，theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories，andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance，iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm“confident”wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend’spersonality，whentheycametorescorethemselves，theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably，thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself.“Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson，wemayadaptourselvestotaketheshapeofthatperson，”saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging，especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome，ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves，wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways.“Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend，whotomodel，andwhotoignore，”writeMeyerandhercolleagues，“wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks，butevenoursenseofwhoweare.”5．Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.A．statethatactingrequiresskillsB．explainthestressthatanactorfacesC．showthataroleleavesamarkontheactorD．stresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ruboffon”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Influence. B．Strengthen.C．Confuse. D．Determine.7．Accordingtothestudy，takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.A．bringschangestoone’sself-knowledgeB．motivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfC．helpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsD．producestemporaryeffectsonone’scharacter8．Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?A．Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.B．Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.C．Itgivesadviceonadjustingone’semotions.D．Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.【答案】5.C6.A7.A8.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。演員扮演的角色往往會(huì)在演員身上留下烙印，演員會(huì)受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會(huì)很長(zhǎng)久。生活中我們也會(huì)受到他人的影響，但是我們也能夠變更自己，進(jìn)一步提升自己。5．段落大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters”．以及其次段結(jié)尾句“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied”可知演員會(huì)受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會(huì)很長(zhǎng)久。故正確答案是C。6．詞義揣測(cè)題。通過(guò)文章第四段前兩句“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知，志愿者對(duì)于自己的認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響。故正確答案是A。7．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知志愿者的自我認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響，進(jìn)一步發(fā)生了變更。故正確答案是A。8．主旨大意題。通過(guò)文章倒數(shù)其次段“Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier”可知通過(guò)這項(xiàng)探討我們可以知道變更自己并不是很困難的事情，進(jìn)一步可以對(duì)我們自身進(jìn)行提升。故正確答案是B。C閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·廣東省高考模擬)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritainonFriday—includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica，worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat，forexample，readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy’sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid，“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage，thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步)，aclickonanywordwillre-setit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls，authorofOneDay，thebestsellernowreleasedasafilm，said，“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride，thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller，sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid，“IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”9．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.10．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.11．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy. B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls. D．StuartMacBride.12．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D【解析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章說(shuō)明白出版商希望通過(guò)發(fā)行帶有附加音軌和音樂(lè)伴奏版本的電子書(shū)，支持者認(rèn)為，聲音效果是電子書(shū)的下一個(gè)合乎邏輯的發(fā)展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，指責(zé)家會(huì)爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，噪音會(huì)破壞閱讀所激發(fā)的想象的簡(jiǎn)潔樂(lè)趣。文章介紹了不同的人對(duì)此的看法。9．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.”可知支持者認(rèn)為，聲音效果是電子書(shū)的下一個(gè)合乎邏輯的發(fā)展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，指責(zé)家會(huì)爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，噪音會(huì)破壞閱讀所激發(fā)的想象的簡(jiǎn)潔樂(lè)趣。結(jié)合文章說(shuō)明白出版商希望通過(guò)發(fā)行帶有附加音軌和音樂(lè)伴奏版本的電子書(shū)，介紹了不同的人對(duì)此的看法。由此可知，這篇文章主要講了對(duì)帶有配樂(lè)的電子書(shū)的看法。故選A。10．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知當(dāng)書(shū)的情節(jié)發(fā)展到最激烈人心的部分時(shí)，背景的得分會(huì)制造驚慌感。由此可知，出版商希望一個(gè)電子書(shū)原聲帶在書(shū)中令人興奮的地方增加驚慌感。故選C。11．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中“CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.”可知這家文學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)的首席執(zhí)行官CarolineMichel表示，新一代懂電腦的讀者習(xí)慣于多重感官輸入。以及“Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可知假如這是市場(chǎng)想要的，那么我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)作出反應(yīng)。由此可推知，CarolineMichel支持為電子書(shū)添加配樂(lè)。故選B。12．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Hesaid，’IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.’”可知他說(shuō)：“假如我在看書(shū)，我會(huì)在腦子里制造響聲。我不須要有人告知我茶杯叮當(dāng)?shù)穆曇羰鞘裁礃拥?。那?huì)激怒我的。”由此可知，StuartMacBride在閱讀時(shí)想象與故事有關(guān)的聲音。故選D。D閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·山東省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三6月模擬考試)Whyshouldmostofushatespiderswhenweknowdeeplyhowmuchgoodtheydo？Isitbecausetheysomehowseemsoalien？Afterall，whatotherlandcreaturesonearthhaveeightlegs？Whatothercreaturesspinsilkwebsinwhichtocatchandwraptheirpreytopreserveitforthefuture，muchasweputfoodinthefridgetoeatlater？Idonotpersonallysufferfromarachnophobia，thenamegiventoanabnormalfearofspiders，butIcan’tsaythatIlikethelittlebeasts.However，somepeopledo，andtheyactuallykeepthemaspets!Thereisawidevarietyofspidersintheworld.Infactithasbeenestimatedthattherearesome35,000species—fromlittle“moneyspiders”thatliveinyourbackgarden，tothe“blackwidowspider”，andthe“tarantula”，thespiderthatisnowsometimeskeptasapet.Atarantulacanbeanyoneofalargehairyspidersfamilyandthereareabout800speciesofthem.Whileexpertscantellthedifferencebetweenspeciesataglance，mostareusuallydescribedinreferencebooksas“ratherslowly”with“astrongbitewhichmaybepoisonous”．Theyarecoveredwithhairswhichcancausearash(皮疹)iftheyarehandled.Noonehascalculatedthenumberofhumandeathscausedbyabitefromatarantulaperhapsbecauseithasneverhappened，orhappenedsorarely，andindeedatarantulawilldonoharmtoanyoneifhandledcorrectly.Theirdisgustingimagecannotbelietheirgentlenaturebutexpertstellusnottohandleatarantulawithoutexpertadvice.Tarantulasarepopularaspetsanditrequiresverylittlespacetomaintaintheminexcellentcondition.Theyshouldbekeptsinglyinaglasscontainer，whichneednotbeverylargebutshouldhavealayerofstonesinthe